Passive solar systems utilize natural means like building materials and design to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling. They include direct gain systems using windows to let sunlight in for floor/wall storage, thermal storage walls behind south-facing glazing, attached sunspaces with storage walls, and thermal storage roofs with water bags or ponds that absorb heat from the sun. Passive systems provide heating and cooling without mechanical equipment by integrating solar design into the building structure and envelope.
Residential Case Studies of Passive Strategiesaiahouston
This document summarizes a presentation about passive design strategies for homes in hot humid climates like Texas. It provides examples of over a dozen case studies of homes designed by the presenter to utilize passive strategies like shading, ventilation, thermal mass, and daylighting to reduce energy usage and increase comfort. Owners of these passive homes reported rarely needing to use mechanical cooling or heating except when entertaining guests. The presentation aimed to teach architects the importance of passive design and demonstrate that approaches beyond conventional wood frame construction can create sustainable, resilient homes.
Passive cooling techniques utilize natural heat sinks and airflow to cool buildings without mechanical devices. They include natural ventilation using wind and stack effects to circulate air, shading to block solar heat gain, wind towers to induce airflow, courtyards that circulate rising hot air, earth air tunnels that use constant underground temperatures, evaporative cooling through water evaporation, and passive downdraft systems that cool air flowing over water. Properly incorporating passive cooling strategies can significantly reduce cooling loads in buildings and improve occupant comfort.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
This document summarizes solar passive architecture techniques for designing energy efficient buildings. It discusses the aims of minimizing energy use and promoting renewable resources. The methodology involves researching passive features and case studies. Passive design uses natural heating and cooling through elements like south-facing glass, thermal mass, and cross ventilation. Historically, the Greeks and Romans designed cities and homes to maximize winter sun exposure. Case studies from India demonstrate current applications of passive solar techniques.
Gardens by the Bay is a 101 hectare nature park in Singapore consisting of three waterfront gardens - Bay South, East, and Central. It was designed to transform Singapore into a "City in a Garden" and includes 18 towering Supertrees, 2 giant conservatories housing plants from around the world, and heritage gardens reflecting Singapore's culture. The largest Bay South Garden covers 54 hectares and is organized like an orchid, with the conservatories as roots and theme gardens as blooms. The Supertrees provide scale while functioning as vertical gardens with over 162,900 plants and lighting displays.
This document provides an overview of India's Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2017. Some key points:
- The ECBC was enacted by the Government of India to promote energy efficiency in building design and construction. It applies to commercial buildings over a certain size.
- Buildings are categorized based on their energy performance as ECBC, ECBC+, or Super ECBC. Minimum requirements are set for building envelopes, HVAC, lighting, and other systems.
- The code aims to reduce energy consumption and environmental emissions through efficient building design. Compliance is expected to spur markets for energy efficient products and improved design practices.
electric plan distribution design for large campus building Somesh Siddharth
The document discusses guidelines for electric distribution and substations in large campuses. It provides recommendations for voltage levels used for different maximum load capacities. It also includes diagrams of an existing main receiving substation and proposed additional substations. Key considerations for substation locations include being above flood levels and having direct street access. Safety guidelines are provided for oil-filled equipment based on fire risk. Dry type transformers that reduce combustible materials are preferable for upper floors or basements.
Residential Case Studies of Passive Strategiesaiahouston
This document summarizes a presentation about passive design strategies for homes in hot humid climates like Texas. It provides examples of over a dozen case studies of homes designed by the presenter to utilize passive strategies like shading, ventilation, thermal mass, and daylighting to reduce energy usage and increase comfort. Owners of these passive homes reported rarely needing to use mechanical cooling or heating except when entertaining guests. The presentation aimed to teach architects the importance of passive design and demonstrate that approaches beyond conventional wood frame construction can create sustainable, resilient homes.
