Paper #1 Nick Mankind has been at the top of the food chain since the beginning of time. The consideration for protecting an animal or creature from extinction is relatively new to humanity. The management of wildlife and protecting nature is one way we can learn to live in harmony with nature. There are two sides to this process. One good example is the protection of bison and people being proactive towards bringing these animals back to sustainable levels. There are even commercially raised bison to produce food. This is an example of humans recognizing the fact that there are limits to what anything in nature can withstand and working towards living in harmony. On the other hand, people have lost the ability to create jobs and make their communities better because the changes in a habitat for a little-known fish or bird. I do not think we should sacrifice anything in nature needlessly, but with our knowledge and technology we can find alternative environments and habitats for some creatures. Humans cannot save every creature from becoming extinct. Some would even argue we ourselves moving towards extinction, but nature will adapt no matter how hard we try to change it. The best alternative is to learn how to protect creatures and nature by a deliberate plan of protection and management. Conservation biology was one form management that can provide the studies, information, and data to assist us in making good decisions. There must be a balance for any type of management or planning to work effectively for everyone and everything (Redford, et al, 2011). The collection of DNA to attempt to reproduce extinct animals is not a viable option. Microbiology and genetics have allowed humans to make vast improvements in medical care, but when we try to clone or reproduce creatures I think it is trying to change nature instead of adapting to it. Many creatures have survived throughout human existence, but that does not mean they are a benefit or the most physiologically superior (Daempfle, 2016). Keeping DNA from any species can serve a good purpose, but trying to reproduce an extinct creature from DNA is not what nature intended. References Daempfle, P. (2016). Essential Biology: An Applied Approach. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.  https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps360/default.aspx?SectionID=2967&tabid=155#/unit/5/Read Redford, K. H., Amato, G., Baillie, J., Beldomenico, P., Bennett, E. L., Clum, N., Cook, R., Fonseca, G., Hedges, S., Launay, F., Lieberman, S., Mace, G.M., Murayama, A., Putnam, A., Robinson, J. G., Rosenbaum, H., Sanderson, E. W., Stuart, S. N., Thomas, P., and Thorbjarnarson, J. What Does It Mean to Successfully Conserve a (Vertebrate) Species? BioScience , 61 (1), 39-48. https://doi-org.bethelu.idm.oclc.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.9 Paper#2    It is important that all species are prevented from going extinct especially if the species is endangered due to human activity. If the cause of an animal goin.

1. Paper #1 Nick
Mankind has been at the top of the food chain since the
beginning of time. The consideration for protecting an animal or
creature from extinction is relatively new to humanity. The
management of wildlife and protecting nature is one way we can
learn to live in harmony with nature. There are two sides to this
process. One good example is the protection of bison and people
being proactive towards bringing these animals back to
sustainable levels. There are even commercially raised bison to
produce food. This is an example of humans recognizing the
fact that there are limits to what anything in nature can
withstand and working towards living in harmony. On the other
hand, people have lost the ability to create jobs and make their
communities better because the changes in a habitat for a little-
known fish or bird. I do not think we should sacrifice anything
in nature needlessly, but with our knowledge and technology we
can find alternative environments and habitats for some
creatures. Humans cannot save every creature from becoming
extinct. Some would even argue we ourselves moving towards
extinction, but nature will adapt no matter how hard we try to
change it. The best alternative is to learn how to protect
creatures and nature by a deliberate plan of protection and
management. Conservation biology was one form management
that can provide the studies, information, and data to assist us
in making good decisions. There must be a balance for any type
of management or planning to work effectively for everyone and
everything (Redford, et al, 2011). The collection of DNA to
attempt to reproduce extinct animals is not a viable option.
Microbiology and genetics have allowed humans to make vast
improvements in medical care, but when we try to clone or
reproduce creatures I think it is trying to change nature instead
of adapting to it. Many creatures have survived throughout
human existence, but that does not mean they are a benefit or
the most physiologically superior (Daempfle, 2016). Keeping

2. DNA from any species can serve a good purpose, but trying to
reproduce an extinct creature from DNA is not what nature
intended.
References
Daempfle, P. (2016). Essential Biology: An Applied Approach.
Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.
https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps360/default.aspx?Sec
tionID=2967&tabid=155#/unit/5/Read
Redford, K. H., Amato, G., Baillie, J., Beldomenico, P.,
Bennett, E. L., Clum, N., Cook, R., Fonseca, G., Hedges, S.,
Launay, F., Lieberman, S., Mace, G.M., Murayama, A., Putnam,
A., Robinson, J. G., Rosenbaum, H., Sanderson, E. W., Stuart,
S. N., Thomas, P., and Thorbjarnarson, J. What Does It Mean to
Successfully Conserve a (Vertebrate) Species?
BioScience
,
61
(1), 39-48.
https://doi-org.bethelu.idm.oclc.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.9
Paper#2
It is important that all species are prevented from going
extinct especially if the species is endangered due to human
activity. If the cause of an animal going extinct is due to
humans, then it is very important to prevent the extinction of
species. Disruption of species population causes them
eventually to go extinct (Cardillo et al, 2005). It is crucial to
protect and preserve their environments. One of the leading
causes of extinction is habitat loss and poaching (Simberloff,
1986).

