The document lists the main parts of a transformer as: metallic core, tank, on load tap changer, bushings and terminals, radiator wings/cooling tubes, breather, Buchholz relay, explosion valve, winding, holding frame, and control panel. It provides descriptions of some of the parts.
Heat exchangers allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. The main types are shell-and-tube, plate, air-cooled, and spiral. Shell-and-tube exchangers consist of tubes in a shell and are the most common, used across many industries. Plate exchangers use corrugated plates clamped together with gaskets to direct fluid flow. Spiral and air-cooled exchangers provide alternatives for applications where fouling is a problem.
1. The document discusses different types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, air cooled, plate and frame, double pipe, and jacketed vessels.
2. It provides details on shell and tube heat exchangers including tube layout patterns, tube sheet configurations, shell constructions, and the role of baffles and bypass prevention.
3. Key considerations in heat exchanger design are discussed such as tube arrangement, multi-unit connections, and the impact of bypass streams on effectiveness.
The document summarizes various reciprocating engine components, including:
- The crankshaft which converts reciprocating motion to rotational motion to drive the propeller.
- Pistons made of aluminum alloy with rings to provide a seal in the cylinder.
- Connecting rods which link the piston to the crankshaft.
- The camshaft which uses lobes to open and close the valves via other components like lifters and pushrods.
The document summarizes key reciprocating engine components. It describes how the crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotation to drive the propeller. It also discusses the cylinder head, barrels, valves and valve train including camshafts, lifters, pushrods and rocker arms that control airflow into and out of the cylinders. The crankcase houses and supports these components to transfer power from the pistons.
Heat exchangers transfer or exchange heat from one medium to another and come in several types. The main types discussed are shell-and-tube, air-cooled, double-pipe, plate-and-frame, and fin-fan coolers. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most commonly used in industry and can have a fixed or floating tube sheet design. Fouling, scaling, and leaks are common problems that reduce efficiency, while cleaning methods include water jets, chemicals, or mechanical scraping. Regular maintenance includes scaffolding, inspection, cleaning, testing, and repairs to minimize issues.
Leveraging on our 4 decades of industry experience and services of expert workforce, we "Micro Precision Products Pvt. Ltd.", are successfully producing a wide range of precision engineered products like industrial valves, needle valves, valve manifolds, industrial valve manifolds, flow nozzle assemblies, forged flanges and many others. Further, our in depth knowledge of the involved processes also assist us to offer these with customized changes as per work specific demands of our clients.
this presentation explains the engine components and 4 stroke cycle engine operations. it also includes other activities that might help the students in understanding the 4 stroke cycle engine operation.
Piping and Instrument Diagram
Piping and Instrument Diagram Standard Symbols Detailed Documentation provides a standard set of shapes & symbols for documenting P&ID and PFD,
including standard shapes of instrument, valves, pump, heating exchanges, mixers, crushers, vessels, compressors, filters, motors and connecting shapes.
Heat exchangers allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. The main types are shell-and-tube, plate, air-cooled, and spiral. Shell-and-tube exchangers consist of tubes in a shell and are the most common, used across many industries. Plate exchangers use corrugated plates clamped together with gaskets to direct fluid flow. Spiral and air-cooled exchangers provide alternatives for applications where fouling is a problem.
1. The document discusses different types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, air cooled, plate and frame, double pipe, and jacketed vessels.
2. It provides details on shell and tube heat exchangers including tube layout patterns, tube sheet configurations, shell constructions, and the role of baffles and bypass prevention.
3. Key considerations in heat exchanger design are discussed such as tube arrangement, multi-unit connections, and the impact of bypass streams on effectiveness.
The document summarizes various reciprocating engine components, including:
- The crankshaft which converts reciprocating motion to rotational motion to drive the propeller.
- Pistons made of aluminum alloy with rings to provide a seal in the cylinder.
- Connecting rods which link the piston to the crankshaft.
- The camshaft which uses lobes to open and close the valves via other components like lifters and pushrods.
The document summarizes key reciprocating engine components. It describes how the crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotation to drive the propeller. It also discusses the cylinder head, barrels, valves and valve train including camshafts, lifters, pushrods and rocker arms that control airflow into and out of the cylinders. The crankcase houses and supports these components to transfer power from the pistons.