Passive cooling techniques utilize natural heat sinks and airflow to cool buildings without mechanical devices. They include natural ventilation using wind and stack effects to circulate air, shading to block solar heat gain, wind towers to induce airflow, courtyards that circulate rising hot air, earth air tunnels that use constant underground temperatures, evaporative cooling through water evaporation, and passive downdraft systems that cool air flowing over water. Properly incorporating passive cooling strategies can significantly reduce cooling loads in buildings and improve occupant comfort.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
This document summarizes solar passive architecture techniques for designing energy efficient buildings. It discusses the aims of minimizing energy use and promoting renewable resources. The methodology involves researching passive features and case studies. Passive design uses natural heating and cooling through elements like south-facing glass, thermal mass, and cross ventilation. Historically, the Greeks and Romans designed cities and homes to maximize winter sun exposure. Case studies from India demonstrate current applications of passive solar techniques.
Gardens by the Bay is a 101 hectare nature park in Singapore consisting of three waterfront gardens - Bay South, East, and Central. It was designed to transform Singapore into a "City in a Garden" and includes 18 towering Supertrees, 2 giant conservatories housing plants from around the world, and heritage gardens reflecting Singapore's culture. The largest Bay South Garden covers 54 hectares and is organized like an orchid, with the conservatories as roots and theme gardens as blooms. The Supertrees provide scale while functioning as vertical gardens with over 162,900 plants and lighting displays.
This document provides an overview of India's Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2017. Some key points:
- The ECBC was enacted by the Government of India to promote energy efficiency in building design and construction. It applies to commercial buildings over a certain size.
- Buildings are categorized based on their energy performance as ECBC, ECBC+, or Super ECBC. Minimum requirements are set for building envelopes, HVAC, lighting, and other systems.
- The code aims to reduce energy consumption and environmental emissions through efficient building design. Compliance is expected to spur markets for energy efficient products and improved design practices.
electric plan distribution design for large campus building Somesh Siddharth
The document discusses guidelines for electric distribution and substations in large campuses. It provides recommendations for voltage levels used for different maximum load capacities. It also includes diagrams of an existing main receiving substation and proposed additional substations. Key considerations for substation locations include being above flood levels and having direct street access. Safety guidelines are provided for oil-filled equipment based on fire risk. Dry type transformers that reduce combustible materials are preferable for upper floors or basements.
This document discusses passive cooling techniques for buildings that do not require energy usage. It introduces passive cooling as preventing heat gain or removing heat without energy consumption. Specific passive cooling techniques covered include ventilation cooling using cross ventilation and stack ventilation to move air, nocturnal radiation cooling by releasing heat at night, evaporative cooling by evaporating water, and radiative cooling using cool roofs. The advantages of passive cooling are reducing equipment costs, maintenance needs, and energy consumption while improving indoor thermal comfort.
Teri, bangalore & solar passive techniques(rupesh)Rupesh Chaurasia
The document summarizes the green building features of TERI's campus in Bangalore. The campus utilizes passive design principles to maximize natural lighting, ventilation and minimize energy usage. Key features include an optimized building orientation, ample fenestrations for cross ventilation, skylights, green roofs, solar panels, rainwater harvesting and use of local sustainable materials. Passive design strategies like earth air tunnels help regulate indoor temperature passively.
This document discusses principles of passive solar design for cooling buildings. It defines passive design as design that takes advantage of climate to maintain comfortable temperatures without mechanical heating or cooling. Key passive cooling strategies mentioned include building orientation, ventilation, shading, insulation, and thermal mass. The document provides details on these strategies and how they can be applied differently depending on climate type, such as hot humid, hot dry, or temperate climates. It also discusses design elements like roof ventilation, glazing selection and shading, and passive cooling of both buildings and occupants.
The need for vernacular mud huts of Ranchi to re-adapt in response to the cha...Janmejoy Gupta
presented at conference in SPA BHOPAL in Dec 2015...on vernacular architecture...
under the sub-head....Adaptation and innovation in Techniques of Construction for the Future of Vernacular Architecture.
Passive Home Training Module for Architects and PlannersLeonardo ENERGY
The document discusses passive house standards and strategies for achieving thermal comfort in buildings. It provides an overview of building energy consumption in Europe and passive systems used in traditional architecture. It then discusses the Passivhaus standard, which aims to limit space heating energy use and ensure indoor comfort. The standard has been successfully applied to over 8,000 buildings in central Europe. The document considers how the Passivhaus principles and quality requirements could be adapted for warmer climates in southern Europe through strategies like passive cooling.
