Extraction and Production of Essential Oils
(Phytochemicals, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil)
The essential oils are extracted from the botanical material using a variety of extraction methods to suit the material extracted from and are highly odoriferous liquids.
Essential oils are the fragrant, highly concentrated natural constituents that are found in plants. They are what give the plant its characteristic odour and contain the healing power of the plant from which it was extracted.
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Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, How Essential Oils are Produced, Essential Oil Extraction Methods, Essential Oil Extraction Project Report, Essential Oil Extraction Equipment, Extraction Of Essential Oils from Plants, Project Report on Essential Oils, Project Profile on Essential Oils Producing Plant, Projects on Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing Plant, Essential Oil Extraction, Essential Oils, Essential Oil Production, Essential Oil Extraction Business Plan, Essential Oil Processing Unit, Business Plan for Essential Oils Extraction, Essential Oil Project, Production of Essential Oil, How to Manufacture Essential Oils, Extract Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Plant, Profit from Producing Essential Oils, Start Spice Oleo Resins Extraction, How are Essential Oils Extracted?, Extraction Methods of Natural Essential Oils, Production of Natural Essential Oils, How to Make Essential Oils, Essential Oils Production, Production Process of Essential Oils, Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing, Essential Oil Extraction Process, Methods of Producing Essential Oils, Making Essential Oils, Manufacturing of Essential Oils, Production and Processing of Essential Oils, Essential Oils Processing Equipment, Patchouli Essential Oil, Guide To Making Essential Oil, Essential Oil Manufacture, Process For Manufacturing Essential Oils, Essential Oils Industry, Process of Essential Oil Extraction, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil, Method to Extract Rose Oil, Rose Oil Extracting Plant
Essential Oils Extraction and Manufacturing IndustryAjjay Kumar Gupta
Essential Oils Extraction and Manufacturing Industry. Jasmine and Tuberose Oil Extraction Business. Essential Oils from Flower Crops
An essential oil is a natural product extracted from a single plant species. Not all plants produce essential oils, and in the plants that do, the essential oil may be found in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits.
Essential oils, also called volatile odoriferous oil, are aromatic oily liquids extracted from different parts of plants, for example, leaves, peels, barks, flowers, buds, seeds, and so on. They can be extracted from plant materials by several methods, steam distillation, expression, and so on. Among all methods, for example, steam distillation method has been widely used, especially for commercial scale production. Essential oils have been widely used as food flavors. Essential oils have been known to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, thereby serving as natural additives in foods and food products.
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Essential Oil Extraction, How are Essential Oils Extracted? How to Make Essential Oils, Extraction of Essential Oils, Essential Oils from Jasmine, Extraction of Essential Oil and its Applications, Process of Essential Oil Extraction, Extracting Essential Oils, Extraction and Manufacturing of Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Plant, Extraction of Essential Oils from Jasmine, Extraction of Jasmine Oil, Extraction of Essential Oils from Jasmine, Jasmine Flower Essential Oil, Jasmine Essential Oil Extraction, Production of Jasmine Oil, Essential Oil Extraction (Jasmine and Tuberose), Jasmine Oil, Essential Oils, Essential Oils Manufacturing, Jasmine Oil Extraction Pdf, Essential Oils from Tuberose Flower, Essential Oil Extraction in India, How to Make Tuberose Essential Oil, Tuberose Oil Extraction Process, Extraction of Tuberose Oil, Tuberose Extract, Tuberose Oil Extraction Business, How to Start Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Unit, Manufacture of Essential Oils, Jasmine Oil Production, Production of Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Business Ideas, Most Profitable Essential Oil Extraction Business Ideas, Start an Essential Oil Business, Polianthes tuberosa Oil Extraction, How to Start Essential Oil Manufacturing Business, Essential Oil Production Unit, Essential Oils Producing Plant, Essential Oil Extraction Business Plan, Essential Oil Business Plan, How to Start an Extraction Business, Essential Oil Processing Business, Essential Oil Production, Essential Oil Business Opportunity, How to Start an Essential Oils Business,
Aromatherapy is the practice of using essential oils for therapeutic benefit.
Aromatherapy has been used for centuries.
When inhaled, the scent molecules in essential oils travel from the olfactory nerves directly to the brain and especially impact the amygdala, the emotional center of the brain.
Aromatherapy derived its name from the word aroma, which means fragrance or smell, and therapy which means treatment. This therapy is a natural way of healing a person’s mind, body, and soul.
Literature survey reveals that this therapy has gained a lot of attention in the late 20th century and is very popular in the 21st century too, and due to its importance, popularity, and widespread use, it is recognized as aroma science therapy.
Extraction and Production of Essential Oils
(Phytochemicals, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil)
The essential oils are extracted from the botanical material using a variety of extraction methods to suit the material extracted from and are highly odoriferous liquids.
Essential oils are the fragrant, highly concentrated natural constituents that are found in plants. They are what give the plant its characteristic odour and contain the healing power of the plant from which it was extracted.
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New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
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Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, How Essential Oils are Produced, Essential Oil Extraction Methods, Essential Oil Extraction Project Report, Essential Oil Extraction Equipment, Extraction Of Essential Oils from Plants, Project Report on Essential Oils, Project Profile on Essential Oils Producing Plant, Projects on Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing Plant, Essential Oil Extraction, Essential Oils, Essential Oil Production, Essential Oil Extraction Business Plan, Essential Oil Processing Unit, Business Plan for Essential Oils Extraction, Essential Oil Project, Production of Essential Oil, How to Manufacture Essential Oils, Extract Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Plant, Profit from Producing Essential Oils, Start Spice Oleo Resins Extraction, How are Essential Oils Extracted?, Extraction Methods of Natural Essential Oils, Production of Natural Essential Oils, How to Make Essential Oils, Essential Oils Production, Production Process of Essential Oils, Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, Essential Oil Manufacturing, Essential Oil Extraction Process, Methods of Producing Essential Oils, Making Essential Oils, Manufacturing of Essential Oils, Production and Processing of Essential Oils, Essential Oils Processing Equipment, Patchouli Essential Oil, Guide To Making Essential Oil, Essential Oil Manufacture, Process For Manufacturing Essential Oils, Essential Oils Industry, Process of Essential Oil Extraction, Aromatic Chemicals, Aromatic Compounds, Spice Oils and Oleoresins, Curcumin, Rose Oil Extraction, Chilli Oil, Ginger Oil, Black Pepper Oil, Chilli Oleoresin, Cresols, Menthol Oil, Clove Oil & Citronella Oil, Patchouli Oil, Garlic Oil, Method to Extract Rose Oil, Rose Oil Extracting Plant
Essential Oils Extraction and Manufacturing IndustryAjjay Kumar Gupta
Essential Oils Extraction and Manufacturing Industry. Jasmine and Tuberose Oil Extraction Business. Essential Oils from Flower Crops
An essential oil is a natural product extracted from a single plant species. Not all plants produce essential oils, and in the plants that do, the essential oil may be found in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits.
Essential oils, also called volatile odoriferous oil, are aromatic oily liquids extracted from different parts of plants, for example, leaves, peels, barks, flowers, buds, seeds, and so on. They can be extracted from plant materials by several methods, steam distillation, expression, and so on. Among all methods, for example, steam distillation method has been widely used, especially for commercial scale production. Essential oils have been widely used as food flavors. Essential oils have been known to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, thereby serving as natural additives in foods and food products.
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
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Essential Oil Extraction, How are Essential Oils Extracted? How to Make Essential Oils, Extraction of Essential Oils, Essential Oils from Jasmine, Extraction of Essential Oil and its Applications, Process of Essential Oil Extraction, Extracting Essential Oils, Extraction and Manufacturing of Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Plant, Extraction of Essential Oils from Jasmine, Extraction of Jasmine Oil, Extraction of Essential Oils from Jasmine, Jasmine Flower Essential Oil, Jasmine Essential Oil Extraction, Production of Jasmine Oil, Essential Oil Extraction (Jasmine and Tuberose), Jasmine Oil, Essential Oils, Essential Oils Manufacturing, Jasmine Oil Extraction Pdf, Essential Oils from Tuberose Flower, Essential Oil Extraction in India, How to Make Tuberose Essential Oil, Tuberose Oil Extraction Process, Extraction of Tuberose Oil, Tuberose Extract, Tuberose Oil Extraction Business, How to Start Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Unit, Manufacture of Essential Oils, Jasmine Oil Production, Production of Essential Oils, Essential Oil Extraction Business Ideas, Most Profitable Essential Oil Extraction Business Ideas, Start an Essential Oil Business, Polianthes tuberosa Oil Extraction, How to Start Essential Oil Manufacturing Business, Essential Oil Production Unit, Essential Oils Producing Plant, Essential Oil Extraction Business Plan, Essential Oil Business Plan, How to Start an Extraction Business, Essential Oil Processing Business, Essential Oil Production, Essential Oil Business Opportunity, How to Start an Essential Oils Business,
Aromatherapy is the practice of using essential oils for therapeutic benefit.
Aromatherapy has been used for centuries.
When inhaled, the scent molecules in essential oils travel from the olfactory nerves directly to the brain and especially impact the amygdala, the emotional center of the brain.
Aromatherapy derived its name from the word aroma, which means fragrance or smell, and therapy which means treatment. This therapy is a natural way of healing a person’s mind, body, and soul.
Literature survey reveals that this therapy has gained a lot of attention in the late 20th century and is very popular in the 21st century too, and due to its importance, popularity, and widespread use, it is recognized as aroma science therapy.
Title: ARACHIS OIL- Groundnut oil- Peanut oil
• Description: In this video the viewers will come to know about ARACHIS OIL that is one of the Lipid containing crude drugs obtained from the various plant sources. Arachis oil is obtained by expression of shelled and skinned seeds of Arachia hypogaea Linn., belonging to family Papilionaceae. This drug becomes important since it is obtained from nut source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of ARACHIS OIL
2. Biological Sources of ARACHIS OIL
3. Geographical Sources of ARACHIS OIL
4. Preparation of ARACHIS OIL
5. Description of ARACHIS OIL
6. Chemical Constituents of ARACHIS OIL
7. Chemical Test of ARACHIS OIL
8. Uses of ARACHIS OIL
Essential oils can support your body in maintaining good health by improving your immune system and supporting good digestion and respiratory function. Also aromatherapy can elevate mood and improve relaxation.