Heat exchangers transfer or exchange heat from one medium to another and come in several types. The main types discussed are shell-and-tube, air-cooled, double-pipe, plate-and-frame, and fin-fan coolers. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most commonly used in industry and can have a fixed or floating tube sheet design. Fouling, scaling, and leaks are common problems that reduce efficiency, while cleaning methods include water jets, chemicals, or mechanical scraping. Regular maintenance includes scaffolding, inspection, cleaning, testing, and repairs to minimize issues.
Leveraging on our 4 decades of industry experience and services of expert workforce, we "Micro Precision Products Pvt. Ltd.", are successfully producing a wide range of precision engineered products like industrial valves, needle valves, valve manifolds, industrial valve manifolds, flow nozzle assemblies, forged flanges and many others. Further, our in depth knowledge of the involved processes also assist us to offer these with customized changes as per work specific demands of our clients.
this presentation explains the engine components and 4 stroke cycle engine operations. it also includes other activities that might help the students in understanding the 4 stroke cycle engine operation.
Piping and Instrument Diagram
Piping and Instrument Diagram Standard Symbols Detailed Documentation provides a standard set of shapes & symbols for documenting P&ID and PFD,
including standard shapes of instrument, valves, pump, heating exchanges, mixers, crushers, vessels, compressors, filters, motors and connecting shapes.
It is Allah who controls the seas so that ships may sail upon them and people benefit from His bounties and be grateful. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps and non-positive displacement (dynamic) pumps such as centrifugal pumps. Centrifugal pumps come in various configurations like vertical pumps with two stages for higher discharge used as fire pumps, and vertical pumps with double suction and single discharge for lower discharge used as ballast pumps.
The document describes the basic parts of an internal combustion engine. It lists 33 main parts, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, manifold, flywheel, bearings, and other core components. It provides a brief description of the function of each part and how they interact to convert fuel combustion into rotational motion.
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most common type of heat exchanger, consisting of tubes in a shell. Heat is transferred from the hot fluid inside the tubes to the cooler fluid outside without direct contact between the fluids. Other major types include double-pipe exchangers, plate and frame exchangers, and air-cooled exchangers. Spiral heat exchangers provide an alternative for applications where fouling is a problem due to their long, spiraling flow paths.
The document discusses the key components of an internal combustion engine and the 4-stroke cycle. It describes the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankshaft, piston and piston rings, connecting rod, bearings, flywheel, and valve train as the main components. It then explains the 4 strokes of the engine cycle: the intake stroke where air/fuel mixture enters; compression stroke where the mixture is compressed; power stroke where combustion provides energy; and exhaust stroke where burned gases exit. The 4 strokes occur sequentially in each cylinder, with all cylinders completing a stroke simultaneously so pistons work together like steps on an engine.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one fluid to another without direct contact between the fluids. The most common type is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which consists of tubes in a shell container. Fluids flow inside the tubes and outside in the shell. Other key types include double-pipe exchangers, plate-and-frame exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, and spiral exchangers. Spiral exchangers have two fluids spiraling in opposite directions to enhance heat transfer.
The document discusses the major components of steam turbines, including the casing, nozzles, blades, rotor, bearings, governors, and safety devices. It describes the functions of key parts like the nozzle, blades, governors, and oil pumps. It also classifies steam turbines based on the method of steam expansion, flow direction, final pressure, number of stages, and pressure. The document provides information on standards, parameter ranges, troubleshooting, and starting procedures for steam turbines.
The document provides information about thermal engines and steam generation units. It discusses internal combustion engines and their main components. It also covers classifications of internal combustion engines and comparisons between internal combustion engines and steam engines. Additionally, it describes the Cochran boiler and Babcock and Wilcox boiler, including their components, working principles, and applications. Finally, it discusses the functions of boiler mountings and accessories such as safety valves, pressure gauges, and economizers.
The document discusses valve and seat service for engines. It covers valve types and materials, testing valve springs, and refacing or replacing valve seats. Key steps include checking valve springs for squareness and force, diagnosing issues like carbon deposits, and addressing high-velocity seating.