Retreat (Resource Efficient TERI Retreat for Environmental Awareness and Trai...Soumi Bera
The document describes the Retreat building in Gurgaon, India, which was designed by TERI as a model of sustainable habitat that incorporates various renewable energy technologies. Key features include a 10.7 kW solar PV system, solar water heating, an underground earth tunnel system for passive cooling and heating, and biomass gasifiers that provide most of the building's power. The building requires 40-50% less energy than a conventional building of the same size due to its passive and active sustainable design features.
This document discusses concepts and methods for daylighting buildings. It begins by stating that daylight is a renewable source of light that can save energy and create a comfortable environment when utilized for interior lighting. It then describes various daylighting design methods like the use of skylights, clerestories, light shelves, and building orientation. The document also notes some challenges of daylighting like increased heat gain and potential for glare. It provides guidance on daylighting design for different climates.
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
Natural lighting, also called daylighting, is the controlled admission of natural light into buildings to reduce electricity usage. An effective natural lighting system considers building orientation, fenestration design, glazing ratio and specifications, window height and location, overhead lighting like skylights, and daylight redirection devices. Benefits of natural lighting include occupant satisfaction, comfort, health, reduced electricity usage, and decreased internal heat gain. Factors like sun angles, daylight factor, and principles of effective natural lighting help maximize the potential of natural lighting in buildings.
The document is a report submitted by a group of students for their Building Services 1 course. It discusses the integration of solar energy in buildings. The report contains 12 sections that cover topics like the history of solar energy, different solar energy technologies like photovoltaics and solar thermal, types of solar panel installations, and a case study of Mont-Cenis Academy which utilizes photovoltaic panels. The document provides detailed information on active and passive solar systems as well as the components, applications, advantages and disadvantages of various solar energy options for building integration.
It is a literature case study, which consist of two parts. 1st half covers the introduction of hot and dry climate and design factors that we consider while designing in hot and dry areas. And 2nd part consist of litrature case study of building "SANGATH - An Architect’s Studio, Ahmedabad By B.V. Doshi".
This document discusses energy efficient building envelopes from the perspective of the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India. It covers factors like opaque walls, insulation materials, vision glass, fenestration, shading, air leakage, and building envelope sealing. It then discusses the advantages of using glass and glazing systems, including faster construction, increased floor area, and predictable behavior. Key performance factors for glass like heat gain, U-value, and light transmission are explained. The document also covers daylighting strategies and their effect, as well as strategies to control heat gain like coatings, fritting, and louvers. ECBC compliance requirements for glass and window-to-wall ratios in different climate zones are summarized
Manipal University Jaipur has been awarded LEED Platinum Certificate & Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) award for water management.
This document discusses passive building envelope design strategies to protect buildings from the sun. It begins with defining the building envelope and its components such as walls, floors, roofs, and fenestrations. Passive design is then differentiated from active design, with examples of passive techniques provided. Such techniques include building orientation, form, solid building components like double roofs and green roofs, and fenestration design with shading. Specific passive strategies are outlined for roofs, walls, and facades. The next lecture topic on thermal insulation in buildings is previewed.
A case study that covers analysis on architecture in cold and dry climatic regions like Leh and Ladakh with the help of illustrations and design solutions like the south overhang.
The druk white lotus school presentationRajdeep Dhar
The Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India utilizes sustainable design principles to provide high-quality education. The design addresses the harsh climate with traditional local materials, passive solar strategies like trombe walls, and on-site water collection. Buildings are arranged around a central courtyard according to mandala and key concepts, combining education and spirituality. The school has received several awards for its sustainable design and contributions to the community.
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
The document discusses the history and various techniques of passive solar heating systems. It describes how ancient Greeks and Romans designed houses to maximize sunlight exposure for warmth. Passive solar techniques discussed include direct gain, indirect gain like Trombe walls, and using thermal mass materials like masonry to store heat. Elements of passive solar design like apertures, absorbers, and distribution of heat are also outlined. Active solar systems that use pumps or fans to circulate heated fluids or air are compared to passive systems.
This document discusses passive cooling techniques for buildings that do not require energy usage. It introduces passive cooling as preventing heat gain or removing heat without energy consumption. Specific passive cooling techniques covered include ventilation cooling using cross ventilation and stack ventilation to move air, nocturnal radiation cooling by releasing heat at night, evaporative cooling by evaporating water, and radiative cooling using cool roofs. The advantages of passive cooling are reducing equipment costs, maintenance needs, and energy consumption while improving indoor thermal comfort.