Different methods of extraction of essential oilChetanChauhan123
all about the different methods of oil extraction classical and modern extraction method on the basis of review and research paper by chetan kumar chauhan
Definitions “volatile oils”, “Ethereal oils” or Essential oils”
Volatile oils: Complex liquid mixtures of odoriferous compounds of varying chemical composition, which easily evaporate when exposed to air at room temperature, and which are used for either their specific therapeutic activity or their aroma.
Aromatherapy is a branch of complementary medicine, which depends on the use of aromatic plants, their extracts, mainly their essential oils to promote health, beauty and vitality.
Since primeval times Flavors and Fragrances has been an element of our life. We have been making it a part of life. By different means we all utilize perfumery and flavor materials, in our everyday life. Fragrances have a key part in religious ceremonies as it was considered to possess strengths to cure and protect from evil. We in our routine life starting from morning till night make different uses of products for personal care and cleanliness which have perfumes. Even consumables like confectionary contain some type of perfume or flavors. Most fragrance comes naturally form many plants. This smell is known as aroma which is a Latin word and those flora which have this aroma are known as aromatic plants. These aromas are extracted from some odoriferous material called essential oils. There is no dearth of aromatic plants in India.
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Art of flavour-making, Book of flavours with formulations, Book of perfumes with formulations, Business guidance for flavours industry, Business guidance for perfumes industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Essential oil perfume spray, Flavor and Fragrance Market in India, Flavor Formulations, Flavor making Formulas, Flavor Making Small Business Manufacturing, Flavour and fragrance companies in India, Flavour and Fragrance Cosmetics Business, Flavour and Fragrance Industry, Flavouring Formulation, flavours and perfumes manufacturing Business, flavours making machine factory, Flower perfumes, Formulas for Flavours, Formulating a synthetic perfume, Formulation & preparation of flavours, Formulation and Production of Flavour, Formulation of perfume, Fragrance formulas, Fragrance industry in India, Fragrances and Flavours – Opportunities & Challenges, How perfume is made, How to Make a Natural Perfume, How to make perfume from flowers, How to Make Perfume Using Flowers, How to Make Perfume with Essential Oils, How to make perfume?, How to Make Your Own Floral Perfume, How to Start a flavours Production Business, How to start a fragrance line, How to Start a Perfume Business, How to start a perfume business in India, How to Start a Perfumes Production Business, How to start a successful flavours and perfumes business, How to Start Perfumes and flavours Industry in India, How to start perfumes and flavours making industry?, Indian fragrance & flavour industry, Indian perfume industry, Is perfume business profitable?, List of perfume industry in India, Make Your Own Perfume with Essential Oils, Making Flowers into Perfume, Making perfume, Most Profitable Perfumes and flavours Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in flavours manufacturing industry, New small scale ideas in Perfumes manufacturing industry, Perfume business, Perfume business ideas, Perfume business in India, Perfume business opportunity, Perfume business plan, Perfume business start up
Aromatic plants possess odorous volatile substances which occur as essential oil, gum exudate, balsam and oleoresin in one or more parts, namely, root, wood, bark, stem, foliage, flower seed and fruit. The characteristic aroma is due to a variety of complex chemical compounds. The term essential oil is similar to fragrance or perfumes because these fragrances are oily in nature and they represent the essence or the active constituents of the plants. Essential oils and aroma chemicals constitute a major group of industrial products. These plant materials continue to play positive roles in human life, as sources of modern pharmaceuticals to treat medical problems, as herbs and spices to tempt the palate, and in a multitude of other applications. Demand and trade for these plant materials initiated globalization that spread new ideas and new settlements along with native resentment.
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This topic gives the basic idea of the essential oil, its characteristics, methods available for extraction and where exactly essential oils used in food.
Production of Flavours and Perfumes with FormulationsAjjay Kumar Gupta
Perfumes and Flavours are a harmonious combination of natural and / or synthetic ingredients essential to lend taste and smell to food, pharmaceutical, personal care, fabric care and household care products, pleasing the senses in totality. Supposing Perfumes and flavours are eliminated from use our, life will become dull and boring, not good enough to live. Thankfully, today Perfumes and flavours are present throughout all levels of product right from an expensive one to the cheapest and play an invaluable role by its performance and signal attributes to take care of this emotional need, stimulating as well as calming or relaxing the user. The flavour and Perfumes industry in India is fragmented, with top global players and local players of various sizes competing in the same marketplace.
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Essential oils are volatile (quickly evaporating) aromatic fluids extracted from plants through steam distillation, or in the case of citrus fruits through expression (or cold pressing) of the rind to obtain an oil that retains a juicy, fresh fruit scent.
Various extraction methods are used in the manufacture and extraction of essential oils, and the method used is normally dependant on what type of botanical material is being used.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology-Approaches of Traditional Medicine Studies, Traditional use & management of medicinal plants in Asian countries, Application of Ethnobotany to community conservation and medicinal plant resource management
Most of the commercial soaps and detergents contain chemicals that can be harmful to the skin. Using a natural herbal soap and detergents can be a good alternative. Herbal soaps and detergents are made using natural herbs and ingredients that are healthier and beneficial for the skin.
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Application of Detergents, Art of herbal soap making, Ayurvedic Herbal Shampoo manufacturing, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Classification of Soap Products, Cleaners, Composition and Manufacturing of Detergent, Detergent Formulation Consulting In India, Detergent Powder Business, Detergent powder making process, Formulation of Detergents, Formulation of herbal shampoo, Formulations of Synthetic Detergent Powders, Herbal based Hair Shampoo Commercial Business Plan, herbal based shampoo manufacturing process, Herbal Based Soap manufacturing process, Herbal Based Soap Small Scale Industries Projects, Herbal liquid and paste detergents manufacturing, Herbal shampoo formula, Herbal Shampoo Manufacturing Plant, Herbal Shampoo Processing Plant, Herbal Soap and detergent chemistry, Herbal Soap Making, Herbal Soap making Business, Herbal Soap Manufacturing Industry in India, Herbal Soap Manufacturing Process, Herbal Soap Manufacturing Profitable Business Idea, Herbal Soap manufacturing technology book, Herbal Soap, Making Herbal Soap, Herbal Soap Manufacturing, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Business, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Industry in India, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Making Small Business Manufacturing, Herbal Soaps and Detergent Book, Herbal Soaps How to Make Herbal Soaps, Herbal synthetic detergent manufacturing process, How Herbal shampoo is made, How to Make Detergent Powder, How to Make Herbal Shampoo, How to Make Herbal Soap, How to Make Soaps with Herbs, How to make your own herbal Soap, How to manufacture Ayurvedic Herbal Soap, How to Manufacture Detergent and Cleaning Products, How to Manufacture Detergents Powder, How to manufacture herbal shampoo, How to manufacture Herbal soap, How to Manufacture Herbal Soaps and Detergents, How to start a successful Herbal Soaps & Detergents business, How to Start Herbal Soap Manufacturing Industry in India, How to Start Herbal Soaps & Detergents Industry in India, How to Start Herbal Soaps & Detergents manufacturing?, How to Start Herbal Soaps and Detergents Production Business, How to Start Your Own Herbal Soap Business, Indian Soaps & Herbal Soaps, Make Herbal Soap and shampoo, Make Your Own Natural Shampoo, Making Your Own Herbal Hair Shampoo, Manufacture of Herbal Shampoos, Manufacturing of Herbal Synthetic Detergents, Manufacturing process of detergents, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Herbal Soaps and Detergents Manufacturing Business
Herbal perfumes and cosmetics have been into usage from time immemorial and are made using natural herbs and ingredients that are healthier and beneficial for the skin. These are less likely to cause any damaging effect and the radiance they add to the skin. These days a number of beauty products that are using the herbal formulae have got lot of attention and have been witnessing a huge rise in demand not only nationally but on international arena. Bath and beauty products use herbs for both their scents and therapeutic qualities. Herbal products are replacing the synthetics products because of its harsh nature.
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Best essential oils for perfume, Book Herbal Indian Perfumes and Cosmetics, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Essential oil perfume recipes, Extraction of perfumes, Extraction in Perfumery, Formulation of Perfumes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Herbal Cosmetic Small Scale Industries Projects, Herbal cosmetics book, Herbal Cosmetics Handbook, Herbal cosmetics manufacturing in India, Herbal Perfume and cosmetic Business, Herbal Perfume Based Small Scale Industries, Herbal Perfume making machine factory, Herbal Perfume Making Small Business Manufacturing, Herbal Perfume manufacturing Industry in India, Herbal Perfume Processing Projects, Herbal Perfumery book, Herbal Perfumes and Cosmetics manufacturing, Herbal Perfumes manufacturing, How perfume is made, How to Make a Rose and Lavender Perfume, How to Make Herbal Cosmetics, How to make herbal perfume, How to make herbal Perfume Flowers, How to Make Natural Perfume Herbs & Oils, How to Make Perfume Flower Blossoms and Water Method, How to make perfume with essential oils, How to Make Your Own Essential Oils and Perfumes, How to Make Your Own Natural Perfume, How to Make Your Own Oil Based Perfume, How to manufacture Herbal Cosmetics, How to Manufacture Herbal Cosmetics and Perfumes, How to manufacture Herbal Perfumes, How to manufacture Perfumes, How to start a successful herbal Perfume business, How to start herbal Perfume and cosmetic business?, How to start herbal Perfume making Industry in India, How to start herbal Perfume Production Business, Ideas about Fantasy Perfume, Making Herbal Cosmetics, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable herbal Perfume making Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in herbal Perfume manufacturing industry, Perfume Recipe, Perfume manufacturing process, Perfumes Extraction, Distillation and Extraction in Perfumery, Extraction Techniques and Aromatic Materials, Perfume manufacturing techniques, Extraction of perfumes from plant materials, Process technology books, Profitable Small Scale Herbal Perfume Manufacturing, Setting up and opening your herbal Perfume Business, Setting up of Herbal Perfume and Cosmetic Units, Small scale Commercial herbal Perfume making, Small Scale herbal Perfume making Projects
Title: ARACHIS OIL- Groundnut oil- Peanut oil
• Description: In this video the viewers will come to know about ARACHIS OIL that is one of the Lipid containing crude drugs obtained from the various plant sources. Arachis oil is obtained by expression of shelled and skinned seeds of Arachia hypogaea Linn., belonging to family Papilionaceae. This drug becomes important since it is obtained from nut source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of ARACHIS OIL
2. Biological Sources of ARACHIS OIL
3. Geographical Sources of ARACHIS OIL
4. Preparation of ARACHIS OIL
5. Description of ARACHIS OIL
6. Chemical Constituents of ARACHIS OIL
7. Chemical Test of ARACHIS OIL
8. Uses of ARACHIS OIL
Essential oils can support your body in maintaining good health by improving your immune system and supporting good digestion and respiratory function. Also aromatherapy can elevate mood and improve relaxation.