Steam boilers are closed vessels that produce steam from water through fuel combustion. They are used to power steam engines and turbines or for heating. Key boiler components include the shell, furnace, and mountings. Accessories like economizers and superheaters improve efficiency. Boilers require safe containment of water and delivery of steam at the desired pressure and quality. Common boiler terms are defined and the purposes of accessories and mountings like pressure gauges and fusible plugs are described.
This document provides an overview of shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes the basic components and design types, including fixed tubesheet, U-tube, and floating head exchangers. Various header, shell, and baffle configurations are defined according to TEMA nomenclature standards. Geometric options like tube layout, baffle type, and heat transfer enhancement devices are also discussed. Selection criteria for shell and tube exchangers consider factors like accessibility, thermal expansion capabilities, pressure handling, and cost.
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
Generator description for Tosiba manufacturer.pptahmedmagdy161992
The document discusses the generator for a steam turbine system. It describes the generator construction including the stator, rotor, bearings, cooling systems, and monitoring instruments. It also covers inspection and maintenance of the generator components. The document contains detailed diagrams and explanations of the various generator parts and systems.
This document summarizes the major mechanical and electronic components of an automatic transmission, what each component does, and what to look for to identify issues. The mechanical components include the torque converter, transmission case, front pump, valve body, shift valves like the governor and throttle valve, clutch drums and packs, bands, one-way clutches, planetary gears. The electronic components include solenoids, sensors for output shaft speed, input shaft speed, and brake application status. For each component, the document lists signs of damage or abnormal operation to inspect.
This document provides information about Terofox Valves Integrated Corp., a Taiwanese valves manufacturer. It outlines their product offerings including ball valves in various designs, materials, pressure ratings and end connections. It describes their quality management system and certifications. The document also provides diagrams to illustrate blow-out proof stem and anti-static device designs, as well as API607 fire safe design. Manufacturing procedures are outlined showing steps from casting to final inspection and packaging.
This Presentation is about the basic fundamentals one needs to know to begin Piping Engineering. All the basic formulas and questions that are usually asked in interviews are answered in this presentation. Feel free to ask any doubts in the comments and iI may try my best to answer them for you.
Tinita Engineering Pvt. Ltd.�established in 1996 with the motto of�"Customer Satisfaction Through Quality"�is an ISO 9001: 2000 accredited company located in TTC Industrial Area, Rabale, Navi Mumbai. This dramatic development in this highly competitive field is attained by the dedication to work, immediate response to all kinds of customers and through timely delivery of the products.
The document describes various engine parts, including their composition, function, and construction. It discusses cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and propeller gearing. The key components work together to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotating motion that drives the propeller.
The document discusses the HP/LP bypass system used in thermal power stations. The bypass system allows live steam from the boiler to bypass the turbine and be dumped into the condenser. This allows the boiler to continue operating during turbine trips or startup before the turbine is up to temperature. It comprises HP and LP bypass valves, spray valves, and other components. The bypass system cuts startup time, allows boiler operation during trips, and helps match boiler and turbine temperatures for efficient operation.
This document discusses valve basics and automation. It defines a valve as a flow interrupting mechanical device with an inlet, outlet, and working element. The working element can be rotary, like a ball or disc, or linear. Valve size, design, application pressure, media, flow rate, and speed of operation all affect torque requirements. Automating valves with actuators increases power, reduces costs, improves safety, and allows remote operation. Actuators power the movement of a valve's closure element.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
It is Allah who controls the seas so that ships may sail upon them and people benefit from His bounties and be grateful. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps and non-positive displacement (dynamic) pumps such as centrifugal pumps. Centrifugal pumps come in various configurations like vertical pumps with two stages for higher discharge used as fire pumps, and vertical pumps with double suction and single discharge for lower discharge used as ballast pumps.
The document describes the basic parts of an internal combustion engine. It lists 33 main parts, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, manifold, flywheel, bearings, and other core components. It provides a brief description of the function of each part and how they interact to convert fuel combustion into rotational motion.