Teri, bangalore & solar passive techniques(rupesh)Rupesh Chaurasia
The document summarizes the green building features of TERI's campus in Bangalore. The campus utilizes passive design principles to maximize natural lighting, ventilation and minimize energy usage. Key features include an optimized building orientation, ample fenestrations for cross ventilation, skylights, green roofs, solar panels, rainwater harvesting and use of local sustainable materials. Passive design strategies like earth air tunnels help regulate indoor temperature passively.
This document discusses principles of passive solar design for cooling buildings. It defines passive design as design that takes advantage of climate to maintain comfortable temperatures without mechanical heating or cooling. Key passive cooling strategies mentioned include building orientation, ventilation, shading, insulation, and thermal mass. The document provides details on these strategies and how they can be applied differently depending on climate type, such as hot humid, hot dry, or temperate climates. It also discusses design elements like roof ventilation, glazing selection and shading, and passive cooling of both buildings and occupants.
The need for vernacular mud huts of Ranchi to re-adapt in response to the cha...Janmejoy Gupta
presented at conference in SPA BHOPAL in Dec 2015...on vernacular architecture...
under the sub-head....Adaptation and innovation in Techniques of Construction for the Future of Vernacular Architecture.
Passive Home Training Module for Architects and PlannersLeonardo ENERGY
The document discusses passive house standards and strategies for achieving thermal comfort in buildings. It provides an overview of building energy consumption in Europe and passive systems used in traditional architecture. It then discusses the Passivhaus standard, which aims to limit space heating energy use and ensure indoor comfort. The standard has been successfully applied to over 8,000 buildings in central Europe. The document considers how the Passivhaus principles and quality requirements could be adapted for warmer climates in southern Europe through strategies like passive cooling.
Retreat (Resource Efficient TERI Retreat for Environmental Awareness and Trai...Soumi Bera
The document describes the Retreat building in Gurgaon, India, which was designed by TERI as a model of sustainable habitat that incorporates various renewable energy technologies. Key features include a 10.7 kW solar PV system, solar water heating, an underground earth tunnel system for passive cooling and heating, and biomass gasifiers that provide most of the building's power. The building requires 40-50% less energy than a conventional building of the same size due to its passive and active sustainable design features.
This document discusses concepts and methods for daylighting buildings. It begins by stating that daylight is a renewable source of light that can save energy and create a comfortable environment when utilized for interior lighting. It then describes various daylighting design methods like the use of skylights, clerestories, light shelves, and building orientation. The document also notes some challenges of daylighting like increased heat gain and potential for glare. It provides guidance on daylighting design for different climates.
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
Natural lighting, also called daylighting, is the controlled admission of natural light into buildings to reduce electricity usage. An effective natural lighting system considers building orientation, fenestration design, glazing ratio and specifications, window height and location, overhead lighting like skylights, and daylight redirection devices. Benefits of natural lighting include occupant satisfaction, comfort, health, reduced electricity usage, and decreased internal heat gain. Factors like sun angles, daylight factor, and principles of effective natural lighting help maximize the potential of natural lighting in buildings.
The document is a report submitted by a group of students for their Building Services 1 course. It discusses the integration of solar energy in buildings. The report contains 12 sections that cover topics like the history of solar energy, different solar energy technologies like photovoltaics and solar thermal, types of solar panel installations, and a case study of Mont-Cenis Academy which utilizes photovoltaic panels. The document provides detailed information on active and passive solar systems as well as the components, applications, advantages and disadvantages of various solar energy options for building integration.
It is a literature case study, which consist of two parts. 1st half covers the introduction of hot and dry climate and design factors that we consider while designing in hot and dry areas. And 2nd part consist of litrature case study of building "SANGATH - An Architect’s Studio, Ahmedabad By B.V. Doshi".