Different methods of extraction of essential oilChetanChauhan123
all about the different methods of oil extraction classical and modern extraction method on the basis of review and research paper by chetan kumar chauhan
Definitions “volatile oils”, “Ethereal oils” or Essential oils”
Volatile oils: Complex liquid mixtures of odoriferous compounds of varying chemical composition, which easily evaporate when exposed to air at room temperature, and which are used for either their specific therapeutic activity or their aroma.
Aromatherapy is a branch of complementary medicine, which depends on the use of aromatic plants, their extracts, mainly their essential oils to promote health, beauty and vitality.
Since primeval times Flavors and Fragrances has been an element of our life. We have been making it a part of life. By different means we all utilize perfumery and flavor materials, in our everyday life. Fragrances have a key part in religious ceremonies as it was considered to possess strengths to cure and protect from evil. We in our routine life starting from morning till night make different uses of products for personal care and cleanliness which have perfumes. Even consumables like confectionary contain some type of perfume or flavors. Most fragrance comes naturally form many plants. This smell is known as aroma which is a Latin word and those flora which have this aroma are known as aromatic plants. These aromas are extracted from some odoriferous material called essential oils. There is no dearth of aromatic plants in India.
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Art of flavour-making, Book of flavours with formulations, Book of perfumes with formulations, Business guidance for flavours industry, Business guidance for perfumes industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Essential oil perfume spray, Flavor and Fragrance Market in India, Flavor Formulations, Flavor making Formulas, Flavor Making Small Business Manufacturing, Flavour and fragrance companies in India, Flavour and Fragrance Cosmetics Business, Flavour and Fragrance Industry, Flavouring Formulation, flavours and perfumes manufacturing Business, flavours making machine factory, Flower perfumes, Formulas for Flavours, Formulating a synthetic perfume, Formulation & preparation of flavours, Formulation and Production of Flavour, Formulation of perfume, Fragrance formulas, Fragrance industry in India, Fragrances and Flavours – Opportunities & Challenges, How perfume is made, How to Make a Natural Perfume, How to make perfume from flowers, How to Make Perfume Using Flowers, How to Make Perfume with Essential Oils, How to make perfume?, How to Make Your Own Floral Perfume, How to Start a flavours Production Business, How to start a fragrance line, How to Start a Perfume Business, How to start a perfume business in India, How to Start a Perfumes Production Business, How to start a successful flavours and perfumes business, How to Start Perfumes and flavours Industry in India, How to start perfumes and flavours making industry?, Indian fragrance & flavour industry, Indian perfume industry, Is perfume business profitable?, List of perfume industry in India, Make Your Own Perfume with Essential Oils, Making Flowers into Perfume, Making perfume, Most Profitable Perfumes and flavours Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in flavours manufacturing industry, New small scale ideas in Perfumes manufacturing industry, Perfume business, Perfume business ideas, Perfume business in India, Perfume business opportunity, Perfume business plan, Perfume business start up
Aromatic plants possess odorous volatile substances which occur as essential oil, gum exudate, balsam and oleoresin in one or more parts, namely, root, wood, bark, stem, foliage, flower seed and fruit. The characteristic aroma is due to a variety of complex chemical compounds. The term essential oil is similar to fragrance or perfumes because these fragrances are oily in nature and they represent the essence or the active constituents of the plants. Essential oils and aroma chemicals constitute a major group of industrial products. These plant materials continue to play positive roles in human life, as sources of modern pharmaceuticals to treat medical problems, as herbs and spices to tempt the palate, and in a multitude of other applications. Demand and trade for these plant materials initiated globalization that spread new ideas and new settlements along with native resentment.
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This topic gives the basic idea of the essential oil, its characteristics, methods available for extraction and where exactly essential oils used in food.
Production of Flavours and Perfumes with FormulationsAjjay Kumar Gupta
Perfumes and Flavours are a harmonious combination of natural and / or synthetic ingredients essential to lend taste and smell to food, pharmaceutical, personal care, fabric care and household care products, pleasing the senses in totality. Supposing Perfumes and flavours are eliminated from use our, life will become dull and boring, not good enough to live. Thankfully, today Perfumes and flavours are present throughout all levels of product right from an expensive one to the cheapest and play an invaluable role by its performance and signal attributes to take care of this emotional need, stimulating as well as calming or relaxing the user. The flavour and Perfumes industry in India is fragmented, with top global players and local players of various sizes competing in the same marketplace.
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Art of flavour-making, Book of flavours with formulations, Book of perfumes with formulations, Business guidance for flavours industry, Business guidance for perfumes industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Essential oil perfume spray, Flavor and Fragrance Market in India, Flavor Formulations, Flavor making Formulas, Flavor Making Small Business Manufacturing, Flavour and fragrance companies in India, Flavour and Fragrance Cosmetics Business, Flavour and Fragrance Industry, Flavouring Formulation, flavours and perfumes manufacturing Business, flavours making machine factory, Flower perfumes, Formulas for Flavours, Formulating a synthetic perfume, Formulation & preparation of flavours, Formulation and Production of Flavour, Formulation of perfume, Fragrance formulas, Fragrance industry in India, Fragrances and Flavours – Opportunities & Challenges, How perfume is made, How to Make a Natural Perfume, How to make perfume from flowers, How to Make Perfume Using Flowers, How to Make Perfume with Essential Oils, How to make perfume?, How to Make Your Own Floral Perfume, How to Start a flavours Production Business, How to start a fragrance line, How to Start a Perfume Business, How to start a perfume business in India, How to Start a Perfumes Production Business, How to start a successful flavours and perfumes business, How to Start Perfumes and flavours Industry in India, How to start perfumes and flavours making industry?, Indian fragrance & flavour industry, Indian perfume industry, Is perfume business profitable?, List of perfume industry in India, Make Your Own Perfume with Essential Oils, Making Flowers into Perfume, Making perfume, Most Profitable Perfumes and flavours Business Ideas, Opening up the future of flavours in India, Perfume aromatics, Perfume business, Perfume business ideas, Perfume business in India, Perfume business opportunity, Perfume business plan, Perfume business start up, Perfume Formulas, Perfume formulations
Essential oils are volatile (quickly evaporating) aromatic fluids extracted from plants through steam distillation, or in the case of citrus fruits through expression (or cold pressing) of the rind to obtain an oil that retains a juicy, fresh fruit scent.
Various extraction methods are used in the manufacture and extraction of essential oils, and the method used is normally dependant on what type of botanical material is being used.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology-Approaches of Traditional Medicine Studies, Traditional use & management of medicinal plants in Asian countries, Application of Ethnobotany to community conservation and medicinal plant resource management
Most of the commercial soaps and detergents contain chemicals that can be harmful to the skin. Using a natural herbal soap and detergents can be a good alternative. Herbal soaps and detergents are made using natural herbs and ingredients that are healthier and beneficial for the skin.
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Application of Detergents, Art of herbal soap making, Ayurvedic Herbal Shampoo manufacturing, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Classification of Soap Products, Cleaners, Composition and Manufacturing of Detergent, Detergent Formulation Consulting In India, Detergent Powder Business, Detergent powder making process, Formulation of Detergents, Formulation of herbal shampoo, Formulations of Synthetic Detergent Powders, Herbal based Hair Shampoo Commercial Business Plan, herbal based shampoo manufacturing process, Herbal Based Soap manufacturing process, Herbal Based Soap Small Scale Industries Projects, Herbal liquid and paste detergents manufacturing, Herbal shampoo formula, Herbal Shampoo Manufacturing Plant, Herbal Shampoo Processing Plant, Herbal Soap and detergent chemistry, Herbal Soap Making, Herbal Soap making Business, Herbal Soap Manufacturing Industry in India, Herbal Soap Manufacturing Process, Herbal Soap Manufacturing Profitable Business Idea, Herbal Soap manufacturing technology book, Herbal Soap, Making Herbal Soap, Herbal Soap Manufacturing, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Business, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Industry in India, Herbal Soaps & Detergents Making Small Business Manufacturing, Herbal Soaps and Detergent Book, Herbal Soaps How to Make Herbal Soaps, Herbal synthetic detergent manufacturing process, How Herbal shampoo is made, How to Make Detergent Powder, How to Make Herbal Shampoo, How to Make Herbal Soap, How to Make Soaps with Herbs, How to make your own herbal Soap, How to manufacture Ayurvedic Herbal Soap, How to Manufacture Detergent and Cleaning Products, How to Manufacture Detergents Powder, How to manufacture herbal shampoo, How to manufacture Herbal soap, How to Manufacture Herbal Soaps and Detergents, How to start a successful Herbal Soaps & Detergents business, How to Start Herbal Soap Manufacturing Industry in India, How to Start Herbal Soaps & Detergents Industry in India, How to Start Herbal Soaps & Detergents manufacturing?, How to Start Herbal Soaps and Detergents Production Business, How to Start Your Own Herbal Soap Business, Indian Soaps & Herbal Soaps, Make Herbal Soap and shampoo, Make Your Own Natural Shampoo, Making Your Own Herbal Hair Shampoo, Manufacture of Herbal Shampoos, Manufacturing of Herbal Synthetic Detergents, Manufacturing process of detergents, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Herbal Soaps and Detergents Manufacturing Business
Herbal perfumes and cosmetics have been into usage from time immemorial and are made using natural herbs and ingredients that are healthier and beneficial for the skin. These are less likely to cause any damaging effect and the radiance they add to the skin. These days a number of beauty products that are using the herbal formulae have got lot of attention and have been witnessing a huge rise in demand not only nationally but on international arena. Bath and beauty products use herbs for both their scents and therapeutic qualities. Herbal products are replacing the synthetics products because of its harsh nature.
