This document discusses the Papilionaceae plant family. It describes the structure of Papilionaceae flowers, which are characterized by their butterfly-like shape. The document outlines the economic importance of some crops in the family, including peas, soybeans, and peanuts. It proposes developing peanuts and cowpeas as new crops and describes traditional and potential commercial uses of peanuts and cowpeas that could make them economically viable.

1. PAPILLIONACEA
GROUP MEMBERS
Channalee Campbell
Ronald Bailey
Aldaine Drummond
Cavoy Calvert
Shantol Powell

2. Papilionaceae
PAPILLIONACES IS Family of dicotyledonous plants characterized by
their "butterfly-shaped" flowers, composed of a top petal, the
"standard", followed by two opposing petals on the sides, the "wings",
followed by a bottom petal, the "keel", in which the reproductive
organs are situated. The fruits are pods This family is sub-family of
Leguminaceae family.

3. Arrangement of the leaf
The leaves are usually alternate and compound. Most often they are
even- or odd-pinnately compound. Leaf margins are entire or,
occasionally, serrate.

4. Structure of the flower
The flowers often have five generally fused sepals and five free petals. They
are generally hermaphrodite, and have a short hypanthium, usually cup
shaped. There are normally ten stamens, and one elongated superior ovary
with a curved style. They are usually arranged in indeterminate
inflorescences. The flower has a specialized structure. The upper petal, called
the banner, is large and envelops the rest of the petals in bud, often reflexing
when the flower blooms. The two adjacent petals, the wings, surround the
two bottom petals. The two bottom petals are fused together at the apex,
forming a boat-like structure called the keel. The stamens are always ten in
number, and their filaments can be fused in various configurations, often in a
group of nine stamens plus one separate stamen

5. Diagram showing parts of A
papilionaceae flower

6. Cross section of the flower

7. Floral formula
• K5 C5 A10G1
K- number of sepals
C- number of petals
A - number of stamen
G – number of ovary

8. Floral diagram
• A floral diagram provides information about the number of parts of a
flower, their arrangement and the relation they have with one
another.

9. Stem anatomy
and physiology
The central axis of the stem is
erect or climbing ( it climbs
by means of tendrils),
branched , angular or
cylindrical herbaceous or
woody.

10. Root anatomy and
physiology
The root is tap,branched
baring nodes containg
nitrogen fixing bacteria
(rhizobia),and therefore,the
plants are being used as green
manure.

11. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF
PAPILLIONOIDEAE PLANT FAMILY
This family is of great economic value. The importance are as fallows:
Cluster bean- this is a herb or small shrub, it is cultivated throughout our
country . The pods are eaten as vegetable and used as fodder. The seeds are
good source of a gum which is used in food , paper and textile industries.
Garden pea- it’s a native of south Europe but now cultivated in our country.
The seeds and buds are eaten as vegetables. They are rich in protein.
Soy bean – soybeans makes a good food. The bean has high oil content and
the kernel is rich in proteins. The oil can be used for cooking. Oil-cake is use
das cattle feed . Soybean flour or cooked bean in very good for diabetic
patients.

12. CROPS THAT WOULD BE
DEVELOPED.
• PEANUT
• COW PEAS
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are edible seeds and a member of the pea and
bean family plant start above ground but mature underground, peanuts are
also known as ground peas or groundnuts.
COWPEAS All the plant parts used for food are nutritious, making it
extremely valuable where many people cannot afford protein foods such as
meat and fish. The seed is valued as a nutritional supplement to cereals and
an extender of animal proteins. It is very palatable, highly nutritious and
relatively free of metabolites or other toxins

13. FOLK USAGE OF PEANUTS AND COW
PEAS
• Boiling peanuts has been a folk cultural practice in the Southern United States,
where they were originally called goober peas, since at least the 19th century. The
practice of eating boiled peanuts was likely brought by slaves from Africa.
• In July and August, when the peanut crops would come in, unsold and surplus
peanuts would be prepared in a boiling, and extended families and neighbors
would gather to share conversation and food. Like a fish fry, peanut boils have
been organizing principles for social gatherings. Like okra, fried green tomatoes,
black-eyed peas, collard greens and pork barbecue, boiled peanuts are symbols of
Southern culture and cuisine

14. CONTINUED
COW PEAS
Medicinally, cowpeas are sacred to Hausa and Yoruba tribes; they are
used in folk medicinal practices and are prescribed for sacrifices to
abate evil and to pacify the spirits of sickly children.
Hausa and Edo tribes use cowpea medicinally; one or two seeds are
ground and mixed with soil or oil to treat stubborn bowel.
Its diversity of uses, nutritive content and storage qualities has made
cowpeas an integral part of the farming system in the West Africa
region.

15. HOW TO MAKE THE CROPS
ECONOMICALLY VIABLE.
Peanuts have been marketed as a cheap source of protein compared to cheese and red meat and as a good source of
essential vitamins and minerals.
Peanut can be become economically beneficial and viable by advertising peanut many usage and use it to make products
such as
 peanut soap
 biodiesel fuel
 peanut laxative
 peanut dye
 peanut shampoo
 peanut explosive,
 peanut axle grease, peanut seat cushion
 peanut shell charcoal
 peanut glue and
 peanut soil conditioner

16. CONTINUATION
Cowpea's high protein content, its adaptability to different types of soil
and intercropping systems, its resistance to drought, and its ability to
improve soil fertility and prevent erosion makes it an important
economic crop in many developing regions.
The sale of the stems and leaves as animal feed during the dry season
also provides a vital income for farmers.
Cowpeas can be used as a cover , to prevent soil erosion.
Parts of the pea can be made available as a source of nutrients and
fiber.