Running Head: REENTRY AND REHABILITATION 1
REENTRY AND REHABILITATION 2
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Moises Brador
CCJ4497
Anna Leimberg
Florida International University
3/29/20
Introduction:
Rehabilitation of the incarcerated people and providing them with a safe future is the responsibility of the state. When an individual commits a crime and becomes an offender, it does not absolve the state from its responsibility to ensure the basic human rights of the individual. Rather it becomes more of a responsibility for the state to ensure the well-being of such an individual. Criminal psychology shows that criminal deviation is the result of two factors which are biological and genetic layout and social factors. No one can be held responsible for the biological factors or genetic makeup because it is not under anyone’s control. Secondly, the social factors are generally exposure to aggression in childhood, dysfunctional families, negative social impact form violent environment and poverty etc. These factors are mostly originated from society and not result from one's individual efforts. Even with the presence of these factors, no one is denying the fact that the responsibility of one's actions lies on one's shoulder but at the same time, it does not free the state from its responsibility towards the well-being of an offender. The rehabilitation process ought to be for correction, not punishment but unfortunately, the reentry programs after one has served their due time in a rehabilitation centre is not very smooth and it does not motivate the individual to make better choices this time. It is because of standards rehabilitation and reentry system which does not suit the individual needs of every individual. The system needs to be more customized. Furthermore, the frameworks involved in probation and post-incarceration process need improvement. This essay will explore the current condition and process of reentry and rehabilitation of an individual in society and how this system needs reassessment and continuous monitoring (Thompkins, Curtis, & Wendel, 2010).
Review of Previous Research:
Many researchers have explored the field of rehabilitation and reentry in the society. The field of criminal offences, factors which contribute towards these offences, mindsets of the offenders and their backgrounds, rehabilitation process and the reentry constitute a diverse field on which a lot of work has been done by psychologist and criminologist to not only understand what enables the criminal activities to happen at first place and how they can be reduced if not eradicated through the better rehabilitation process. Through important outcomes include:
1. Religion can play an important part in the rehabilitation of people. A study was conducted in an Israeli prison in which prisoners from several months too many years were questioned about their dependence on faith to pass th.
1
6
Policy Review
Erika Tallent
SOCW 6361
Issue Statement
When people are released from prison, they face an environment that is difficult to navigate, designed to keep them from becoming useful members of their communities. Most ex-offenders are arrested again within three years of their release, with a majority of 77 percent of instances occurring within five years. As the nation's prison population approaches 2 million inmates, recidivism is becoming an issue for both convicts' families and society (Bhandari, 2019). This explains why social reintegration is one of the biggest social problems in the United States. Re-incarceration and unsuccessful re-entry have a devastating impact on communities, families, and individuals. Ex-offenders and those recently released from prison are the most vulnerable populations to this social problem. It is vital to have a thorough grasp of the science of offender reintegration since efficient reintegration of offenders is crucial to crime reduction.
The need for change
After being released from prison, offenders are pushed into a new environment that is very different from their previous one, and many struggle to adapt. Aside from that, due to the dynamic and the always-changing environment, ex-offenders who have spent considerable time in prison are liberated into an environment vastly different from their prior surroundings. This is a serious impediment to criminals' reintegration back into society. Furthermore, re-entry into the workforce is a significant challenge to overcome for persons who have served time in jail. Previously imprisoned individuals have difficulties getting and maintaining employment after being released from prison due to employers' apprehension about hiring people with criminal histories (Weber, 2021). Many offenders have no formal education or work experience, making it strenuous to obtain gainful employment. According to studies, about 60% of criminals and ex-offenders are high school dropouts.
In the aftermath of their imprisonment and engagement with the criminal justice system, many ex-inmates are perceived unproductive and risky by former employers and members of their old professional networks, assuming they ever had one. When ex-convicts combine a restricted professional network with a glaring gap in their resume, it may be very difficult for them to get an interview with a potential employer. An estimated 70 percent of previously jailed males have a history of drug misuse, and a large number of them suffer from physical and mental health problems (Petrich et al., 2022). As a result, employers may not consider them "work-ready," so restricting their employability. The prospect of being sued for damages resulting from "negligent hiring" is a source of anxiety for many firms. Given the possibility that a firm could be held responsible for exposing the employees to a potentially harmful individual, many companies are wary of hiring someone who has a criminal ...
This document summarizes research on reintegrating juvenile offenders after release from secure confinement. It describes an intensive juvenile aftercare model called the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model developed with support from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The IAP model emphasizes preparing youth for reentry, making community linkages, and ensuring delivery of services and supervision after release. The document also reviews other intensive aftercare programs and compares them to the IAP model, noting the importance of providing both surveillance and treatment services.
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH Mental health or addiction issues: Underlying ment...fatoomaobaid
ndividual Factors:
•Mental health or addiction issues: Underlying mental health problems
or substance abuse can contribute to criminal behavior. With
treatment, these issues can make it difficult to develop impulse control
or make positive life choices.
•Lack of opportunity: Limited access to education, employment, or
social support can make it hard to find legitimate ways to make a living,
pushing some back to crime.
•Socialization and environment: Growing up in a high-crime
environment or associating with criminals can normalize criminal
behavior and make it seem like the only option.
There are severalreasons why people might not change their
criminal behavior after convictions:
4
I
Health Efficacy of Offender Reentry Programs Targeting Recidivism in the.pdfBrian712019
This document discusses a dissertation topic on the efficacy of offender reentry programs in reducing recidivism in the United States. It notes high recidivism rates and criticisms of current reentry programs and measures of their effectiveness. The topic aims to identify the most effective reentry programs and evaluate them based on the goal of reducing recidivism. It also discusses the relationship between reentry programs and principles of public policy and administration.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on the efficacy of psychological treatments for violent offenders in correctional facilities. It discusses who the treatments target, including drug addicts and violent offenders. It describes the history of psychological assessments and interventions for offenders. It examines several types of treatments used in correctional facilities, including cognitive-behavioral and anger management approaches. It discusses how each treatment works for individual offenders and the impact on reducing recidivism. The document aims to shed light on improving the effectiveness of psychological programs for offenders.