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Best essential oils for perfume, Book Herbal Indian Perfumes and Cosmetics, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Essential oil perfume recipes, Extraction of perfumes, Extraction in Perfumery, Formulation of Perfumes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Herbal Cosmetic Small Scale Industries Projects, Herbal cosmetics book, Herbal Cosmetics Handbook, Herbal cosmetics manufacturing in India, Herbal Perfume and cosmetic Business, Herbal Perfume Based Small Scale Industries, Herbal Perfume making machine factory, Herbal Perfume Making Small Business Manufacturing, Herbal Perfume manufacturing Industry in India, Herbal Perfume Processing Projects, Herbal Perfumery book, Herbal Perfumes and Cosmetics manufacturing, Herbal Perfumes manufacturing, How perfume is made, How to Make a Rose and Lavender Perfume, How to Make Herbal Cosmetics, How to make herbal perfume, How to make herbal Perfume Flowers, How to Make Natural Perfume Herbs & Oils, How to Make Perfume Flower Blossoms and Water Method, How to make perfume with essential oils, How to Make Your Own Essential Oils and Perfumes, How to Make Your Own Natural Perfume, How to Make Your Own Oil Based Perfume, How to manufacture Herbal Cosmetics, How to Manufacture Herbal Cosmetics and Perfumes, How to manufacture Herbal Perfumes, How to manufacture Perfumes, How to start a successful herbal Perfume business, How to start herbal Perfume and cosmetic business?, How to start herbal Perfume making Industry in India, How to start herbal Perfume Production Business, Ideas about Fantasy Perfume, Making Herbal Cosmetics, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable herbal Perfume making Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in herbal Perfume manufacturing industry, Perfume Recipe, Perfume manufacturing process, Perfumes Extraction, Distillation and Extraction in Perfumery, Extraction Techniques and Aromatic Materials, Perfume manufacturing techniques, Extraction of perfumes from plant materials, Process technology books, Profitable Small Scale Herbal Perfume Manufacturing, Setting up and opening your herbal Perfume Business, Setting up of Herbal Perfume and Cosmetic Units, Small scale Commercial herbal Perfume making, Small Scale herbal Perfume making Projects
Developing essential oils in Malaysia - A list of potential oils to develop. (This is a 2006 presentation to MIFB Agro-Business Conference, PWTC Kuala Lumpur, July 2006)
Dependent origination as a natural governing lawMurray Hunter
The following paper explains the concept of dependent origination and its place in Buddhist Dharma
(teaching).Dependent origination is then described as a heuristic and discussed in relation to James Lovelock’s
GAIA hypothesis, the solar system, the economic system, the social environment, event phenomena and
entrepreneurial opportunity, consciousness and self concept, and the ethical standpoint.
When there is this, that is
With the arising of this, that arises
When this is not, neither is that
With the cessation of this, that ceases
- Law of Universal Nature
Missed Opportunities: Inward Focus on Domestic Issues and Parochialism May Le...Murray Hunter
Missed Opportunities: Inward Focus on Domestic Issues and Parochialism May Lead to a Start-up Delay or “Watered Down” ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
26. Concretes and Absolutes Volatiles and waxes extracted from plant material with hydrocarbon solvents (usually benzene and hexane) through washing and removal of the volatile solvent with distillation. A waxy aromatic substance remaining is called a concrete. The concrete is washed with alcohol to remove the volatile materials and ethanol removed through vacuum distillation to leave an absolute.
28. Raw Herbs Fresh Consumption Dried Fermented Extracts Medicinal Powders Medicinal Beverages Essential Oils & Other Volatiles Flavour & Fragrance Personal Care & Cosmetics Standardised Extracts Phytopharmaceutical Products Fractions & Isolates Bioactive Compounds Prescription & OTC Drugs Figure 1: The Family Tree of Herb Derivatives Agricultural Application Traditional Herbal Medicines Aromatherapy Enzymes
29. The Biotechnology Pyramid Genomics Fermentation Micro-propagation Mutagenesis Thermodynamic Processes Green Biotechnology Reframed Disciplines White Biotechnology Red Biotechnology Micro-organisms
36. The market size for Natural Raw Material for the Flavor and Fragrance Market is USD650 M Essential Oil Production USD 650 million Fragrance & Flavour Production USD 20 Billion
37. Ratio of Natural to Synthetic Materials Used in the Flavour & Fragrance Industry Essential Oils & Natural Aromatic Materials 13% Synthetic Raw Materials 87%
44. Top Twenty Essential Oils Produced in the World Essential Oil Botanical Name Volume (Tonnes) Under Threat Cosmetics Under Threat Biocides Under threat Fragrance Orange Citrus sinensis 26000 X X Cornmint Mentha Arvensis 4300 Eucalyptus Euc. globulus 3728 X X X Citronella Cym winterianus 2830 X X X Peppermint Mentha piperita 2367 Lemon Citrus limon 2158 X X Euc. Citriodora Eucalyptus citriodora 2092 X X X Clove Leaf Syzygium aromaticum 1915 X X X Cedarwood (US) Juniperus virginiana 1640 Litsea cubeba Litsea cubeba 1005 X X Sassafras (Brazil) Ocotea pretiosa 1000 X X Lime Citrus aurantifolia 973 X X Spearmint Mentha spicata 851 Cedarwood (China) Chamaecyparis funebris 800 Lavandin Lavandula intermedia 768 X X Sassafras (China) Cinnamomum micranthum 750 X X Camphor Cinnamomum camphora 725 Coriander Coriandrum sativum 710 Grapefruit Citrus paradisi 694 X X Patchouli Pogostemom cablin 563 X X
99. Geraniol Trans-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-ol Colourless liquid Stable Applications: Floral and most other perfumes Origin: Rose, Citronella, Geranium and Palmarosa Linalool 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Colourless Liquid Stable Applications: Almost universal application in fragrances, especially floral Origin: Rose, rosewood, Lavender, minor constituent of others
101. The biosynthesis and isomerisation process is undertaken by enzyme from the oil glands of plants in nonoterpene producing species
102.
103.
104. Octenol OH Oct-1-en-3-ol Colourless liquid Stable Strong, fatty, orange like, balsamic Applications: In the reconstruction of lavender and lavindin oils Origin: in some mushrooms and savory oil Citronellol 3,7-Dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol Colourless liquid Stable Applications: used extensively in florals Origin: Rose, citronella oils
105. Islam & Alcohol Ethanol (alcohol) is a ‘spirit’ odour substance It is a different chemical composition to alcohols used in flavour & fragrance Dodecan-1-ol Benzyl Alcohol Spirit alcohol forbidden in Islam for consumption (An-Nahl 16:67), but allowed in medicine.Many Islamic scholars allow it for use on the skin.
116. The Gas Laws Energy can neither be created nor destroyed in any system of constant mass and that heat is energy First Law of Themodynamics Mechanical Equivalent of heat Energy exerts a force to move a mass against the forces of friction i.e., 540 kilocalies of latent heat required to vapourise 1 kilogram of water in one second requires 2268 watts of power Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat cannot be transferred from cooler to hotter body
117. The Gas Laws Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Heat will be conducted from one plane surface to another at a rate proportional to the area of contact and at the magnitude of differential temperatures Boyle’s Law At constant temperatures, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely Proportional to the pressure on the gas Charles’ Law Under constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is proportional To its absolute temperature
118. The Gas Laws Avogadro’s Law Equal volumes of ideal gases under equal conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules All the above laws also apply to mixed vapours
119. Mixed Vapours If two immiscible liquids are in equilibrium with a common vapur space, each will contribute equally to any unit volume of that space. Thus, a mixture of two mutually insoluble liquids will boil when the temperature attains the point where the sum of the two characteristic vapour pressures becomes equal to the surrounding pressure. This is how distillation vapourises relatively high boiling materials under normal atmospheric pressure, without approaching the corresponding boiling temperatures of the essential oil;s constituents.
120. Mixed Vapours Molecules of water vapour a Molecules of water vapour b Liquid water a Liquid oil b Liquid water a Liquid oil b Molecules of water and gas vapour The composition of mixed vapours from immiscible liquids Eg. Water 99.6c Eg linalyl acetate 226c Together at 99.6c
121. The Principal of Essential oil Hydro Distillation The principal of all hydro distillation for the recovery of essential oils consists In bringing together two mutually insoluble liquids, water and oil, at a temperature close To the boiling point of the more volatile of the two, the water, so that the addition Of a small extra vapour pressure from the oil, will cause the mixture’s total pressure To equalise to the surrounding pressure. Dalton’s Law
122. Releasing Oil from Plant Materials In steam distillation water condenses of plant surfaces and latent heat surrounds the material and raises volatile materials to boiling point
123. Releasing Oil from Plant Materials Herb surface Water liquid mixed liquids oil liquids water liquids Vapour phase 98c saturated mixed vapour General vapour space 99c Region of oil vapour elution Method of Oil Release through Putative Impression from Leaves
128. Practice of Distillation Different methods of distillation will be used according to: a) Structure of leaves and other plant materials b) “potential modification” of plant’s chemical constituents to heat c) Some resinous materials not volatile and wont react to distillation
129. Due to material distillation times with differ for various essential oils Lavender Mint
148. Aldehyde C16 (strawberry) Ethyl methyl phenyl glycidate (the methyl ester of methyl phenyl glycidic acid) Odourless liquid Used at low dosage levels for fruity notes in jasmines, lilac, rose and orange flower and as a sweetening agent Not reported in nature
150. Benzaldehyde Colourless Liquid Used in traces for floral fragrances and in higher quantities for industrial fragrances Found in bitter almond, peach, apricot, ylang ylang, cinnamon bark, cassia.