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most common type of heat exchanger, consisting of tubes in a shell. Heat is transferred from the hot fluid inside the tubes to the cooler fluid outside without direct contact between the fluids. Other major types include double-pipe exchangers, plate and frame exchangers, and air-cooled exchangers. Spiral heat exchangers provide an alternative for applications where fouling is a problem due to their long, spiraling flow paths.
The document discusses the key components of an internal combustion engine and the 4-stroke cycle. It describes the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankshaft, piston and piston rings, connecting rod, bearings, flywheel, and valve train as the main components. It then explains the 4 strokes of the engine cycle: the intake stroke where air/fuel mixture enters; compression stroke where the mixture is compressed; power stroke where combustion provides energy; and exhaust stroke where burned gases exit. The 4 strokes occur sequentially in each cylinder, with all cylinders completing a stroke simultaneously so pistons work together like steps on an engine.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one fluid to another without direct contact between the fluids. The most common type is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which consists of tubes in a shell container. Fluids flow inside the tubes and outside in the shell. Other key types include double-pipe exchangers, plate-and-frame exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, and spiral exchangers. Spiral exchangers have two fluids spiraling in opposite directions to enhance heat transfer.
The document discusses the major components of steam turbines, including the casing, nozzles, blades, rotor, bearings, governors, and safety devices. It describes the functions of key parts like the nozzle, blades, governors, and oil pumps. It also classifies steam turbines based on the method of steam expansion, flow direction, final pressure, number of stages, and pressure. The document provides information on standards, parameter ranges, troubleshooting, and starting procedures for steam turbines.
The document provides information about thermal engines and steam generation units. It discusses internal combustion engines and their main components. It also covers classifications of internal combustion engines and comparisons between internal combustion engines and steam engines. Additionally, it describes the Cochran boiler and Babcock and Wilcox boiler, including their components, working principles, and applications. Finally, it discusses the functions of boiler mountings and accessories such as safety valves, pressure gauges, and economizers.
The document discusses valve and seat service for engines. It covers valve types and materials, testing valve springs, and refacing or replacing valve seats. Key steps include checking valve springs for squareness and force, diagnosing issues like carbon deposits, and addressing high-velocity seating.
Steam boilers are closed vessels that produce steam from water through fuel combustion. They are used to power steam engines and turbines or for heating. Key boiler components include the shell, furnace, and mountings. Accessories like economizers and superheaters improve efficiency. Boilers require safe containment of water and delivery of steam at the desired pressure and quality. Common boiler terms are defined and the purposes of accessories and mountings like pressure gauges and fusible plugs are described.
This document provides an overview of shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes the basic components and design types, including fixed tubesheet, U-tube, and floating head exchangers. Various header, shell, and baffle configurations are defined according to TEMA nomenclature standards. Geometric options like tube layout, baffle type, and heat transfer enhancement devices are also discussed. Selection criteria for shell and tube exchangers consider factors like accessibility, thermal expansion capabilities, pressure handling, and cost.
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
Generator description for Tosiba manufacturer.pptahmedmagdy161992
The document discusses the generator for a steam turbine system. It describes the generator construction including the stator, rotor, bearings, cooling systems, and monitoring instruments. It also covers inspection and maintenance of the generator components. The document contains detailed diagrams and explanations of the various generator parts and systems.
This document summarizes the major mechanical and electronic components of an automatic transmission, what each component does, and what to look for to identify issues. The mechanical components include the torque converter, transmission case, front pump, valve body, shift valves like the governor and throttle valve, clutch drums and packs, bands, one-way clutches, planetary gears. The electronic components include solenoids, sensors for output shaft speed, input shaft speed, and brake application status. For each component, the document lists signs of damage or abnormal operation to inspect.
This document provides information about Terofox Valves Integrated Corp., a Taiwanese valves manufacturer. It outlines their product offerings including ball valves in various designs, materials, pressure ratings and end connections. It describes their quality management system and certifications. The document also provides diagrams to illustrate blow-out proof stem and anti-static device designs, as well as API607 fire safe design. Manufacturing procedures are outlined showing steps from casting to final inspection and packaging.
