The document discusses pests, defined as harmful insects and organisms that damage crops, and explores various methods of pest control, including mechanical, agricultural, biological, and chemical strategies. It highlights the role of biopesticides, derived from natural sources, as a less toxic alternative to conventional pesticides, noting their advantages in targeting specific pests and reducing environmental impact. Lastly, it provides insights into different types of pests, including fungi, insects, weeds, and non-insect pests, along with examples and their associated issues.

1. PESTANDPESTCONTROL
Presented By:-Jugal ravindra patil
Roll No:-76

2. content
Introduction
Pests
Method of pest control
Biopesticides
Advantages of biopesticides

3. INTRODUCTION
pest are insects or small animals which damage crops or food supplies.
pest is any animal, plant or microorganism that is causes trouble, injuries or
destruction, therefore pesticide may be defined simply as chemical agents used to
control or eliminate pest.
Many kinds of insects transmit serious diseases, such as malaria and typhus.
Some insects destroy or cause heavy damage to valuable crops such as corn,
cotton, wheat and
rice.
Other common pests include bacteria, fungi,rays and such weed as ragweed and
poison.

4. Pestes
WHAT IS PESTE?
Any animal , insect, plant which are hazardous to
host;are called pest.
TYPES OF PESTE:
1)Fungi and virus
2)Insects
3)Weeds
4)Non-insect peste

5. PESTEs
1)FUNGI AND VIRUSES
•Ascochyta atropae causes the formation of
greyish – white irregular spots which further
cause necrosis of leaves. Which is called leaf
necrosis.
• Cercospora atropae causes round to
angular spots with chestnut colored
margins on both sides of leaves. Which is
called as leaf spot.
• Many different viruses are responsible for
some plant diseases. They are mosaic
causing necrosis of leaves , petioles and stem of
different solanaceous plants.
• Tabacco mosaic virus , cucumber mosaic
virus and tobacco ring spot virus are observed
on digitalis and a strain of cucumber mosaic
virus is detected on hyoscyamus.

6. pestes
2)INSECTS –
Throughout the world, about one million species
of insects have been reported.
-various insect pests which attack medicinal
plants are agrotis species and heliothis
armigera. Flea beetle and phytomyza atricornis
are the insects pests which afflict the menthe
species.
3)WEEDS - A weed is an undesired
plant. Weeds are considered as
dreadful pests because loss
es due to them are
estimated to be more than
those occurring due to
other pests and diseases
combined together.

7. pestes
4)NON-INSECT PESTS
-vertebrates : rats, monkeys etc.
-Invertebrates : nematodes, crabs , snails etc.

8. Methodsofpestescontrol
1)Mechanical method
2)Agricultural method
3)Biological control
4)Chemical control
• Rodenticides
• Insecticides
• Acaricides (miticides)
• Fungicides
• Herbicides

9. Methodsofpestscontrol
1)MECHANICAL METHOD:
• It employs manual labour along with different
devices for collection and destruction of pests.
• The simple techniques are hand-picking,
pruning, burning and trapping of pests.
• A proper approach is made for collection of
eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of insects.
•A better way for protection from rodents
like rats is construction of concrete ware
houses.
• The method adopted for trapping flying
insects is to emplace funnel shaped
containers containing flavoured attractants .

10. Methodsofpestscontrol
2)AGRICULTURAL METHOD:
•It covers advanced plant breeding techniques
capable of including genetic manipulations
resulting in production of pest resistant species.
• Another aspect in control is a deep plough to
eradicate weeds, as well as, early stages of
insects.
• Crop rotation , and by changing
environment which in many cases may
lead to obstruction in their life cycle.
3)BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
• It’s practiced by combating the pests, mostly
the insects, with other living organisms.
• Sex pheromones…
eg,7,8-epoxy-2 methyloctadecane from gypsy
moth.

11. methodsofpestscontrol
5)CHEMICAL CONTROL:
- The control of pests is brought about with the
use of chemicals.
1.RODENTICIDES - Warfarin , strychnine ,
arsenic trioxide, thallium sulphate etc.
2.INSECTICIDES - DDT, gammaxene, rotenoids,
methoxychlor etc.
3.ACARICIDES(miticides) - Tetradiflon ,
chlorobenzolate.
4.FUNGICIDES - Bordeaux mixture,
chlorophenols, antibiotics,
quarternary ammonium compounds etc.
5.HERBICIDES - 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic
acid , calcium arsenate, sulphuric acid etc.

12. biopesticides
• Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides
derived from such natural materials as animals,
plants, bacteria, and certain minerals.
• For example, canola oil and baking soda have
pesticidal applications and are considered
biopesticides.
• As of April 2016, there are 299 registered
biopesticide active ingredients and 1401
active biopesticide product registrations.

13. Advantagesofbiopesticides
•Biopesticides are usually less toxic than
conventional pesticides.
•Biopesticides generally affect only the target
pest and closely related organisms, in contrast to
broad spectrum, conventional pesticides that
may affect organisms as different as birds,
insects and mammals.
•Biopesticides often are effective in very
small quantities and often decompose
quickly, resulting in lower exposures and
largely avoiding the pollution problems
caused by conventional pesticides.
•biopesticides can greatly reduce the use of
conventional pesticides, while crop yields
remain high.