151. Benzyl Salicylate Colourless liquid Used as a solvent for crystaline, musk smelling aroma chemicals, as a blender and fixative for florals Naturally occurs in ylang ylang
152. Cedrol Colourless crystals Powerful odour used as a fixative in soap perfumes and household products Naturally occurs in cedarwood and cypress oils
153. Cinnamyl Alcohol 3-Phenylprop-2-1-ol White crystalline mass or pale yellow liquid Modifier and fixative in rose, hyacinth, lilac, muguet and other florals, particularly for soaps Found in cinnamon leaf oil
154. Coumarin 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid lactone Colourless crystals Used in chypre and fougere fragrances, lavenders and other herbal florals, usally as a fixative Found in Tonka bean absolutes, lavender oils
155. Dihydromyrcenol 2,6-Dimethyloct-7-en-2-ol Slightly coloured yellow liquid Major ingredient in base of citrus fragrances, as a refresher in lilac, lily of the valley and distinction in rose fragrances. Not reported in nature
156. Exaltolide (Firmenich) Colourless crystaline powder or clear liquid Used at very low dosages as a fixative and intensifier of other fragrance notes in fine fragrances Occurs in traces in angelica root oil cyclopentadecanolide 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid ketone
157. Hedione (Firmenich) Methyl dihydrojasmonate Colourless liquid Used extensively in floral fragrances to create radiance and diffusive power. Not reproted in nature
158. Cis -3-Hexenol Cis -Hex-3-en-1-ol (Leaf alcohol) Colourless to slightly green liquid In trace amounts for natral green foliage notes in florals Occurs widely in green leaves and many essential oils
159. Indole Colourless crystals Very lightly in solution as a floral enhancer in jasmines and heavy florals, together with some aldehydic fragrances Occurs in orange flower, jasmine
160. Alpha-Ionone 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one Pale yellow liquid In violet compositions, also rose, as a floraliser. Used to contribute to non-florals to enhance the powdery notes in heliotropes, and vanilla In boronia and cassie absolutes and other essential oils
161. Liliial (Givaudan-Roure) p-tert -Butyl alpha-methylhydrocinnamic aldehyde Colourless to pale yellow liquid Very widely used in florals as a floral fortifier Not reported in nature
162. Methyl Salicylate Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Colourless liquid In synthetic floral compositions, especially Ylang ylang and tuberose. Heavy florals. In trace amounts in light florals. In wintergreen oil, ylang ylang.
163. Phenyl ethyl alcohol 2-Phenylethylethanol Colourless liquid Widely used in florals, especially rose and with aldehydes. In rose oil, neroli, geranium and ylang ylang
164. Vertenex (IFF) P-tert-Butyl cyclohexyl acetate Colourless liquid Modifier, blender and sweetening agent for most perfumes. Not reported in nature
165. Vetiveryl acetate A mixture of bicyclo- and tricyclo- vetiveryl acetates Colourless liquid Effective in chypre, aldehydic and oriental fragrances for lifting and freshening. Also as a fixative. Not reported in nature
189. Threat of New Entrants Threat of competition from new technology (in past from petrochemicals) Bargaining Power Of suppliers Restrictions on The supply of beta-pinene The required feedstock Other producers of geraniol Industry competitiveness Intensity of rivalry Threat of substitutes Possible reformulation with other rose materials eg. Phenyl ethyl alcohol Bargaining power of buyers Concentration of usage into few major compounders strengthen buyer power Adapted from Porter, M. E, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York, Free Press, 1985 Porter’s Five Force Analysis for Gernaiol
198. To Development Process First Stage: Theoretical & Biological Screening Biological Screening Screening For Development Potential To Market Development Linked to all stages Regulatory Screening REACH, BPD, SCP, GRAS, etc
205. Worksheet for Rough Calculation of Financial Viability at Initial Screening Stage 1. Costs of Crop Domestication Can they potential crop be domesticated into field production easily? If not, will biomass be wild-collected? What method would be most suitable for propagation, from seed, cuttings, tissue culture, other? Does nursery propagation of the potential crop require any other special care? What staffing will be required? What would be the approximate costs of achieving the above?
206. 2. Field Preparation and Infrastructure What overall infrastructure will be needed?, nursery, road access, fencing, outbuildings, farming equipment, etc. What land preparation is needed, land levelling and contouring, drainage, etc. Does the crop require large amounts of water to thrive during growth? Is there adequate water available through rainfall to satisfy this? Will irrigation be required? If so, what method? Will dams and catchment areas have to be constructed to ensure a plentiful water supply? What will be the approximate costs of this? Are there any other potential costs?
207. 3. Planting and Maintenance Approximately how long will the crop take from field planting to harvest maturity? How will the potential crop be planted?, manually/automated? What will be the costs involved? What would the approximate planting density be? Will nutrients have to be applied? If so, how regularly?, How much? What method will be used to apply them? What will be the approximate costs of this? How often are re-plantings required? After each harvest, after a number of seasons, after how many years, what are the costs involved to prepare for each re-planting?
208. 4. Harvesting, Extraction and Post Extraction Is harvest timing crucial?, ie, a time of day, a very short window in a particular month, etc What are the costs involved in achieving this harvest window? What method of harvest will be utilised? Manual, semi-mechanised, fully mechanised What would be the approximate costs of building the harvest equipment? What method of extraction will be required? Hydro-distillation, steam distillation, destructive distillation, vacuum distillation, solvent extraction, other What power sources will be utilised? What are their costs? How will spent biomass be dealt with? Does it have any economic value or can it be used back in the farming process? Is the technology understood for the above processes? If not, what will be the costs of acquiring it? What will be the fabrication costs to build the above? What regulations (ie., EPA) are relevant to the processes? And how much will development and compliance cost? Will specialist staff be required? What would the approximate cost of energy to oil yield?
209. 5. Estimated (guessed) Project Size and Yields How many hectares do you anticipate to cultivate? How many years will it take to achieve this? What (based on literature and other knowledge) would be the approximate biomass per hectare achievable? (min. and max. est.) Does the biomass have to be wilted, stored or otherwise processed before extraction? What would be the yield as a percentage of biomass after extraction?
210. 6. Estimated Financial Viability 1. Research costs = 2. Costs of crop domestication = 3. Field preparation and infrastructure costs = 4. Propagation, planting and maintenance costs = 5. Harvesting, extraction & post extraction costs = Total Capital Costs (1+3) = Total operational costs (2+4+5) = Total amount of oil yielded = Total oil value = Value – total operational costs = Return/total capital costs x 100 = Return on investment
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215. Classes, Characteristics and Uses of Essential Oils Adapted from Naf (1989) and Petrzilka (1991) in Hunter (1995)
216.
217. Evaluating the Characteristic Strengths and Weaknesses of Essential Oils The novelty of a new essential oil The major factor determining the novelty is the perceived uniqueness of the essential oil’s organoleptic profile. Thus, the degree of novelty is limited by the closeness of potential substitutes. The concept of novelty extends to essential oils that are more cost effective sources of natural aroma chemicals. New natural sources of aroma chemicals would also fit into this criteria of novelty.
218. The potential uses and applications of a new essential oil Without perfumers and flavourists perceiving applications potential, a new essential oil will remain in the realm of curiosity. Time, effort and imagination on the part of perfumers and flavourists is required to discover useful applications for new essential oils. It is under this criteria that most new essential oils will struggle to find acceptance as a new aromatic material.
219. The closeness of any substitutes It is difficult to find essential oils that cannot be duplicated by reconstitutions. New essential oils with close substitutes are of little value to the flavour and fragrance industry, unless they can offer a significant cost or stability advantage. The only exception is when a new essential oil is a source of a natural aroma material.
220. The Toxicity The cost of proving a new material is safe to use in flavours and fragrances is a major obstacle to the development of new aromatic materials. The industry has an impeccable reputation for self regulation and added EU regulations increases the cost of preparing dossiers on new materials even more. In markets outside the EU, most international flavour and fragrance houses would not consider using a new essential oil unless it meets IFRA safety and toxicity recommendations and is included on the GRAS list.
221. The general consistency of quality and supply Natural material will vary in quality according to geographic origin, type of soil, level of nutrients in the soil, climate and weather, rainfall, time of harvest, season, method of extraction, altitude and the incidence of pests and diseases. Likewise there are risks with continual supply of natural materials because of adverse weather conditions, changes in climate, floods and other natural disasters, wars, political upheavels and the inexperience of new producers. Launching new consumer products require large investments on the part of the end product manufacturer. Flavour and fragrance houses do not want to be placed in a position of being unable to supply a manufacturer with a flavour or fragrance compound because of the unavailability of a raw material.
222. The prevailing market/product trends Market and product trends slowly evolve. Changes in market trends are the result of complex forces, including technology, which makes new trends possible, advertising, and cultural influences upon consumer tastes and preferences. A particular essential oil may become more or less important to the flavour and fragrance industry, depending upon these trends.