This Presentation is about the basic fundamentals one needs to know to begin Piping Engineering. All the basic formulas and questions that are usually asked in interviews are answered in this presentation. Feel free to ask any doubts in the comments and iI may try my best to answer them for you.
Tinita Engineering Pvt. Ltd.�established in 1996 with the motto of�"Customer Satisfaction Through Quality"�is an ISO 9001: 2000 accredited company located in TTC Industrial Area, Rabale, Navi Mumbai. This dramatic development in this highly competitive field is attained by the dedication to work, immediate response to all kinds of customers and through timely delivery of the products.
The document describes various engine parts, including their composition, function, and construction. It discusses cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and propeller gearing. The key components work together to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotating motion that drives the propeller.
The document discusses the HP/LP bypass system used in thermal power stations. The bypass system allows live steam from the boiler to bypass the turbine and be dumped into the condenser. This allows the boiler to continue operating during turbine trips or startup before the turbine is up to temperature. It comprises HP and LP bypass valves, spray valves, and other components. The bypass system cuts startup time, allows boiler operation during trips, and helps match boiler and turbine temperatures for efficient operation.
This document discusses valve basics and automation. It defines a valve as a flow interrupting mechanical device with an inlet, outlet, and working element. The working element can be rotary, like a ball or disc, or linear. Valve size, design, application pressure, media, flow rate, and speed of operation all affect torque requirements. Automating valves with actuators increases power, reduces costs, improves safety, and allows remote operation. Actuators power the movement of a valve's closure element.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Parts of a Transformer.pptx
1. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Control Panel
2. Parts of Transformer
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Control Panel
Metallic Core
3. Parts of Transformer
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Control Panel
Metallic Core
4. Parts of Transformer
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Metallic Core
Control Panel
5. Parts of Transformer
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Metallic Core
Control Panel
6. Parts of Transformer
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Control Panel
Metallic Core
7. Parts of Transformer
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Metallic Core
Control Panel
8. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Control Panel
9. Parts of Transformer
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Metallic Core
Control Panel
10. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Control Panel
11. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Control Panel
12. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
13. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
14. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
15. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
16. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
17. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
18. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
19. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
20. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
21. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
22. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
23. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
24. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
25. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Tank
Holding Frame
Winding
Control Panel
26. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Tank
Control Panel
27. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Holding Frame
Winding
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Main Tank
Conservator Tank
Control Panel
28. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Holding Frame
Control Panel
Winding
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
29. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Tank
Control Panel
30. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Tank
Control Panel
31. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
On Load Tap Changer
Control Panel
32. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
On Load Tap Changer
Control Panel
33. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Bushings and Terminals
Control Panel
34. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Bushings and Terminals
Control Panel
35. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Control Panel
Holding Frame
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
36. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Control Panel
Holding Frame
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
37. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Control Panel
Holding Frame
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
38. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes
Control Panel
39. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes
Control Panel
40. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes
Control Panel
41. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes
Control Panel
42. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes
55°
Control Panel
Maximum Winding
Temperature
43. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes
50°
Maximum Oil
Temperature
Control Panel
44. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes 220°
Maximum Paper
Temperature
Control Panel
45. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Radiator Wings/ Cooling Tubes
55°
Control Panel
Maximum Winding
Temperature
46. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Breather
Control Panel
47. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Breather
Control Panel
48. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Breather
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Buchholz Relay
Control Panel
49. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Breather
Explosion Valve
Winding
Holding Frame
Buchholz Relay
Control Panel
50. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Winding
Holding Frame
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Explosion Valve
Control Panel
51. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Breather
Winding
Buchholz R
Explosion Valve
Control Panel
Holding Frame
52. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Breather
Winding
Buchholz R
Explosion Valve
Control Panel
Holding Frame
53. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Breather
Buchholz R
Winding
Explosion Valve
Control Panel
Holding Frame
54. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Tank
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings / Cooling Tubes
Breather
Buchholz R
Winding
Holding Frame
Explosion Valve
Control Panel
55. Parts of Transformer
Metallic Core
Holding Frame
Winding
On Load Tap Changer
Bushings and Terminals
Radiator Wings/Cooling Tubs
Breather
Buchholz Relay
Tank
Explosion Valve
Control Panel