This proposal aims to study the effect of traditional and community-oriented reentry models on parolee recidivism rates in Rhode Island using a quasi-experimental design. Recidivism rates in Rhode Island are about double the national average. The community-oriented model pairs offender needs with evidence-based practices to address criminogenic risk factors like housing, employment, and substance abuse, while the traditional model relies more on punishment. The study will compare recidivism outcomes for 250 high-risk offenders paroled under each model using the LSIR assessment tool to define risk levels and an ex post facto comparison group. The results could show if the community model significantly reduces recidivism by meeting offender needs.
Are There Any Alternatives To Jail Time For Sex Crime Convictions in Los AngelesChesley Lawyer
The document discusses alternatives to incarceration for sex crime convictions in Los Angeles, including rehabilitation programs, restorative justice practices, and community-based solutions. It notes that while jail time has historically been the default punishment, there is growing recognition of the need for alternatives that address rehabilitation and public safety. Rehabilitation programs and restorative justice approaches have shown promise in reducing recidivism but face challenges in implementation including public stigma, inequitable access to resources, and the need for greater collaboration between stakeholders. The document concludes that a balanced approach combining punishment, support and rehabilitation is ideal.
The department of health in taiwan initiated community health developmentMaricris Santos
The document discusses community health development (CHD) in Taiwan and the appropriateness of using participatory action research (PAR) to evaluate CHD. It explores the theoretical concepts of CHD and finds that PAR is a flexible approach that can capture the complex social and health phenomena in the CHD framework. PAR is appropriate for both the methodological framework of CHD evaluation and enhancing the actualization of CHD.
1
6
Policy Review
Erika Tallent
SOCW 6361
Issue Statement
When people are released from prison, they face an environment that is difficult to navigate, designed to keep them from becoming useful members of their communities. Most ex-offenders are arrested again within three years of their release, with a majority of 77 percent of instances occurring within five years. As the nation's prison population approaches 2 million inmates, recidivism is becoming an issue for both convicts' families and society (Bhandari, 2019). This explains why social reintegration is one of the biggest social problems in the United States. Re-incarceration and unsuccessful re-entry have a devastating impact on communities, families, and individuals. Ex-offenders and those recently released from prison are the most vulnerable populations to this social problem. It is vital to have a thorough grasp of the science of offender reintegration since efficient reintegration of offenders is crucial to crime reduction.
The need for change
After being released from prison, offenders are pushed into a new environment that is very different from their previous one, and many struggle to adapt. Aside from that, due to the dynamic and the always-changing environment, ex-offenders who have spent considerable time in prison are liberated into an environment vastly different from their prior surroundings. This is a serious impediment to criminals' reintegration back into society. Furthermore, re-entry into the workforce is a significant challenge to overcome for persons who have served time in jail. Previously imprisoned individuals have difficulties getting and maintaining employment after being released from prison due to employers' apprehension about hiring people with criminal histories (Weber, 2021). Many offenders have no formal education or work experience, making it strenuous to obtain gainful employment. According to studies, about 60% of criminals and ex-offenders are high school dropouts.
In the aftermath of their imprisonment and engagement with the criminal justice system, many ex-inmates are perceived unproductive and risky by former employers and members of their old professional networks, assuming they ever had one. When ex-convicts combine a restricted professional network with a glaring gap in their resume, it may be very difficult for them to get an interview with a potential employer. An estimated 70 percent of previously jailed males have a history of drug misuse, and a large number of them suffer from physical and mental health problems (Petrich et al., 2022). As a result, employers may not consider them "work-ready," so restricting their employability. The prospect of being sued for damages resulting from "negligent hiring" is a source of anxiety for many firms. Given the possibility that a firm could be held responsible for exposing the employees to a potentially harmful individual, many companies are wary of hiring someone who has a criminal ...
This document summarizes research on reintegrating juvenile offenders after release from secure confinement. It describes an intensive juvenile aftercare model called the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model developed with support from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The IAP model emphasizes preparing youth for reentry, making community linkages, and ensuring delivery of services and supervision after release. The document also reviews other intensive aftercare programs and compares them to the IAP model, noting the importance of providing both surveillance and treatment services.
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH Mental health or addiction issues: Underlying ment...fatoomaobaid
ndividual Factors:
•Mental health or addiction issues: Underlying mental health problems
or substance abuse can contribute to criminal behavior. With
treatment, these issues can make it difficult to develop impulse control
or make positive life choices.
•Lack of opportunity: Limited access to education, employment, or
social support can make it hard to find legitimate ways to make a living,
pushing some back to crime.
•Socialization and environment: Growing up in a high-crime
environment or associating with criminals can normalize criminal
behavior and make it seem like the only option.
There are severalreasons why people might not change their
criminal behavior after convictions:
4
I
Health Efficacy of Offender Reentry Programs Targeting Recidivism in the.pdfBrian712019
This document discusses a dissertation topic on the efficacy of offender reentry programs in reducing recidivism in the United States. It notes high recidivism rates and criticisms of current reentry programs and measures of their effectiveness. The topic aims to identify the most effective reentry programs and evaluate them based on the goal of reducing recidivism. It also discusses the relationship between reentry programs and principles of public policy and administration.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on the efficacy of psychological treatments for violent offenders in correctional facilities. It discusses who the treatments target, including drug addicts and violent offenders. It describes the history of psychological assessments and interventions for offenders. It examines several types of treatments used in correctional facilities, including cognitive-behavioral and anger management approaches. It discusses how each treatment works for individual offenders and the impact on reducing recidivism. The document aims to shed light on improving the effectiveness of psychological programs for offenders.
This proposal aims to study the effect of traditional and community-oriented reentry models on parolee recidivism rates in Rhode Island using a quasi-experimental design. Recidivism rates in Rhode Island are about double the national average. The community-oriented model pairs offender needs with evidence-based practices to address criminogenic risk factors like housing, employment, and substance abuse, while the traditional model relies more on punishment. The study will compare recidivism outcomes for 250 high-risk offenders paroled under each model using the LSIR assessment tool to define risk levels and an ex post facto comparison group. The results could show if the community model significantly reduces recidivism by meeting offender needs.