223. The current level of technology New technology advances influence the value of existing aromatic materials to the flavour and fragrance industry. The development of new essential oil reconstitutions are aimed at eliminating some of the potential toxicity and solubility problems of existing essential oils. Reconstitutions are generally more stable and cheaper than their more expensive natural counterparts. As better and more cost effective reconstitutions are developed in the future, the use of some essential oils will decline. Since the advent of more sophisticated analytical techniques, like GC-MS, headspace analysis, electronic noses, aroma chemical and specialty product manufacturers have been better able to isolate powerful aromatic molecules from essential oils and synthesise these compounds. The discovery of new aroma chemicals in essential oils due to increased equipment sensitivity is more likely to lead to synthesis rather than cultivation.
224.
225.
226. Second Stage: Development Process Environmental Analysis Evaluation of Capabilities Market Analysis Technical Development Opportunities & Threats Finance, Knowledge, Land Tenure, etc Market, Customers, Options Project Development in the Field Commercialisation Strategies Market Development
239. Lachowicz, K., J., Jones, G., P., Briggs, D., R., Bienvenu, F., E., Palmer, M., V., Ting, S., T., and Hunter, M., Characteristics of Essential Oil from Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Grown in Australia, Journal of Agriculture and Food Technology , Vol. 44, No. 3., 1996, pp. 877-881. Different Major Chemical and Olfactory Profiles of Five Basil Oils Sample Linalool Methylchavical Olfactory Profile India 14.2% 77.5% A grassy herbaceous and mildly spicy predominating note, with a herbaceous subsidiary note; back notes slightly fruity. French 55.3% 10.9% A smmoth fresh and diffusive herbaceous note with harmonized cool anisic and slightly balsamic subsidiary notes and warm woody back notes. Australian 34.3% 34.7% A clean vegetableptype note with a cool herbaceous menthol-like subsidiary note; a green and grassy back note. Seychelles 27.7% 40.2% A sharp diffusive clean grassy herbaceous note, with a fruity anisic subsidiary note and a very slightly camphoraceous back note. Reunion (Australian grown) 3.4% 75.7% A sharp, if not somewhat dry, anisic note; the subsidiary notes were herbaceous with a slight sweet camphoraceous floral back note.
249. Different Major Chemical and Olfactory Profiles of Five Basil Oils Hunter et al, 1996 Sample Linalool Methylchavical Olfactory Profile India 14.2% 77.5% A grassy herbaceous and mildly spicy predominating note, with a herbaceous subsidiary note; back notes slightly fruity. French 55.3% 10.9% A smmoth fresh and diffusive herbaceous note with harmonized cool anisic and slightly balsamic subsidiary notes and warm woody back notes. Australian 34.3% 34.7% A clean vegetableptype note with a cool herbaceous menthol-like subsidiary note; a green and grassy back note. Seychelles 27.7% 40.2% A sharp diffusive clean grassy herbaceous note, with a fruity anisic subsidiary note and a very slightly camphoraceous back note. Reunion (Australian grown) 3.4% 75.7% A sharp, if not somewhat dry, anisic note; the subsidiary notes were herbaceous with a slight sweet camphoraceous floral back note.
267. Overhead Sprinklers Drip Irrigation Capillary Sand Beds Installation cost Moderate Moderate/High High Maintenance Low High High Durability Excellent Low Moderate Labour Low Moderate Low Water Distribution Fair Good Good Water Use Efficiency Poor, wasteful Good Good Pump Requirement Large, high pressure Small, low pressure Small, low pressure Water Volume Requirement Large Small Small Wind Influence Serious None None
273. Selected method often restricted by type of crop Most herbaceous crops can be mowed Many flowers must be hand picked Innovative systems can be designed and developed
277. Selected method often restricted by type of crop Most herbaceous crops can be mowed Many flowers must be hand picked Innovative systems can be designed and developed
332. Tests Required for Original REACH Registration B) Greater than 10MT p.a. Light-stability for polymers Long-term extractivity for polymers Skin irritation (unless classified from Annex V data) Eye irritation (unless classified from Annex V data) In vitro gene mutation assay Acute oral toxicity Acute inhalation or dermal toxicity 28-day (or 90-day) repeat-dose study in the rat (normally oral exposure) Developmental toxicity screening study (OECD 421) Developmental toxicity study Toxicokinetics assessment (a prediction based on the available data) Acute fish toxicity Activated sludge respiration inhibition test Hydrolysis test Adsorption/desorption screening test Plus A) requirements Deadline for Registration 6 years from REACH enacting legislation
333. Tests Required for Original REACH Registration C) Greater than 100MT p.a. Stability in organic solvents and identification of degradants Dissociation constant Viscosity Reactivity to container material In vitro Mutagenicity studies 28-day or 90-day repeat-dose study in the rat (if not part of the Annex VI data) Developmental toxicity studies in two species (if not part of the Annex VI data) Two-generation fertility study in the rat (if there are adverse findings from the 28-day or 90-day studies) 21-day Daphnia reproduction study Chronic fish toxicity study Simulation test on the ultimate degradation in surface water Soil simulation test Sediment simulation test Fish bioaccumulation study (unless there is a low predicted bioaccumulation potential, e.g. from Log PoW < 3) Further adsorption/desorption study 14-day earthworm toxicity Study of the effects on soil micro-organisms Short-term toxicity to plants Plus A) and B) requirements Deadline for Registration 3 years from REACH enacting legislation
338. Old clove distillation works, Zanzibar before eugenol was classified as R36-43. Subsequently became derelict!
339.
340. Top Twenty Essential Oils Produced in the World Essential Oil Botanical Name Volume (Tonnes) Under Threat Cosmetics Under Threat Biocides Under threat Fragrance Orange Citrus sinensis 26000 X X Cornmint Mentha Arvensis 4300 Eucalyptus Euc. globulus 3728 X X X Citronella Cym winterianus 2830 X X X Peppermint Mentha piperita 2367 Lemon Citrus limon 2158 X X Euc. Citriodora Eucalyptus citriodora 2092 X X X Clove Leaf Syzygium aromaticum 1915 X X X Cedarwood (US) Juniperus virginiana 1640 Litsea cubeba Litsea cubeba 1005 X X Sassafras (Brazil) Ocotea pretiosa 1000 X X Lime Citrus aurantifolia 973 X X Spearmint Mentha spicata 851 Cedarwood (China) Chamaecyparis funebris 800 Lavandin Lavandula intermedia 768 X X Sassafras (China) Cinnamomum micranthum 750 X X Camphor Cinnamomum camphora 725 Coriander Coriandrum sativum 710 Grapefruit Citrus paradisi 694 X X Patchouli Pogostemom cablin 563 X X
342. Perfume Brief Type of product Market Positioning Price range Dosage Expectations Cost range Product manufacturing methods Shelf life Lead time
343. Fragrance Attributes Features Benefits Signal Attributes Base Cover Impact Odour Profile Malodour Counteractant Substantivity Ingredients Eg essential oils Tangible Benefits Pleasant Fragrance Lasting Fragrance Offensive Odour Cover Intangible Benefits Romance Well-Being Caring Security Lifestyle Association Strength Performance Variant Indicator of Use Life Status Freshness Structure of Attributes for a Fragrance in a Product
352. Comparison of the Industrial and Biological Models of Agriculture Industrial Model Community Model Energy Intensive Information Intensive Linear Process Cyclical Processes Farm as a Factory Farm as an Ecosystem Enterprise Separation Enterprise Integration Single Enterprise Many Enterprises Monoculture Diversity of Plants and Animals Low-Value Products Higher Value Products Single Use Equipment Multiple Use Equipment Passive Marketing Active Marketing
355. Rose Oil ( Rosa damascena) Rose alcohols, methyleugenol, beta-damascenone and (-)-cis-rose oxide Produced in Bulgaria, Turkey, Morocco, Thailand, India, China major constituents: (-)-citronellol, certain specific paraffines, geraniol and nerol, phenethyl alcohol, and methyleugenol . Others (-)-cis-rose oxide , beta-damascenone , beta - ionone, 1-p-menthen-9-al, and rose furan (340 other constituents) Method of Extraction: Hydro-distillation of flowers
356. Rosemary Oil ( Rosmarinus officinalis) (+)-borneol, (+)-bornyl acetate, (+)-camphor, (+)-alpha-terpineol, (+)-verbenone and 1,8-cineole Method of Extraction: Steam distillation of flowering tops Produced in Spain, Morocco and Tunisia Major Constituents : (+)- Borneol, (+)- verbenone , (+)- Alpha - pinene, (+)- bornyl acetate, (+)- camphor and 1,8-cineole
357. Acacia Absolute ( Acacia decurrens var. dealbata (Mimosaceae) 2-hydroxyacetophenone Origin: Eastern Australia Major Constituents: 2-hydroxyacetophenone Method of Extraction: Solvent extraction
358. Agarwood ( A quilaria agallocha) karanones in Agarwood Origin: Western Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos Constituents: multitude of oxygenated sesquiterpenes Method of Extraction: infect with a mould, react by producing an aromatic resin, oil extracted by supercritical CO2 from the oleoresin
359. Ambrette seed Oil Abelmoschus moschatus 5(Z)-tetradecen-14-olide ambrettolide Major Constituents: macrocyclic musks 5 ( Z )- tetradecen-14-olide and 7(Z)-hexadecen-16-olide, also called ambrettolide
360. Basil Oil Ocimum basilicum estragol, eugenol, methyleugenol and methyl cinnamate linalool, 1,8-cineole and caryophyllene Major constituents: linalool and methylchavicol (estragol), eugenol, methyleugenol, methyl cinnamate, 1,8-cineole, caryophyllene Extraction method: Steam Distillation
361. Bay Leaf Oil Pimenta racemosa chavicol, eugenol and myrcene Main Constituents: chavicol, eugenol and myrcene Method of Extraction: Steam Distillation Origin: West Indies
362. Beeswax Absolute phenylacetic acid and methyl phenylacetate Main Constituents: phenylacetic acid and methyl phenylacetate and lower esters (multitude of other odourants) Method of extraction: extraction of the beeswax with ethanol followed by evaporation, yielding around 1 % of absolute useful for creating honeyed flower nuances in luxury perfumes
363. Benzoin Resin Styrax benzoin , S . tonkinensis coniferyl benzoate and cinnamyl cinnamate Produced mainly in Asiatic countries such as Indonesia, Sumatra, Java, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. Two varieties of benzoin gums exist in the trade: benzoin gum Siam from S. tonkinensis and benzoin gum Sumatra from S. benzoin coniferyl benzoate (65-75 %), p-coumaryl benzoate (10-15 %), cinnamyl cinnamate (styracine) (0.5-6%) , benzoic acid (12 %), siaresinolic acid (6 %) and vanillin (0.3 %).Cinnamyl cinnamate has a mild, soft and very tenacious balsamic-floral odour. However, the odour of the balsam is influenced by minor amounts of volatile constituents like benzaldehyde and methyl benzoate. Benzoin gum Sumatra is richer in cinnamates, cinnamic acid and styrene Method of extraction: Distillation
364. Buchu leaf Oil Agathosma betulina 'sulphur-terpenoids' from buchu leaf Origin: South Africa Extraction: Steam distillation of the leaves Major Constituents:menthone and isomenthone, diosphenol, limonene, pulegone and isopulegone . constituents responsible for the characteristic black currant odour are p - menthane-8-thiol-3-one ( mercapto - menthone ) and its S - acetate ( ca . 3 %).