This document discusses energy efficient building envelopes from the perspective of the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India. It covers factors like opaque walls, insulation materials, vision glass, fenestration, shading, air leakage, and building envelope sealing. It then discusses the advantages of using glass and glazing systems, including faster construction, increased floor area, and predictable behavior. Key performance factors for glass like heat gain, U-value, and light transmission are explained. The document also covers daylighting strategies and their effect, as well as strategies to control heat gain like coatings, fritting, and louvers. ECBC compliance requirements for glass and window-to-wall ratios in different climate zones are summarized
Manipal University Jaipur has been awarded LEED Platinum Certificate & Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) award for water management.
This document discusses passive building envelope design strategies to protect buildings from the sun. It begins with defining the building envelope and its components such as walls, floors, roofs, and fenestrations. Passive design is then differentiated from active design, with examples of passive techniques provided. Such techniques include building orientation, form, solid building components like double roofs and green roofs, and fenestration design with shading. Specific passive strategies are outlined for roofs, walls, and facades. The next lecture topic on thermal insulation in buildings is previewed.
A case study that covers analysis on architecture in cold and dry climatic regions like Leh and Ladakh with the help of illustrations and design solutions like the south overhang.
The druk white lotus school presentationRajdeep Dhar
The Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India utilizes sustainable design principles to provide high-quality education. The design addresses the harsh climate with traditional local materials, passive solar strategies like trombe walls, and on-site water collection. Buildings are arranged around a central courtyard according to mandala and key concepts, combining education and spirituality. The school has received several awards for its sustainable design and contributions to the community.
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
The document discusses the history and various techniques of passive solar heating systems. It describes how ancient Greeks and Romans designed houses to maximize sunlight exposure for warmth. Passive solar techniques discussed include direct gain, indirect gain like Trombe walls, and using thermal mass materials like masonry to store heat. Elements of passive solar design like apertures, absorbers, and distribution of heat are also outlined. Active solar systems that use pumps or fans to circulate heated fluids or air are compared to passive systems.
The document discusses passive solar building design. It begins by noting that population growth and urbanization have increased energy consumption. About 35-40% of energy is used by buildings, mostly for heating. The rest of the document discusses various passive solar design elements that can be used to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating buildings in winter and cooling in summer. These include south-facing windows, thermal mass materials, shading devices, and thermal storage walls like Trombe walls. The benefits of passive solar design are reducing energy consumption and heating/cooling costs.
This document discusses passive solar building design techniques to reduce energy consumption from heating. It describes how passive solar buildings are designed to allow winter sun to enter and heat the building using elements like south-facing windows and thermal mass materials that absorb and slowly release heat. Specific passive solar techniques discussed include direct gain, indirect gain, day lighting, thermal storage walls, water walls, radiant panels, and skylights. The document explains how these different passive design elements work to efficiently heat buildings using natural solar energy without mechanical systems.
Passive solar architecture utilizes building materials, design, and orientation to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling without mechanical or electrical devices. It involves designing windows, walls, and floors to maximize solar gain in winter and minimize it in summer. Techniques include direct gain, indirect gain through thermal mass walls or roof ponds, and isolated gain. The goal is to provide thermal comfort year-round while reducing energy costs. Passive solar cooling also employs natural ventilation strategies like operable windows, wing walls, and thermal chimneys to draw in breezes without mechanical assistance.
Different physical processes for providing thermal comfort for passive buildings include solar radiation, long‐wave radiation exchange, radiative cooling, and evaporative cooling. Solar radiation and radiative cooling are the processes used for both thermal heating and cooling purposes
This document discusses passive solar heating techniques for buildings, including direct gain, indirect gain, and isolated gain systems. It provides details on different types of direct gain systems and thermal storage walls, such as Trombe walls and water walls, that use indirect solar heating. Key components and design considerations are outlined for various passive heating approaches, along with diagrams illustrating how they function. Case studies are also mentioned of buildings that have implemented passive and active solar heating techniques.
The document discusses building envelopes and energy conservation in buildings. It defines a building envelope as the outer shell that maintains indoor climate control. Properly designing, constructing, and maintaining the building envelope prevents air and water infiltration. The purposes of the building envelope include water resistance, air flow control, and serving as a thermal envelope. Passive solar systems operate without external devices by using solar energy captured through windows. Active solar systems use collectors and storage to capture solar heat and transfer it within a building. The document also discusses types of energy used in commercial buildings and embodied energy in building materials and construction processes. Building automation and management systems aim to efficiently control building operations and reduce energy consumption and costs.