Are There Any Alternatives To Jail Time For Sex Crime Convictions in Los AngelesChesley Lawyer
The document discusses alternatives to incarceration for sex crime convictions in Los Angeles, including rehabilitation programs, restorative justice practices, and community-based solutions. It notes that while jail time has historically been the default punishment, there is growing recognition of the need for alternatives that address rehabilitation and public safety. Rehabilitation programs and restorative justice approaches have shown promise in reducing recidivism but face challenges in implementation including public stigma, inequitable access to resources, and the need for greater collaboration between stakeholders. The document concludes that a balanced approach combining punishment, support and rehabilitation is ideal.
The department of health in taiwan initiated community health developmentMaricris Santos
The document discusses community health development (CHD) in Taiwan and the appropriateness of using participatory action research (PAR) to evaluate CHD. It explores the theoretical concepts of CHD and finds that PAR is a flexible approach that can capture the complex social and health phenomena in the CHD framework. PAR is appropriate for both the methodological framework of CHD evaluation and enhancing the actualization of CHD.
This document discusses the role of social work in criminology and correctional settings. It covers topics such as the definition of criminology, crime, and criminals. It also explores the various career opportunities for social workers in areas like probation, parole, police work, prisons, and more. The document outlines how different social work methods, like case work, group work, community organization, and social action can be applied in correctional institutions. It provides examples of how each method is used. Finally, it discusses the role of social work research and intervention in correctional administration and rehabilitation efforts.
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community ParticipationChantellPantoja184
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation
Leonard A. Jason
DePaul University
This article conveys important and useful information that practitioners can apply in their day-to-day
professional lives by including citizen– consumer– client participation in their work. Three collaborative
action projects are described that yielded significant benefits both for local communities and broader
policy. These interventions, which were on topics as diverse as tobacco use among youth, recidivism
among substance abusers, and chronic fatigue syndrome, were greatly enhanced by the involvement of
citizens. The case studies are presented in such a way that the reader has a sense of how, when, and in
what ways the interventions were collaborative as well as what the outcomes have been vis-à-vis public
policy. The article is intended to encourage professional psychologists to collaborate more fully with
community groups in efforts to expand and improve behavioral health services and policies.
Keywords: citizen participation, public policy, collaboration, community psychology
You might ask why practitioners would be interested in activity
involving community members in their work. With busy practices,
multiple obligations, and an increasingly hectic work world, add-
ing another set of responsibilities might seem to be burdensome
and even counterproductive. Yet, it is very possible that our work
could be immeasurably enriched by obtaining greater involvement
from citizens– consumers– clients. In fact, such work might even
make for more relevant assessments and interventions as well as
better relationships and cooperation with community partners and
local organizations. These types of rich collaborative efforts could
even help bring added attention, publicity, and even public policy
benefits. In fact, whether you are implementing individual-level
interventions at the local level or larger-scale public health projects
at the community or state level, you probably are going to be
involved in making some decisions regarding behavioral health
policies.
In this article, some of the benefits and challenges of mobilizing
citizen participation will be reviewed. Clearly, these collaborations
have important implications for practitioners. For example, it is
possible that bringing community members into our work might
help us better prioritize the needs and interests of our clients and
participants (Chataway, 2001). In addition, a relationship based on
meaningful citizen involvement may be a critical factor for the
sustainability of community efforts (Altman, 1995). In a sense,
there are multiple worthy rationales for citizen participation, in-
cluding its potential in sensitizing, prioritizing, and sustaining
intervention and research efforts, and these collaborative efforts
might also ultimately help us even influence public policy. But
before dealing with these very practical matters, let me first de-
scribe some basic terms that involve the co ...
Criminal behavior Research for system.pptxali2005eisa
The document discusses factors that contribute to criminal recidivism at the micro, meso, and macro levels. At the micro level, individual psychological and social factors influence criminal behavior. At the meso level, law enforcement and community programs aim to shape social environments and reduce crime. At the macro level, societal structures and policies shape criminal justice systems and recidivism rates. Comprehensive interventions are needed across all levels to support rehabilitation and reintegration in order to effectively reduce recidivism.
In Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye, characters like Pauline internalize social roles and ideals of beauty from the films they watch, as cinema serves to indoctrinate patriarchal norms according to Laura Mulvey's theory. Pauline seeks a glamorous identity at the movies but instead feels her low social status reinforced by unattainable onscreen beauty. Film also teaches Claudia to love white baby dolls and internalize their standards of beauty.
effects of applied social sciences processes.pptxmarites leanillo
Applied social sciences aim to improve well-being and social functioning through advocacy, counseling, case management and other skills. Professionals in this field can work in roles like caseworkers, counselors, and community social workers. They observe standards of social justice, dignity, and competence. Self-awareness and understanding how social and individual factors influence behaviors are important for professionals to effectively facilitate individual and social change. Changes in attitudes, behaviors, and structures over the long term are needed to achieve equity and sustainability.
This document summarizes a research study on the involvement and implementation levels of rehabilitation programs among persons deprived of liberty in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology facility in Alta Vista, Ormoc City, Philippines. The rehabilitation programs focus on four major areas: livelihood projects, educational and vocational training, recreation and sports, and religious/spiritual activities. The study aims to assess the levels of involvement and implementation in these programs among three classifications of prisoners - provincial, city, and municipal. It seeks to identify differences between the groups and challenges faced in order to provide recommendations to enhance the rehabilitation programs and better facilitate prisoner reintegration into society.