365. Boronia Absolute Boronia megastigma examples of boronia odorants derived from carotene: beta-ionone, 3a-hydroxymegastigm-7(E)-ene-9-one and megastigm-7(E)-ene-3,9-dione Production: Tasmania, Australia Method of Extraction: The flowers are extracted with petroleum ether, yielding a waxy concentrate after evaporation. The concentrate is then extracted with alcohol, chilled, filtered and finally evaporated at reduced pressure (Rota-Vapor).
366. Coriander Oil Coriandrum sativum 2(E)-decenal and 2(E)-dodecenal (+)-linalool Main constituents: The green leaves have a powerful and penetrating, 'aldehydic' aroma dominated by 2-alkenals, e.g. 2(E)-decenal and 2(E)-dodecenal , (+)-linalool Method of Extraction: Steam Distillation
367. Cedarwood Oil ( Cedrus atlantica) atlantone cedrol and cedrene Origin: USA and China Main Constituents: 30 % of (+)- cedrol, alpha - cedrene and other sesquiterpenes used for the synthesis of advanced odorants of the 'precious - woody' and ambery type
368. Michellia Champaca Origin: India and China (some in Thailand) methyl benzoate and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene from champak headspace Identified Constituents: Methyl benzoate, phenethyl alcohol, phenylacetonitrile, indole and methyl anthranilate, along with sesquiterpenes, e . g . ( E,E )- alpha - farnesene, constituted the body of the headspace . Moreover, ionones, e . g . dihydro - beta - ionone, ( Z )- methyl - epi - jasmonate, a number of aromatic esters, etc . , have been identified in extracts from the flowers Method of extraction: Solvent Extraction
369. Clove Oil ( Syzygium aromaticum) Bud eugenol, eugenyl acetate caryophyllene Origin: Madagascar, Zanzibar and Indonesia (Limited) The fragrant buds contain about 20 % essential oil . Eugenol ( ca . 80 %) , eugenyl acetate and caryophyllene are the major constituents . Extraction Method: Steam Distillation
370. Lavender Oil ( Lavandula angustifolia) (-)-linalool, (-)-linalyl acetate (-)-lavandulol and (-)-lavandulyl acetate True lavender oil is steam distilled from the freshly cut flowering tops and stalks of Lavandula angustifolia The classical cultivation area is in the Haute Provence region in France at an altitude of 600-1500 m, where this species grows naturally . The distillation takes place at small local distilleries, collectively producing around 100 t yearly . Today, however, L. angustifolia is grown for oil production in several countries . (-)-( R )- linalool ( 35 %) and its acetate ( 40 %) are the most important constituents of lavender oil . (-)-( R )- lavandulol and its acetate are characteristic, as well as 1-octen-3-yl acetate . More than 300 components have been identified, among them a number of sesquiterpenoids and a multitude of odour - determining trace constituents . Coumarin makes itself conspicuous in particular from the withered flowers
371. Lemon Oil ( Citrus limon) citral 3,7-dimethyl-2(E),6- octadienal (+)-limonene Lemons are cultivated primarily for their juice . Italy is one of the major exporters . Lemon juice is rich in citric acid and vitamin C ( ascorbic acid ) and is used in cooking for its freshness and sourness . However, the characteristic lemon flavour is due to the essential oil of the peel and is dominated by the aldehyde citral ( geranial + neral, ~ 5 %) combined with smaller amounts of linear aliphatic aldehydes ( C7-C13 ). As with most citrus oils, (+)- limonene is by far the major component ( ~ 65 %) Method of extraction: Expression or steam distillation
372. Lemongrass Oil ( Cymbopogon citratus) citral geranial : neral = 4 : 1 main constituent of lemongrass oil is citral ( 75 %) , present as a 4:1 mixture of geranial, 3,7-dimethyl-2 ( E ) ,6-octadienal, and neral, 3,7-dimethyl-2 ( Z ) ,6-octadienal The development of newer synthetic methods in terpene chemistry has made these oils less important
373. Ginger Oil ( Zingiber officinale) citral, beta-sesquiphellandrene, zingeberene, and gingerols/shogaols The fresh ginger rhizome is a versatile ingredient of the far eastern cuisine, and is now commonly used in most of the world. Its flavour is lemony-balsamic and its taste is medium hot.The lemony character of fresh ginger is due to citral. Major components of the essential oil are the sesquiterpenes beta-sesquiphellandrene and zingiberene. The 'sharp' constituents, causing the burning sensation on the mucous membranes, are substituted phenols (gingerols/shogaols) Extraction Method: Steam Distillation Origin: Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, China
374. Massoia Bark Oil ( Cryptocarya massoy) Origin: New Guinea and Irian Jaya Highlands Massoia bark has a sweet, coconut-like aroma and is steam distilled to yield massoia bark oil. The bark is obtained by cutting the tree at the base, making circular incisions at one meter intervals, lifting the bark off and allowing it to dry. Each tree yields on average 65 kg of air dried bark. C-10 massoia lactone C-12 massoia lactone Extraction: hydro - distillation of the bark, heartwood and fruits of the massoia tree afford pale yellow - coloured oils in 0.7, 1.2 and 1.0 % yields, respectively Constituents: C-10 massoia lactone, or 5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, (65-68 %), and the C-12 massoia lactone, or 5,6-dihydro-6-heptyl-2H-pyran-2-one, (17-28 %), while the major fruit oil constituent is benzyl benzoate (68%)
375. Nutmeg (mace) Oil ( Myristica fragrans) (+)-sabinene, (+)-1-terpinen-4-ol safrole, myristicin and elemicin Oil consisting of approximately 90 % terpenes, with sabinene, alpha- and beta-pinene, and 1-terpinen-4-ol as major components. However, a number of phenol ethers play a decisive role for the overall fragrance, three of them are above. Production: Indonesia Extraction Method: Hydro Distillation
376. Pandanus Oil ( Pandanus odoratissimus) phenethyl methyl ether pandanol Origin: native of South East Asia and is much cultivated on the Indian East Coast The flowers are hydro-distilled to yield a 'kewda attar phenethyl methyl ether ( pandanol) (38 %), together with terpinen-4-ol (19 %), alpha-terpineol (8 %) and phenethyl alcohol (7 %) [79]. Phenethyl alcohol and its derivatives are common odorants in flowers
377. Orange Oil Sweet ( Citrus sinensis) (all-E)-alpha-sinensal 2,6,10-trimethyl-2(E),6(E),9(E), 11-dodecatetraenal (+)-limonene Major Contstituents: (+)-limonene is the major component, but the distinctive fresh sweetness from the orange peel is mainly due to the sesquiterpene aldehyde sinensal, especially the isomer (all-E)-alpha-sinensal, whose odour detection threshold is as low as 0.05 ppb. Orange oil, obtained by cold-pressing of the peels, is made in several countries in conjunction with orange juice production.
378. Patchouli Oil ( Pogostemon cablin) (-)-patchoulol and norpatchoulenol Obtained by steam distillation under pressure or CO2- extraction of the dried leaves Patchouli is mostly grown in Indonesia There are no synthetic equivalents of the patchouli scent. Main Constituents: (-)-patchoulol (30-40 %). However, it is maintained that norpatchoulenol, present in only 0.3-0.4 %, is playing a principal part in the overall odour picture.