This document discusses passive design strategies for buildings in cold climatic zones. It provides information on passive heating, cooling, and design elements like solar orientation, thermal mass, insulation, and ventilation. It then summarizes two case studies: the Himurja building in Shimla, which uses features like air heating panels, double glazed windows, and solar energy systems, and the MLA Hostel in Shimla, which incorporates strategies such as solar orientation, insulation, sunspaces, and innovative heating systems.
Passive solar design uses natural sunlight and the sun's energy to heat and cool buildings with minimal use of mechanical and electrical devices. Key elements of passive solar design include apertures like south-facing windows to collect sunlight, thermal mass materials like masonry walls and floors to absorb and store heat, and passive methods to distribute stored heat like natural convection. Different passive solar techniques include direct gain, indirect gain using elements like trombe walls, isolated gain, and passive solar cooling methods involving shading, natural ventilation, and thermal mass.
Passive heating utilizes building design and orientation to heat buildings without energy consumption. It works by allowing sunlight to enter through apertures like windows, where it is absorbed by dark surfaces and transferred to thermal mass materials that store the heat. Common passive heating techniques include direct solar gain, thermal mass walls, and Trombe walls, which use glazing, high mass materials, and solar orientation to collect, store, and distribute solar heat within a building. Apertures, shading, and other design elements must be implemented intelligently to take advantage of winter sunlight while avoiding overheating in summer months.
This document discusses various passive solar cooling techniques that do not require mechanical systems like fans or pumps. It focuses on solar control through shading to prevent sunlight from hitting buildings. Natural ventilation through proper window placement and stack effect is also discussed. Other techniques include evaporative cooling using water features, radiational cooling at night by exposing buildings to clear night skies, and ground cooling by burying or partially burying buildings underground.
This document discusses passive solar systems for heating homes. It defines passive solar heating as using solar energy through windows, skylights, and mass walls to provide heating without pumps or fans. It then describes different types of passive solar systems like direct gain, thermal storage walls, sunspaces, and thermal storage roofs. For each system, it provides details on components, design considerations, advantages, and precautions. The document emphasizes that passive solar design must balance solar gains in winter with eliminating unwanted gains in summer.
Antonio y francisco castillo solar energypilarmgarre
This document discusses different types of solar energy technologies. It describes thermal solar energy, which converts sunlight into heat using solar panels and collectors. It also describes photovoltaic energy, which converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic modules. The document then provides more details on thermal and photovoltaic energy technologies and how they work. It also discusses passive solar design techniques, including direct gain and indirect solar gain, to utilize the sun's energy for heating and cooling buildings.
The document discusses the principles and techniques of passive solar design, which aims to provide thermal comfort in buildings by harnessing solar energy through architectural design features like building orientation, thermal mass, sunspaces, and shading without mechanical systems. These passive design strategies use natural ventilation and materials like masonry floors and walls to collect, store, and distribute solar heat in winter and reject it in summer for environmentally friendly space heating and cooling. Elements of passive design include apertures to collect sunlight, thermal mass to absorb and store heat, and control mechanisms to regulate solar gain seasonally.
Passive heating systems collect, store, and redistribute heat without mechanical devices like fans or pumps. There are three main types: direct gain uses south-facing windows to heat interior thermal mass, Trombe walls use a dark wall behind glass to store heat for release at night, and sunspaces/solar rooms are isolated greenhouses attached to buildings for heat collection and optional use as living space.
Passive cooling is a design approach that focuses on controlling heat gain and dissipating heat without energy usage. It involves preventing heat entry, storing heat in thermal mass, and releasing heat at night. Key techniques include site design for climate/wind, solar shading, insulation, natural ventilation like cross/stack ventilation, night flushing to release stored heat, radiative cooling of roofs at night, evaporative cooling using water, and coupling buildings to cooler earth temperatures underground.
Passive solar, passive cooling and daylightinglaneycollege
This document discusses the history and principles of passive solar design. It explains that passive solar design has been used since ancient times to heat buildings using sunlight without mechanical systems. Key aspects of passive solar design include apertures to admit sunlight, thermal mass to store heat, and distribution of stored heat. The document also covers passive cooling techniques like shade trees, overhangs, and natural ventilation. Daylighting strategies are discussed as well, such as skylights and clerestories, which provide natural light while reducing energy use. The overall goal of passive design is to efficiently use sunlight and natural ventilation to provide thermal comfort in an environmentally friendly way.