10/24/21, 4:55 PM Originality Report
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Best Practices in Community Correctional
Best Practices in Community Correctional
Ingrid Hernandez
University of Phoenix
October 17, 2021
Introduction The law enforcement and criminal justice system of the United States embraces community corrections. It is because it helps incarcerated individu-
als get back to the community. The main objective of creating these community corrections is to act as an alternative to imprisonment to those individuals that are in
jail but has shown positive behaviors and have reformed. As this approach occurs mainly outside the prison setting, the authorities enforce strict measures that
restrict the ex-convicts from reoffending and oversee the correctional process. More so, the departments of probation, do supervisions and follow-ups to address the
need of the undergoing community program. Usually, court systems make decisions and also enforces sanctions on the report written by parole officers on if the of-
fenders should be allowed to return to the community. An offender will have completed the process successfully if they show signs of mental stability and
changes in behaviors. This paper will review and analyze the case of Robert, who was incarcerated for drug abuse and armed robbery, describing why commu-
nity correctional assessment is important for him. Additionally, we will determine the needs of this person and describe the evidence-based practices that will enable
him to re-enter society. “Analyzing the case of Robert” Robert was convicted of drug abuse and armed robbery, and he is about to complete his term in jail.
He is twenty-five years old, and he has a criminal history and various past arrests associated with drug possession and robbery. For him being arrested four times and
incarcerated five times, it is hard to know if he would get back into society successfully as a fully r ...
10/24/21, 4:55 PM Originality Report
https://vle.phoenix.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BB300502SF160441/originalityReport/ultra?attemptId=a326da83-b181-484d-8ee5-3b393afcb4b0&course_id… 1/5
%40
%13
%3
SafeAssign Originality Report
CPSS/370: Intake, Assessment, And Classification • Wk 5 - Best Practices in Community Corrections [due Mon]
%56Total Score: High riskIngrid Hernandez
Submission UUID: f606f48f-b21b-2131-6ff9-89f755db21f0
Total Number of Reports
1
Highest Match
56 %
Best Practices in Community Correctional…
Average Match
56 %
Submitted on
10/17/21
07:47 PM GMT+2
Average Word Count
1,077
Highest: Best Practices in Community Cor…
%56Additional content
Institutional database (7)
Student paper Student paper Student paper
Student paper Student paper Student paper
Student paper
Internet (1)
schoolworkhelper
Global database (3)
Student paper Student paper Student paper
Top sources (3)
Excluded sources (0)
View Originality Report - Old Design
Word Count: 1,077
Best Practices in Community Correctional.docx
5 4 3
6 9 7
2
1
11 8 10
5 Student paper 1 schoolworkhelper 4 Student paper
Best Practices in Community Correctional
Best Practices in Community Correctional
Ingrid Hernandez
University of Phoenix
October 17, 2021
Introduction The law enforcement and criminal justice system of the United States embraces community corrections. It is because it helps incarcerated individu-
als get back to the community. The main objective of creating these community corrections is to act as an alternative to imprisonment to those individuals that are in
jail but has shown positive behaviors and have reformed. As this approach occurs mainly outside the prison setting, the authorities enforce strict measures that
restrict the ex-convicts from reoffending and oversee the correctional process. More so, the departments of probation, do supervisions and follow-ups to address the
need of the undergoing community program. Usually, court systems make decisions and also enforces sanctions on the report written by parole officers on if the of-
fenders should be allowed to return to the community. An offender will have completed the process successfully if they show signs of mental stability and
changes in behaviors. This paper will review and analyze the case of Robert, who was incarcerated for drug abuse and armed robbery, describing why commu-
nity correctional assessment is important for him. Additionally, we will determine the needs of this person and describe the evidence-based practices that will enable
him to re-enter society. “Analyzing the case of Robert” Robert was convicted of drug abuse and armed robbery, and he is about to complete his term in jail.
He is twenty-five years old, and he has a criminal history and various past arrests associated with drug possession and robbery. For him being arrested four times and
incarcerated five times, it is hard to know if he would get back into society successfully as a fully r ...
Discussion 1In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states th.docxduketjoy27252
Discussion 1
In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states that "Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related theories that help understand why criminal justice – including crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts, and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society" (2012). Answer one of the following questions:
THIS ASSIGNMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE ABOVE. THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT YOU NEED TO DO IS PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON TWO CLASSMATES POSTS. THE LENGTH MUST BE 200 WORDS EACH POST. THERE ARE TWO FEEDBACKS YOU MUST DO. MUST BE POSITIVE FEEDBACK, PROPER GRAMMAR/SENTENCE STRUCTURE, AND ANY OUTSIDE SOURCES YOU USE THAT RELATES TO THE FEEBACK FROM THE STUDENT MUST BE PROPERLY CITED/SCHOLARY SOURCE.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
Robinson discusses many theories in Chapters 3 through 7. Some of these theories are: Biological Theories, Psychological Theories, Integrated Theories, Social Learning Theories, Social Control Theories, Routine Activity Theories, Crime Pattern Theories, Anomie Theories, Strain Theories, Institutional Anomie Theories, Contextual anomie and strain theories, Cultural deviance or subcultural theories.
Select a theory other than rational choice or deterrence theories, and compare and/or contrast it to the post of your classmates’ and/or your instructor.
Does one of these theories clarify your understanding of the crime or criminal issue you intend to examine in your Final Project?
DISCUSSION RESPONSE FROM STUDENT ONE JAYMES W.
Rational choice theories are among the fastest growing theories in social science today. Many sociologists and political scientists defend the claim that rational choice theory can provide the basis for a unified and comprehensive theory of social behavior. What distinguishes rational choice theory from other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds of action other than the purely rational and calculative. All social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as instrumental action, however much of it may appear to be irrational or non-rational.
General deterrence strategies focus on future behaviors, preventing individuals from engaging in crime or deviant by impacting their rational decision making process. Specific deterrence focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. Through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic behavior can be cut down dramatically. Some examples are: shock sentencing, corporal punishment, mandatory arrests for certain behaviors.
Specific deterrence strategies, focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. The concern here is that motives and rationales that lie behind the original behavior can, perhaps, never be delineated, but through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic beh.
The document discusses social work in correctional settings. It begins by defining criminology and explaining the evolution of correctional philosophy from revenge to restraint to reformation and reintegration. It then discusses the use of social casework, social group work, and community organization in correctional settings. The primary objective of corrections is outlined as rehabilitation in order to reintegrate offenders and prevent recidivism.
1CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One Southern New HaEttaBenton28
1
CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One
Southern New Hampshire University
Destiny Nance
CJ 550
September 4th, 2022
CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One
A. What are the departments or subdivisions into which your selected organization is divided, and how do these subdivisions work together as a whole in relation to the mission of the organization?
Office of Programs and Re-entry is an organization that focuses on leadership alongside rehabilitative programs ensuring better lives within the community. The organization is divided into four central departments that work together to achieve a common goal. The first department is the Bureau of program development which focuses on the various designs and implementation of risks and needs assessment tools. It also implements other processes and policies key to the restoration alongside rehabilitation of justice to the affected individual within the surrounding.
The second is the department Bureau of Education, which deals with academic and career issues, including technical education and library services (Bell et al., 2018). The third department is the Bureau of Substance Use Treatment which is helpful in dealing with services assisting in the transition period between incarceration and the return to society. The other department is the Bureau of Chaplaincy services dealing with spiritual matters on inmates and offenders. The last department is volunteering with the FDC to assist in a rewarding experience for the citizens. All the departments work together to achieve the organizational goal and mission in leadership and rehabilitation programs that assist the community. Every department has strict policies that make it possible to ensure that it helps the organization achieve its mission.
B. Describe your selected subdivision, and outline the specific goals and responsibilities of the subdivision, describing how they align with the overall mission of the agency. Consider how the goals of the selected subdivision align with the mission of the agency.
The correction officers have a specific function: protecting the community by leading and supervising offenders and reporting the individual who has failed to comply with the regulations to sentencing. Alongside the organizational mission, the correction subdivision has its designed mission. Its mission is to deliver effective service to the community by service diligently while collaborating with other agencies of the criminal justice community (Bell et al., 2018). As such, it serves the community without violating their rights. The detention department ensures people's safety within the community by protecting the surrounding society in various ways, such as establishing safe, secure, and human supervision. It also provides the confinement of inmates by making them follow the law without violation.
However, the subdivision is faced with challenges like the overpopulation of inmates. The inmates are flocked within the organization, thus posing a chall ...
Applying Restorative Justice in case of Child Victims and OffendersSonal Sheth
India’s existing legal and institutional framework has several dimensions that address the psychosocial needs of children in both cases, when they are victims as well as offenders. Scope of improvisation remains in terms of implementation of the psychosocial care where Restorative Justice offers better framework. Also, Restorative Justice offers broader inclusion of stakeholders and addresses multiple needs. With help of skilled facilitators the quality of justice received by children can become better and also possibly transformative.
This document discusses strategies for addressing deviant behavior, including deterrence strategies, theories of deviance, and policies around suspension and expulsion in schools. It analyzes the goals and effectiveness of four strategies: restorative justice, capital punishment, sentencing circles, and suspension/expulsion policies. Restorative justice aims to repair harm and rebuild relationships, while deterrence strategies like capital punishment aim to preserve law and order but may violate human rights. Sentencing circles provide input from the community on appropriate sentences. Suspension/expulsion policies in schools can help maintain discipline but should be combined with other supports. In conclusion, political campaigns need deterrence strategies against deviant behaviors to promote success and cohesiveness.
Task Force Project—Applying TheoryIn Module 1, you began.docxbriankimberly26463
This summarizes a scholarly article about different approaches to community-based health interventions. It identifies four categories: community as setting, community as target, community as resource, and community as agent. It explains each category and provides examples. It emphasizes the importance of considering a community's social ecology and using theories of change to target multiple levels of influence, not just individual behaviors. Community capacity and civil society are also discussed as important contexts for community health promotion efforts.
This document outlines an argument for alternative sentencing programs to address prison overcrowding. It proposes developing prison-based programs that provide education, treatment, and vocational training to rehabilitate non-violent offenders. Research shows community-based and intermediate sanctions are less restrictive and costly than incarceration, and can reduce recidivism. Successful programs incorporate education, employment preparation, accountability, and transition support to help offenders lead productive lives after release.
Running head PSYCHOLOGY1PSYCHOLOGY7Programmatic pur.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
1
PSYCHOLOGY
7
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Shekima Jacob
South University
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Select and discuss three programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated. In your discussion, provide the rationale for the purposes and outcomes selected. It will be assumed the purposes and outcomes selected were influenced by the program being evaluated.
The program that I will be discussing is human service programs. In the abiding endeavor to enhance human service programs, service providers, policy makers and funders are more and more recognizing the significance of thorough program evaluations. They want to know what the programs achieve, what they spend, and how they must be operated to attain maximum cost efficiency. They want to recognize which programs function for which groups, and they need endings based on proof, as opposed to impassioned pleas and testimonials. The purposes should state the extensive, extensive range result that maintains the mission of the program, including content information areas, performance prospects, and values anticipated of program graduates. Purposes can be stated in wider and more stirring language than outcomes that have to be measurable and specific. Outcome is the reason nonprofit organizations struggle to build capacity and deliver programs. Measurement of outcomes is the systematic way of assessing the extent to which a program has attained its intended results.
The programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated include:
Programmatic purposes
· To monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department.
Without departments, the purpose or goals of human services would be very hard to fulfill. Human services is a very large sector that entails a wide range of skills, knowledge and disciplines focused on enhancing the well being of human both collectively and individually. Just like there are a lot of sectors in human services, so too there are a huge variety of functions of the human service programs that need to be evaluated so as to accomplish the purpose of the program (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995). One of the programmatic purposes of human service programs is to monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department. Any department or even sector requires frequent checks to make sure that it is functioning well and according to the purpose. This purpose is very crucial in the execution of the human service program goals. It needs to be evaluated to make sure that the functions of the health and human service department are in line with the programmatic purposes of the program.
· Assessing internal control over compliance requirements to provide reasonable assurance.
The compliance requirements are very crucial in every program as they make sure that the program is in line with its goals and makes sure it works towards achieving its stipulated outcomes. This purpose needs to be evaluated to m ...
This document provides a recommendation for developing a successful youthful offender reentry program for The Children's Village. It finds that there is a significant link between youthful offenders and mental illness, with 60-65% having been diagnosed with at least one mental illness. Successful reentry is challenging due to barriers like poverty, poor schools, and high crime neighborhoods. The report identifies three successful reentry models that reduce recidivism through practices like cognitive behavioral therapy and programming 15-20 hours per week. It recommends The Children's Village adopt a model combining best practices from each, with the goal of helping youthful offenders successfully reenter society.
Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
Running head: PHASE 2 1
PHASE 1 16
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Ken Wiechert
Robert Varela
Lakisha Trammel
Grand Canyon University: ENT-435
06/9/2019
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Innovation is a team activity that involves the intersection of different fields, bringing together diverse ideas, abilities, and/or methods that result in a physical product, a process, or a service that impacts society in a timely manner (National Academy of Engineering, 2015). It is imperative to influence innovation in an organization to stay in existence with other competitors. Before Team B can embrace the final phase of implementing a plan that will captivate the audience buy-in power there are two other phases that need to take place. Phase 1 has already been established and that is to purpose several innovative ideas to nominate for our new product along with a description of the models used to circulate an extensive evaluation of each product. Team B evaluated several innovation ideas mainly using the NOMMAR model which evaluated the customer needs, technology options, potential market, business model, realistic approach, and the relevancy (Miller Competition Series, n.d.). Phase 2 will finalize the name of a product, provide a description of the GenY Xploit gaming console, what value will it provide to our customer needs, utilizing the NOMMAR model a detailed implementation plane that that will include contingency, risks, budget, time frame, target market and visuals to increase readability and professional exploits.
GenY Xploit Gaming Console
Team B unanimously nominated the GenY Xploit gaming console for our new product. Introducing the new GenY Xploit gaming console into the market arena will give gamers a whole new jolt of gaming experience. The gaming console will introduce a unique design of software compatibility that will allow gamers to perform cross-platform gaming to compete with each other online no matter what gaming console they are using.
According to Karlsson, & Nystrom (2003), “The introduction of a new product on the market can basically be made in two different ways. A product can be either totally new to the market or it can be the result of a major change in an existing product” (p 136). The Gen Y Xploit is totally a new gaming console product that has the potential to revolutionize the gaming industry all over the world. Team B is excited and ready to establish this new gaming console to the gaming community world which we feel is hungry and ready for a new gaming console to take center stage. If that is not enough, we are confident that GenY Xploit will fulfill all their desires and needs for centuries to come. Presently, the latest marketing model for the gaming industry consists between two competitors, Microsoft Xbox One X and the Sony PlayStation 4 (PS4), even though the Nintendo Switch is a gaming system they are not equally comparable. It is time to beef up the competit.
Running head PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT1PERSONAL MISSION ST.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
1
PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
4
Personal Mission Statement
Name
PSY/699
Instructor name
date
Personal Mission Statement
To begin with, I have set my eyes on becoming a social worker. Further, through my involvement in the realm of social work, I hope to help as many individuals as I can. For a long a time, I have exhibited immense passion and the need to come to the assistance of individuals who are grappling with a vast array of unsavory circumstances. My passion is as a result of my experiences of the suffering of many people whom I have interacted with throughout my life. Notably, the majority of these people had to contend with abuse and neglect for a long time. Moreover, my need is as a result of my comprehension of the fact that transforming the globe commences with the assistance of a just a single individual and having the ability to empathize with individuals. Having witnessed so much suffering throughout my life, I feel that it is right for me to do whatever I can to bring smiles to faces of individuals who have faced diverse challenging situations in their life. In this way, I believe that I will be able to bring much-needed positive contributions to my preferred profession.
Further, I bring various positive and unique qualities to social work, the most prominent of which include empathy, active listening, and persuasion. Firstly, empathy relates to the capability of an individual to identify with the situation in which another individual is. Undoubtedly, empathy is immensely critical in the realm of social work owing to the fact that it aids those partaking in the field to not only comprehend but also assist others in ascertaining solutions to their problems. Apart from this, active listening is equally critical in social work because it helps in establishing trust, opening doors, and coming to the discovery of important details regarding the people seeking the assistance of social workers. In this way, their unique circumstances can be understood. Additionally, the value of persuasion cannot be stressed enough, as it aids in influencing, coaxing, or inviting individuals to take action, for instance, when it comes to the transformation of client behavior.
With respect to how I see my role in the profession evolving through time, I hope that I will start working as a child welfare social worker in a hospital. I intend to offer services to children who are grappling with abuse and neglect owing to the actions of their parents. On top of this, I intend to assist children coming from families that do not earn enough income. In addition, I hope that I will become a hospital manager of child welfare five years after starting my practice of social work. Following the attainment of two to three years’ experience as child welfare social worker, on top of undergoing additional management training, I hope that I will be able to land the position. In addition, I intend to start a non-profit communit.
Running head PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTPERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 6
Personality development
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to explain the concepts and theories of personality development. People tend to think widely about personality at the workplace, in schools, and in other social events. People place immediate focus on the personality and make judgments about shyness, helpful people. (Davis & Panksepp 2018) Personality makes each individual the way they are. Researchers in psychology and other fields have overtime in history researched how the personality of individuals developed. The development of personality refers to the organization of human behavior patterns, which brings uniqueness amongst various individuals. Many factors can result in personality changes such as the genetic factors, the environment one is living, styles of parenting, and other very important variables. The development of personality allows individuals to adopt an impressive personality and makes one be unique. Various psychologists have developed various theories that explain the development of human personality. Some of the theories of personality development include the psychodynamic theory, neural biological theory, the traits theory, and cognitive theory. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)
Psychodynamic theory
The development of personality takes place through a certain series of stages. Each of these stages has unique conflict features in psychology. The development of human personality is developed from a number of components of the human mind. Feud believed that the three components include the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is concerned with the question "want to do that now," it is characterized by the gratification of certain basic needs and has an aspect of urgency. The superego places focus on some essential rules and morals in society. This is closely related to the commonly referred to as the human conscience. The development happens as individuals grow from childhoods to adulthood. The ego is mainly rational and part of our inner personality. A number of psychologists have criticized the feuds ideas about personality development and have rather applied the effect that the child's environment and their culture affect the development of their personality. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)Alfred explored and developed a very comprehensive theory of psychodynamic personality.
