Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. It is characterized by tremors, stiffness, and slow movement. Approximately 1 in 100 people over 60 are affected, with 1.5 million cases in the United States where 58% are men. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on replenishing dopamine levels through levodopa/carbidopa drugs and potentially surgery.

3. • Also known as
i. Parkinson's,
ii. Idiopathic parkinsonism,
iii. Primary parkinsonism,
iv. PD,
v. Paralysis agitans
• a group of conditions called motor system disorders, which
results from the death of dopamine-containing cells in the
substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain.
• It can be passed down from generation to generation

4. • In today’s times, 1 out of 100 people that are over 60 years of
age have Parkinson’s Disease.
• Additionally, there are about 1.5 million people in the United
States who currently have this life-controlling disease
• Fifty eight percent of these 1.5 million people that have
Parkinson’s Disease are men
• In Malaysia, based on year 2009,statistic has shown that
26,786 people has been recorded to have Parkinson in interval
of 5 years.

5.  Medical scientists have been treating Parkinson's for
thousands of years
 At the ancient time,Parkinson's disease are discussed
in Ayurveda since as early as 5000 BC- Kampavata
 A condition like Parkinson's disease also was
mentioned in Nei Ching
In Western medical literature it was described by
Galen as "shaking palsy“
In modern times, Parkinson's disease was first
formally recognized by James Parkinson's -"An Essay
on the Shaking Palsy"

6. TREMOR STIFF MUSCLES
SLOW AND Weakness of face
LIMITED and throat muscles
MOVEMENT
Difficulty with
Speech becomes walking (gait
softer and disturbance) and
monotonous - balance (postural
"Parkinson's mask“ instability)

7.  Parkinson's disease is an ideophatic syndrome (having
no known cause/factors)
 But the main causes is Parkinsonism can be caused by
any damage that is done to the substantia nigra.
 Scientists have found that there is a gene called alpha
synuclein -inherited
 It also can be caused by drugs or certain chemicals -
Manganese, Carbon Monoxide, Cyanide and Carbon
Disulfide
 Hypothyroidism

8. a person’s medical neurological
history exams
• blood tests -abnormal
thyroid hormone levels or
liver damag
• CT scan or an MRI -check
for signs of a stroke or
brain tumor.

9. HOME TREATMENT:
• modifying your activities and your home -
simplifying your daily activities and
changing the location of furniture
• to take a healthy foods -fruits, vegetables,
grains, cereals, legumes, poultry, fish, lean
meats, and low-fat dairy products
• Exercising and doing physical therapy –
move the body part

10. • No cure for PD
• Patients are given Levodopa combined with
Carbidopa
levodopa: to make dopamine and replenish the
brain's dwindling supply
carbidopa: delays the conversion of levodopa into
dopamine until it reaches the brain
• In some cases, a surgery may be appropriate –if it did
not responds to the drug