Thermal Storage Wall or Thrombe Wall (prototype model)Prachurya Sarma
The document describes the design and testing of a thermal storage wall. The team members constructed a prototype wall using plywood, thermocol for heat storage, glass, black fins, and an exhaust fan. Testing showed that the temperature inside the wall increased over the course of the day, rising several degrees above the ambient temperature. The wall provides passive solar heating and could benefit cold areas in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
Thermal Storage Wall or Thrombe Wall (prototype model)
Solar
1. Stills are designed to operate with water in them, if they are left dry for a
period of time they may suffer serious damage. It is also necessary to
clean the transparent cover periodically to maintain high transmittance of
solar radiation.
Passive Solar House Heating and Cooling
For solar heating of space, solar energy is to be collected, stored and
distributed properly in the space to be heated. In active solar space
heating system, the solar energy is collected using some kind of solar
energy collectors. Solar energy may stored in sensible heat storage
materials, in latent heat storage materials or in chemical reactions; and
the energy is redistributed in the space using electrically operated pumps
and fans using radiators, etc.
On the other hand in passive solar heating systems all the three functions
of solar energy collection, storage and distribution are done by natural
means and generally, no electrical or mechanical power and electronic
controls are used. In the passive heating system, various elements of the
buildings like walls, roof, windows, partitions, etc. are so selected and so
architecturally integrated that they participate in the collection, storage,
transportation and distribution of thermal energy. Thus in passive solar
house heating system the building becomes an ‘energy machine’ and its
structural and architectural details become integral parts of the
components of the energy system. Passive heating of buildings are
classified as follows:
Direct gain
Thermal storage wall
Attached sunspace
Thermal storage roof
54
2. Direct gain
Figure 3.26 shows the simplest passive solar heating concept where the
following concepts are employed.
Summer sun
Overhang roof line
Winter
Sun
Double Glazed
Window
Direct access to
winter radiation
Storage mass in
floor, walls and
roof
Figure 3.26 Direct gain passive solar heating system
A double glazed window facing south or the entire south facing wall is
double glazed through which direct radiation in winter enters and
strikes the floor, walls or other objects in the room. Almost, all the
solar radiation entering the room is converted into useful heat. The
heat loss from the room is reduced by using a double glazed window.
An appropriate overhang above the windows or at the roof level for the
case where south wall is glazed shades the window or the wall during
55
3. summer when the elevation of the sun is high. Adequate movable
insulation may be used to reduce heat losses during night.
The floor and / or wall are made massive to increase the thermal mass
which helps in storing the heat during daytime when sufficient heat is
available and releasing the same during night time, thereby reducing
the large variations in the room air temperature. To avoid overheating,
the size of the storage is fairly large.
If some kind of thermal insulation is used to cover the windows during
periods (night) for which heat loss is more than heat gain, then the
performance can be further improved.
Thermal storage wall
In spite of heavy thermal mass provided in the direct gain type passive
heated rooms, there are still large variations in the room air temperature.
A more effective way of heating the rooms and reducing the large
oscillations in the room air temperature is the use of a thermal storage
wall between the double glazing (facing south) and the room. Figure 3.27
shows the thermal storage wall passive solar heating system. In this
category the following concepts are employed.
The entire south facing wall is covered by one or two sheets of glass or
plastic with some air gap between the wall and the inner glazing. In this
air gap, hot air moves from bottom to top generally due to natural
convection.
A south facing thermal storage wall made of masonry or concrete with
the outer side facing the sun is blackened. The solar radiation after
penetration through the glazing and wall gets heated, rises and enters
the room through the upper vent while the cool air from the room
enters in this gap through the bottom vent. This circulation continues
till the wall goes on heating the air. The flow of heat in the room can be
changed by adjusting the air flow through dampers provided at the
56
4. inlet and outlet vents. The room is also heated by convection and
radiation from the inner surface of the wall facing the room. Thus, this
thermal storage wall collects stores and transfers the heat to the room.