The psychologists focused on the strong drive, which compensates for inferiority feelings. He developed the idea of an inferiority complex which described a situation where an individual lacks their worth and perceive themselves below the standards of other people in the society. Erickson was another psychologist who was very instrumental in the development of psychological development theory. (Brandes 2019) He argued that the development of the human personality was based on t.
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This document discusses the role of social work in criminology and correctional settings. It covers topics such as the definition of criminology, crime, and criminals. It also explores the various career opportunities for social workers in areas like probation, parole, police work, prisons, and more. The document outlines how different social work methods, like case work, group work, community organization, and social action can be applied in correctional institutions. It provides examples of how each method is used. Finally, it discusses the role of social work research and intervention in correctional administration and rehabilitation efforts.
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community ParticipationChantellPantoja184
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation
Leonard A. Jason
DePaul University
This article conveys important and useful information that practitioners can apply in their day-to-day
professional lives by including citizen– consumer– client participation in their work. Three collaborative
action projects are described that yielded significant benefits both for local communities and broader
policy. These interventions, which were on topics as diverse as tobacco use among youth, recidivism
among substance abusers, and chronic fatigue syndrome, were greatly enhanced by the involvement of
citizens. The case studies are presented in such a way that the reader has a sense of how, when, and in
what ways the interventions were collaborative as well as what the outcomes have been vis-à-vis public
policy. The article is intended to encourage professional psychologists to collaborate more fully with
community groups in efforts to expand and improve behavioral health services and policies.
Keywords: citizen participation, public policy, collaboration, community psychology
You might ask why practitioners would be interested in activity
involving community members in their work. With busy practices,
multiple obligations, and an increasingly hectic work world, add-
ing another set of responsibilities might seem to be burdensome
and even counterproductive. Yet, it is very possible that our work
could be immeasurably enriched by obtaining greater involvement
from citizens– consumers– clients. In fact, such work might even
make for more relevant assessments and interventions as well as
better relationships and cooperation with community partners and
local organizations. These types of rich collaborative efforts could
even help bring added attention, publicity, and even public policy
benefits. In fact, whether you are implementing individual-level
interventions at the local level or larger-scale public health projects
at the community or state level, you probably are going to be
involved in making some decisions regarding behavioral health
policies.
In this article, some of the benefits and challenges of mobilizing
citizen participation will be reviewed. Clearly, these collaborations
have important implications for practitioners. For example, it is
possible that bringing community members into our work might
help us better prioritize the needs and interests of our clients and
participants (Chataway, 2001). In addition, a relationship based on
meaningful citizen involvement may be a critical factor for the
sustainability of community efforts (Altman, 1995). In a sense,
there are multiple worthy rationales for citizen participation, in-
cluding its potential in sensitizing, prioritizing, and sustaining
intervention and research efforts, and these collaborative efforts
might also ultimately help us even influence public policy. But
before dealing with these very practical matters, let me first de-
scribe some basic terms that involve the co ...
Criminal behavior Research for system.pptxali2005eisa
The document discusses factors that contribute to criminal recidivism at the micro, meso, and macro levels. At the micro level, individual psychological and social factors influence criminal behavior. At the meso level, law enforcement and community programs aim to shape social environments and reduce crime. At the macro level, societal structures and policies shape criminal justice systems and recidivism rates. Comprehensive interventions are needed across all levels to support rehabilitation and reintegration in order to effectively reduce recidivism.
In Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye, characters like Pauline internalize social roles and ideals of beauty from the films they watch, as cinema serves to indoctrinate patriarchal norms according to Laura Mulvey's theory. Pauline seeks a glamorous identity at the movies but instead feels her low social status reinforced by unattainable onscreen beauty. Film also teaches Claudia to love white baby dolls and internalize their standards of beauty.
effects of applied social sciences processes.pptxmarites leanillo
Applied social sciences aim to improve well-being and social functioning through advocacy, counseling, case management and other skills. Professionals in this field can work in roles like caseworkers, counselors, and community social workers. They observe standards of social justice, dignity, and competence. Self-awareness and understanding how social and individual factors influence behaviors are important for professionals to effectively facilitate individual and social change. Changes in attitudes, behaviors, and structures over the long term are needed to achieve equity and sustainability.
This document summarizes a research study on the involvement and implementation levels of rehabilitation programs among persons deprived of liberty in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology facility in Alta Vista, Ormoc City, Philippines. The rehabilitation programs focus on four major areas: livelihood projects, educational and vocational training, recreation and sports, and religious/spiritual activities. The study aims to assess the levels of involvement and implementation in these programs among three classifications of prisoners - provincial, city, and municipal. It seeks to identify differences between the groups and challenges faced in order to provide recommendations to enhance the rehabilitation programs and better facilitate prisoner reintegration into society.
10/24/21, 4:55 PM Originality Report
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Best Practices in Community Correctional
Best Practices in Community Correctional
Ingrid Hernandez
University of Phoenix
October 17, 2021
Introduction The law enforcement and criminal justice system of the United States embraces community corrections. It is because it helps incarcerated individu-
als get back to the community. The main objective of creating these community corrections is to act as an alternative to imprisonment to those individuals that are in
jail but has shown positive behaviors and have reformed. As this approach occurs mainly outside the prison setting, the authorities enforce strict measures that
restrict the ex-convicts from reoffending and oversee the correctional process. More so, the departments of probation, do supervisions and follow-ups to address the
need of the undergoing community program. Usually, court systems make decisions and also enforces sanctions on the report written by parole officers on if the of-
fenders should be allowed to return to the community. An offender will have completed the process successfully if they show signs of mental stability and
changes in behaviors. This paper will review and analyze the case of Robert, who was incarcerated for drug abuse and armed robbery, describing why commu-
nity correctional assessment is important for him. Additionally, we will determine the needs of this person and describe the evidence-based practices that will enable
him to re-enter society. “Analyzing the case of Robert” Robert was convicted of drug abuse and armed robbery, and he is about to complete his term in jail.
