Part 8
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This document discusses the characteristics and dynamic behavior of first-order systems. It describes how first-order systems respond to different types of input changes, including step, ramp, pulse, sinusoidal, and impulse inputs. The key parameters that determine a first-order system's response are its time constant and gain. Examples are provided to illustrate how variations in these parameters affect the system's response to inputs over time.
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Part 8
- 1. Dynamic Behaviour of First - Order System 1
- 2. Contents What is first-order systems What its characteristics parameters are How it response to the various changes in the input variables 2
- 5. first-order systems Transfer Function First Order Lag or Linear Lag or Exponential Lag 5
- 8. Standard Process Input Step Input – A sudden change in a process variable. – The step change occurs at an arbitrary time denoted as t=0 – Example of a step change: A reactor feedstock is suddenly switched from one supply to another, causing sudden changes in feed concentration, flow, etc. 8
- 9. Step Input 9
- 10. Ramp Input 10
- 11. Ramp Input 11
- 12. Rectangular Pulse – It represents a brief, sudden change in a process variable – Examples: Reactor feed is shut off for one hour. The fuel gas supply to a furnace is briefly interrupted 12
- 15. How three ramp inputs can be combined to form a triangular pulse function 15
- 18. Impulse Input – represents a short, transient disturbance – Examples: 1. Electrical noise spike in a thermo‐couple reading. 2. Injection of a tracer dye 18
- 19. Response of First Order Process First Order Transfer Function 19
- 20. Examples (1) First order lag Pure Capacitive 20
- 21. Examples (1) 21
- 22. Examples (2) 22
- 23. Examples (2) 23
- 24. Examples (3) Pure Capacitive System 24
- 25. Examples (3) 25
- 26. Dynamic Response of First Order Lag System 26
- 27. Dynamic Response of First Order Lag System 27
- 28. Dynamic Response of First Order Lag System 28
- 29. Dynamic Response of First Order Lag System 29
- 30. Examples (4) Effect of Parameters on the response of First Order Lag System 30
- 31. Examples (4) 31
- 32. First Order System with Variable Time Constant and Gain Linearization 32