3. To prevent the annihilation of wildlife and their ecosystems;
individuals can help preserve their natural habitats and not
interfere or disrupt their environments (Cardillo et al, 2005).
Wildlife and plant life are more beneficial than people want to
realize. Plant species are sometimes used for medicines, which
originate from products and chemicals developed by animals
(Simberloff, 1986). Therefore performing a critical role in the
treatment of numerous illnesses.
The process of de-extinction in my opinion is a good attempt to
correct past wrongs. I view this topic as impractical due to this
method potentially being avoided. De-extinction could
potentially expose current generations to previous illnesses and
diseases. The idea of creating a species is a counterfeit way of
the continuation of species exploitment; they should continue to
stay ugly to rest.
References:
Simberloff, D. (1986). The Proximate Causes of Extinction.
Patterns and Processes in the History of Life; pp 259-276.
Cardillo, M., Mace, G., Jones, K., Bielby, J., And Bininda-
Emonds, O. (2005). Multiple Causes of High Extinction Risk in
Large Mammal Species. 309, Issue 5738, 1239-1241. DOI:
10.1126/science.1116030
Paper #3 Brandon
New Trends in Policing
Problem-oriented policing is the idea that police officers need

4. to focus primarily on specific problems instead of incidents,
these problems can be the underlying conditions that contribute
to the incidents, criminal activity, and other community
concerns (Cordner, 2019). Simply put the goal of problem-
oriented policing is to extinguish the issues that give rise to the
incidents of criminal activity. Problem-oriented policing is
basically problem-solving policing and has a goal of replacing a
reactive police force with a proactive police force. A
fundamental principle of problem-oriented policing is that law
enforcement must be understood as just one means of policing,
but that all police officers have the societal goals of crime
control, protection to the public, fear reduction, and maintaining
order (Cordner, 2019). Problem-oriented policing encourages
police officers to carefully analyze any issues that may arise
and choose the path that yields the best results for the victims
and suspects that may be involved. Community policing is a
policing technique that involves an active partnership between
police officers and the leaders within a community. This
policing technique allows police officers to adopt the strategies
and tactics used to fit the needs of the community the police
department serves with a considerable amount of involvement of
the members of the community (Cordner, 2019). Community
policing allows law enforcement officers to make strong ties
and have a strong police presence within the communities. If
used effectively, this policing technique can allow police
officers to build and maintain a positive image within their
assigned communities. Officers will conduct foot patrols
throughout their neighborhoods, which can be effective in
making citizens feel safer but may not reduce the amount of
criminal activity (Cordner, 2019). Some departments began
implementing police squads such as the Citizen-Oriented Police
Enforcement (COPE) units to target crime and reduce fear
within neighborhoods, which produced mixed results (Cordner,
2019). The issue with community policing is that it is only as
effective as the amount of effort that this technique is given. If
law enforcement officers fail to follow through with a good

5. amount of effort, then community policing can be rendered
ineffective. Intelligence-led policing is an innovative strategy
for crime prevention efforts that use futuristic efforts and a
more targeted approach to crime prevention by applying focus
on identification, analysis, and management of continuing and
emerging problems and risks (Phillips, 2012). Intelligence-led
policing borrows strategies and tactics from other policing
techniques and uses gathered intelligence to lead police
operations. I would use intelligence-led policing to guide my
police department since this policing encompasses tactics from
all policing techniques and makes further use of technology to
guide police operations.
References
Cordner, G. W. (2019).
Police Administration.
[Savant Learning Systems]. Retrieved from
https://savantlearningsystems.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780429
655463/
Phillips, S. W. (2012). The attitudes of police managers towards
intelligence-led policing.
The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin
,
81
(9), 13.
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A303226799/AONE?u=tel_a_bet
helc&sid=AONE&xid=e2245d8d
Paper #4 Ciera
Throughout the years, a wide array of strategies have been
employed in an effort to best serve and protect our
communities. As of recent years, two concepts, known as

6. Problem-Oriented Policing and Community-Oriented Policing,
have taken hold in many departments across the country. As the
name suggests, Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) emphasizes
police focus more-so on identifiable issues than just incidences
(Cordner, 2019). By doing so, the goal is to be able to eliminate
the
cause
of these issues, as opposed to simply handling whatever
outcome is caused by them. POP also encompasses the idea that
the most lawful and morally-correct choices are the ones that
should be used in policing, not always just enforcing strict rules
and regulations implemented by our criminal law (Corder,
2019). These new tactics are well employed in-part with the
ideas of Community-Oriented Policing (COP), which aims to
use the entire community in crime prevention (Cordner, 2019).
By use of foot patrols, neighborhood watches, and higher
officer-citizen interactions, there ends up being a significantly
larger group of individuals looking to keep things in order,
ultimately ensuring that members of these communities feel
safer, more involved, and understood.
Although these two strategies are very obviously different from
one another, they work hand-in-hand to lend their information
to a different method of crime prevention - Intelligence-Led
Policing. With this method, intelligence is gathered at all levels
and by all avenues, to include community members, and
provided to leadership to determine the best course of action to
take in order to address the specific criminal issues the
jurisdiction is faced with (Corder, 2019). One researcher had an
interesting take on police that corresponds with the ways of
Intelligence-Led Policing, stating that every officer "should be
looked at as [a] knowledge worker" (Perry, 2018, p. 103).
Viewing police this way puts an officer's work into a different
perspective, allowing us to see that every call and incident only
garners more information for the department to use, even if it
appears to be something menial or that ends up with no contact.

7. If I were the top executive in my agency, I don't see why one
avenue would have to be used over the other when instead, they
could be used in conjunction with one another. However, if I
had to choose one to put the majority of my efforts into, it
would likely be the ILP method, as it is a tried and true method
heavily used by other federal agencies to protect our homeland
security. Applying this method to smaller jurisdictions and
smaller crimes should prove to be issue-free.
References:
Cordner, G. W. (2019). Police Administration (10th ed.).
Routledge.
Perry, H. (2018). Policing organized crime: intelligence strategy
implementation.
Police Practice and Research
,
19
(1), 102-104. https://doi-
org.bethelu.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/15614263.2017.1351667