This wall is also known as Trombe wall. By suitably designing the
glazing and the thermal storage wall, it is possible to get air
temperature difference between glazing and absorber upto 60°C.
°
In some cases the thermal storage wall is made up of drums or barrels
or other suitable containers full of water, stacked over each other
instead of masonry or concrete to collect, store and distribute the heat
and is termed as water wall or drum wall
Overhang roof line
Summer sun
Damper to be opened in summer
to remove excess heat
Warm air to house
Winter
sun
Convection
Double Radiation
Glazing
Air Masonry wall
space
Return cold air
Figure 3.27 Trombe wall or Thermal mass wall
57
5. Attached greenhouse (Sunspace)
Solar
radiation
Storage wall
Convection
Double
Glazed Radiation
enclosure
Zone I Zone II
Sunspace Living room
Figure 3.28 Attached green house (Sunspace)
passive solar heating
In this passive solar heating approach the concepts of direct and indirect
gain (thermal storage wall) are combined as shown in Figure 3.28.
There is sunspace (zone I) on the extreme south facing side of the
house covered with single or double layers of glass or plastic sheets
which functions like a green house and can be used either for growing
vegetables or flowers and as a sunny space for living. In the attached
green house there is a large air temperature swing. In summers, the air
temperature in the greenhouse may be very high and therefore, large
vents for air circulation may be used. In some cases heat storage
materials and movable insulation are used in this sunspace or
greenhouse.
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6. There is a thermal storage wall facing south in between the room (living
space, zone II) and greenhouse (sunspace zone I). The thermal storage
wall gets heated by direct absorption of solar radiation coming through
the greenhouse transparent cover. The living room gets heated through
convection and radiation heat transfers from the thermal wall. The heat
loss from the thermal wall to the outside in this case is low because of
the presence of a greenhouse which is further reduced by using a
movable insulation over the walls of the sunspace.
The attached greenhouse or glass house can be integrated into a
building in several ways such as: as an attached green house; as one,
two or three sided integrated lobby; as two storied solarium, as a
climatic envelope such as glass covered courtyard or as a stair case.
Thermal storage roof
The thermal storage roof concept for passive solar heating was developed
by Hay and Yellot in Arizona and is similar to the thermal storage wall
except that the interposed thermal storage mass is on the building roof
instead of a wall. This concept uses the following components:
A metal roof which conducts the heat effectively
Water bags made of transparent or black plastic sheet and filled with
water or any other massive material are put over the metal roof. In
winters, during day time when sun is shining, the water in the bags
gets heated, stores the heat and heats the room below during day time
as well as night time when sun is not shining
Movable insulating shutters are used over the water bags. In winters,
during off sunshine hours these insulating shutters are slid over the
bags, reducing heat loss from the water bags to the outside. During
daytime when sun is shining the insulating shutters are pulled back
allowing the solar radiation to fall on the water bags. Thus, the water
bags keep the room warm in winter during day and night.
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7. Movable insulation
cover during night
SUN
No insulation
cover during day
Night
Day
Roof thermal pond
Metal roof
Hot water
heats building Masonry wall
Figure 3.29 Thermal storage roof (Heating during winter)
The same thermal storage roof system can be used for cooling the room
in summer as shown in Figure 3.30 by simply reversing the process. In
this case the insulating shutters are pulled back during night time
allowing the cooling of water bags and roof by thermal radiation heat
loss to the outside resulting in cooling the room. During daytime, the
shutters are slid over the water bags avoiding the heating of water bags
from direct sunshine. The cool water mass keeps the room below cool
during day and at night
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8. Movable insulation
cover during day
SUN No insulation
Reflected cover at night
heat
Day
Night
Roof thermal pond
Metal roof
Chilled water
cools building Masonry wall
Figure 3.30 Thermal storage roof (Cooling during summer)
Similar to the water bag on the roof, roof pond system in which water is
stored on the roof known as skytherm system can be employed. Here
also, movable insulation plays a significant role and its thermal
resistance is kept as 2 m°C/W. The depth of water is kept as 20 cm.
°
There are several configurations of roof pond system such as: glazed
or unglazed ponds with water in bags, glazed or unglazed ponds with
reflectors, flooded ponds, etc.
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