379. Pepper Oil ( Piper nigrum) (+)-3-carene piperine Main producer: Sarawak, Malaysia Main Constituents: The pepper seeds contain avolatile oil and the non-volatile compound piperine, the latter being responsible for the burning effect on the mucous membranes.Also, cyclic monoterpenes with 3-carene as the major component (around 35 %). Moreover, a number of hitherto unidentifiedsesquiterpenes probably contribute to its character. Extraction: Steam Distillation of the crushed seeds
380. Peppermint Oil ( Mentha piperita) (-)-menthol, (-)-menthyl acetate, (-)-menthone and (+)-menthofurane Origin: USA, China, India and Australia The main component of peppermint oil is (-)-menthol (ca. 50 %) followed by (-)-menthone (ca. 20 %) and(-)-menthyl acetate (ca. 10 %). A characteristic of peppermint oil is the high content of (+)-menthofurane (ca. 3 %, sometimes much higher) and a number of specific sesquiterpenes, one of them viridiflorol. Extraction Method: Steam Distillation
381. Petitgrain Oil ( Citrus aurantium) (-)-linalyl acetate (-)-linalool trace constituents from petitgrain oil Method of Extraction: Steam distillation of the leaves (-)-Linalyl acetate and (-)-linalool in the proportion 2:1 make up about 80 % of the oil, but a great number of trace constituents, a few of which are shown above, contribute to its special character Azzaro pour Homme (Azzaro 1978). Origin: Paraguay
382. Shitake Mushrooms ( Lentinus edodes) lenthionine Main Flavour Constituent: 1,2,3,5,6- pentathiepane, called lenthionine
383. Star Anise ( Illicium verum) (E)-anethole shikimic acid anisatin Vietnam and southern China Main component (80-90 %) is (E)-anethole and (E)-anethole Steam distillation
384. Vanilla ( Vanilla planifolia) vanillin and a vanilla vitispirane fruits ('beans' or 'pods') are harvested before they ripen, but the powerful vanilla flavour only develops after a several months of special curing. The beans are spread in the sun in the morning, then covered and kept enclosed during the night. After a while the green beans turn brown, and the glycosidically bound vanillin is slowly liberated. Vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is by far the major odorant from vanilla, but several additional aroma compounds are formed during the curing process (more than 100 are identified). Guaicol, creosol, acetovanillone, vanillyl alcohol and methyl salicylate seem to be of importance, together with vitispiranes Production: West Indies, Madagascar and Bali
385. Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata) benzyl acetate (ca. 25 %), p-cresyl methyl ether (ca. 20 %), methyl benzoate (ca. 5 %), methyl salicylate, cinnamyl acetate, (-)-linalool (ca. 15 %), geranyl acetate (ca. 10 %) , farnesyl acetate (ca. 3 %), as well as a number of other sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives, e.g. muurolol T (ca. 2 %) Extraction Method: Steam distillation of the flowers Origin: Indonesia, Madagascar
386. Jasmine Absolute ( Jasminum grandiflorum) (-)-jasmine lactone, (Z)-jasmone, (-)- and (-)-epi-methyl jasmonate. benzyl acetate, p-cresol and indole . J. sambac (Z)-3,4-epoxyhex-1-yl acetate and trans-2-ethyl-3-acetoxy-tetrahydrofurane from Arabian jasmine, J. sambac Egypt is the main producer, but demand islowering. In recent years reconstructed oils have been available, almost identical with the natural product, but at a much lower prize. Extraction Method: Solvent extraction
387. Melaleuca bracteata Source of Aromatic Ethers that can Assist in Relieving Plant Stress Cultivates Well in Thailand Rapidly Growing Market 1,8-cineole A-terpineol Methyl eugenol
388. Artemisia annua A source of artemisinin for treatment of malaria World Shortage Straight forward cultivation
389. Backhousia citriodora (Lemon Myrtle) High Investment to Expand Industry in Australia Strong Demand as an Ingredient for tea Good Crop to Grow in Most Parts of Thailand Citral (geranial 51.43 % and neral 42.12 % )
390. Eucalyptus citriodora Good Monsoon Crop Easy to Cultivate Oil is a bi-product Excellent & High Valued Hard Wood One year for oil 10 years for timber Percentage of oil yields is 0.9 %. citronellal (88.62%), β-pinena (0.16%), 1, 8-cineol (0.32%), 5-hepten (0.14%), linalool (0.12%), citronellol (0.52%), isopulegol (0.33%), 3- cyclohexanol (3.66%)and β-citronellol (0.52%).
392. Geranium ( pelargonium species) Potential High Value Boutique Crop Good for Hilly Terrain Citronellol, andgeraniol, which occur in different proportions according to the origin of the oil. Both Bourbon and North African-types contain unusual high quantities of (-)-citronellol, isomenthone and monoterpene formates. However they can be distinguished by the presence of different constituents such as guaia-6,9-diene in Bourbon oil and 10-epi-[gamma]-eudesmol in the African-type. The Chinese oil is similar to Bourbon-type, having higher content of citronellol (+40%) and lower content of Iinalool and geraniol (1,3). Distillation or solvent extraction of the dried leaves
394. Tea Tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia) No Stable Production Forecast Shortage Potential Downstream Suitable All Areas Few Pest & Disease Issues Small or Large Scale Production Established Market
395.
396. Tea Tree: Economics (1 st Year) Estimated Profit (Establishment Year Ha) Assumptions: Yield: 200kg/Ha. Price USD 40/kg (BHT1360/kg) Revenue= BHT 272,000 Estimated Costs Amount Nursery BHT20,000 Planting BHT5000 Maintenance BHT5000 Harvesting & Distillation BHT20,000 Total Cost BHT50,000 Net Profit First Year: BHT222,000 Net Profit First Year (If Organic): BHT 766,000
397. Tea Tree: Economics (2 nd Year) Estimated Profit (Establishment Year Ha) Assumptions: Yield: 300kg/Ha. Price USD 40/kg (BHT1360/kg) Revenue= BHT 408,000 Estimated Costs Amount Planting BHT5000 Maintenance BHT5000 Harvesting & Distillation BHT20,000 Total Cost BHT30,000 Net Profit 2nd Year: BHT378,000 Net Profit 2nd Year (If Organic): BHT 1,194,000
398. Tea Tree: Economics (Subsequent Years) Estimated Profit (Establishment Year Ha) Assumptions: Yield: 450kg/Ha. Price USD 40/kg (BHT1360/kg) Revenue= BHT 612,000 Estimated Costs Amount Planting BHT5000 Maintenance BHT5000 Harvesting & Distillation BHT35,000 Total Cost BHT45,000 Net Profit 3rd Year: BHT 567,000 Net Profit 3rd Year (If Organic): BHT 1,791,000
419. Illustration of Lily of the Valley Fragrances from 19 th Century and Today 19 th Century Tuberose extract 21oz Jasmin extract 3oz Rose extract 2oz Orange flower extract 2oz Spirit of rose 2oz Essence of vanilla 2oz Ylang ylang No.1 1/2 oz Bergamot oil 1/2 oz Bois de rose extract 1/4oz Present Hydroxycitronellal 35.0 Rhodinol 18.0 Linalool 14.5 Phenyl ethyl alcohol 12.0 Geraniol 4.5 Di methyl benzyl cabinal acetate 4.5 Amyl cinnamic aldehyde 3.6 Lilial (Givaudan) 2.0 Iso eugenol 0.5 Phenylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal 0.2 Benzyl benzoate 4.2 Indole (10% solution DPG) 1.0 Addition of aroma chemicals and proprietary specialties
420. Emerging Fragrance Trends Sophisticated Red Fruits Pomegranate, redcurrant, raspberry leaves Red Fruit will go darker Blackcurrant, blackberry, black rose and black plum Gourmand notes Chocolate replacing vanilla as a base, brown sugar Milky notes Milk, milky coconut More specific exotic fruit Passionfruit, star fruit, kiwi, guava, litchi sorbet instead of pineapple, and coconut Pink pepper New spicy note Oriental influences Tea (red tea and green tea), ginger and bamboo for herbal notes based on oriental influences Chocolate, mango and musk black
421. USA Asian Influence Sesame, wasabi, ginger, noodle and Asian cabbage Indian Influence Fruit, spice and toasted nuts, chutney, quince pear, roasted coriander, pistaschio,almond & walnut Blue and goat cheese Mexico Tarmarind, squash flowers, huitlacoche (corn mushroom), portobello mushroom, duck meat North America Cuisines with most potential for growth Mediterranean influence Indian influence Middle East influence Slow Food Europe Fusion style Thai, Indonesian, Vietnamese influences Contemporary cuisine Mediterranean influence Exotic combinations South America Fusion style Thai/Chinese Western/Chinese Indonesian/Thai American/Mediterranean Italian French Asia/Pacific
422. Emerging Processed Food Flavour Trends Exotic Infusions A spicy kick of lemongrass, curcuma, pepper, coriander, ginger, basil, cardamom, cinnamon, oregano Red Pleasures Strawberry, cranberry, pomegranate, roobos, greengage, rhubarb, plum, blood orange, cherry variants, black current, huckleberry Black Health Black tea, black vinegar, black sesame seeds, black soybeans, black rice, black sugar, malt Botanical Power Honeysuckle, lavender blossom, elderflower, hibiscus, sunflower blossom, rose Attracting Opposites Spicy/mild, sweet/sour, hot/cold, fire/ice Ethnic Revival Traditional tastes and flavours, African hibiscus, Japanese cherry blossom, or Maroccan kumquat Flavour Migration Different categories start to mingle, desert drinks, coffee, cocktails
427. Considerations in Developing Fragrances for Laundry Products Loss of perfume materials from a detergent powder after storage at room temperature in a cardboard container
428. Diffusion Constants of Some Perfume Materials Through High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) from a Methanol Solution at 23c
429. Benefits and Technologies in Cleaning Clothes Problem Dirty Clothes Hand Washing Automatic local Washer/Dryer Launderette Machine Dry Cleaners Electrical Technology Solvents Washing Powders Fabric Conditioners Benefit Clean Clothes Laundry Powders Liquid Detergents
430. Demographics of Odour Communication Perfumery Marketing Mix Cleanliness Softness Citrus Lemon Herbal Green Psychological Association Objective: to reinforce the belief of the consumer in the desired and projected image of the product Synergy with product presentation: packaging, colour, advertising, corporate image Product Differentiation
432. What is this the formula of? Part 1 3.50 ml orange oil 1.00 ml lemon oil 1.00 ml nutmeg oil 1.25 ml cassia oil 0.25 ml coriander oil 0.25 ml neroli oil 2.75 ml lime oil 0.25 ml lavender oil 10.0 g food-grade gum arabic 3.00 ml water Part 2 2.00 tsp. Flavouring formula 20g coca leaf extract 20g cola extract 5 g vanilla 3.50 tsp. 75% phosphoric acid 2.28 l water 2.36 kg plain granulated white table sugar 0.50 tsp. caffeine 30.0 ml caramel colour 500 ml lime juice Part 3 Mix parts 1 & 2 together and then add 1:5 parts of water and carbonate.
434. Phurua, Loei Province The system of extraction uses a new family of benign non-CFC gaseous solvents (R134a) 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethylene Producing Rose oil, jasmin grandiflorum and sambac, champaca, ylang ylang, frangipani. Selling to Europe and US markets Coffee Extract Tuberose