He is twenty-five years old, and he has a criminal history and various past arrests associated with drug possession and robbery. For him being arrested four times and
incarcerated five times, it is hard to know if he would get back into society successfully as a fully r ...
10/24/21, 4:55 PM Originality Report
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CPSS/370: Intake, Assessment, And Classification • Wk 5 - Best Practices in Community Corrections [due Mon]
%56Total Score: High riskIngrid Hernandez
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Total Number of Reports
1
Highest Match
56 %
Best Practices in Community Correctional…
Average Match
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Submitted on
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Best Practices in Community Correctional.docx
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Best Practices in Community Correctional
Best Practices in Community Correctional
Ingrid Hernandez
University of Phoenix
October 17, 2021
Introduction The law enforcement and criminal justice system of the United States embraces community corrections. It is because it helps incarcerated individu-
als get back to the community. The main objective of creating these community corrections is to act as an alternative to imprisonment to those individuals that are in
jail but has shown positive behaviors and have reformed. As this approach occurs mainly outside the prison setting, the authorities enforce strict measures that
restrict the ex-convicts from reoffending and oversee the correctional process. More so, the departments of probation, do supervisions and follow-ups to address the
need of the undergoing community program. Usually, court systems make decisions and also enforces sanctions on the report written by parole officers on if the of-
fenders should be allowed to return to the community. An offender will have completed the process successfully if they show signs of mental stability and
changes in behaviors. This paper will review and analyze the case of Robert, who was incarcerated for drug abuse and armed robbery, describing why commu-
nity correctional assessment is important for him. Additionally, we will determine the needs of this person and describe the evidence-based practices that will enable
him to re-enter society. “Analyzing the case of Robert” Robert was convicted of drug abuse and armed robbery, and he is about to complete his term in jail.
He is twenty-five years old, and he has a criminal history and various past arrests associated with drug possession and robbery. For him being arrested four times and
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Discussion 1In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states th.docxduketjoy27252
Discussion 1
In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states that "Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related theories that help understand why criminal justice – including crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts, and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society" (2012). Answer one of the following questions:
THIS ASSIGNMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE ABOVE. THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT YOU NEED TO DO IS PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON TWO CLASSMATES POSTS. THE LENGTH MUST BE 200 WORDS EACH POST. THERE ARE TWO FEEDBACKS YOU MUST DO. MUST BE POSITIVE FEEDBACK, PROPER GRAMMAR/SENTENCE STRUCTURE, AND ANY OUTSIDE SOURCES YOU USE THAT RELATES TO THE FEEBACK FROM THE STUDENT MUST BE PROPERLY CITED/SCHOLARY SOURCE.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
Robinson discusses many theories in Chapters 3 through 7. Some of these theories are: Biological Theories, Psychological Theories, Integrated Theories, Social Learning Theories, Social Control Theories, Routine Activity Theories, Crime Pattern Theories, Anomie Theories, Strain Theories, Institutional Anomie Theories, Contextual anomie and strain theories, Cultural deviance or subcultural theories.
Select a theory other than rational choice or deterrence theories, and compare and/or contrast it to the post of your classmates’ and/or your instructor.
Does one of these theories clarify your understanding of the crime or criminal issue you intend to examine in your Final Project?
DISCUSSION RESPONSE FROM STUDENT ONE JAYMES W.
Rational choice theories are among the fastest growing theories in social science today. Many sociologists and political scientists defend the claim that rational choice theory can provide the basis for a unified and comprehensive theory of social behavior. What distinguishes rational choice theory from other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds of action other than the purely rational and calculative. All social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as instrumental action, however much of it may appear to be irrational or non-rational.
General deterrence strategies focus on future behaviors, preventing individuals from engaging in crime or deviant by impacting their rational decision making process. Specific deterrence focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. Through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic behavior can be cut down dramatically. Some examples are: shock sentencing, corporal punishment, mandatory arrests for certain behaviors.
Specific deterrence strategies, focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. The concern here is that motives and rationales that lie behind the original behavior can, perhaps, never be delineated, but through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic beh.
The document discusses social work in correctional settings. It begins by defining criminology and explaining the evolution of correctional philosophy from revenge to restraint to reformation and reintegration. It then discusses the use of social casework, social group work, and community organization in correctional settings. The primary objective of corrections is outlined as rehabilitation in order to reintegrate offenders and prevent recidivism.
1CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One Southern New HaEttaBenton28
1
CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One
Southern New Hampshire University
Destiny Nance
CJ 550
September 4th, 2022
CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One
A. What are the departments or subdivisions into which your selected organization is divided, and how do these subdivisions work together as a whole in relation to the mission of the organization?
Office of Programs and Re-entry is an organization that focuses on leadership alongside rehabilitative programs ensuring better lives within the community. The organization is divided into four central departments that work together to achieve a common goal. The first department is the Bureau of program development which focuses on the various designs and implementation of risks and needs assessment tools. It also implements other processes and policies key to the restoration alongside rehabilitation of justice to the affected individual within the surrounding.
The second is the department Bureau of Education, which deals with academic and career issues, including technical education and library services (Bell et al., 2018). The third department is the Bureau of Substance Use Treatment which is helpful in dealing with services assisting in the transition period between incarceration and the return to society. The other department is the Bureau of Chaplaincy services dealing with spiritual matters on inmates and offenders. The last department is volunteering with the FDC to assist in a rewarding experience for the citizens. All the departments work together to achieve the organizational goal and mission in leadership and rehabilitation programs that assist the community. Every department has strict policies that make it possible to ensure that it helps the organization achieve its mission.
B. Describe your selected subdivision, and outline the specific goals and responsibilities of the subdivision, describing how they align with the overall mission of the agency. Consider how the goals of the selected subdivision align with the mission of the agency.
The correction officers have a specific function: protecting the community by leading and supervising offenders and reporting the individual who has failed to comply with the regulations to sentencing. Alongside the organizational mission, the correction subdivision has its designed mission. Its mission is to deliver effective service to the community by service diligently while collaborating with other agencies of the criminal justice community (Bell et al., 2018). As such, it serves the community without violating their rights. The detention department ensures people's safety within the community by protecting the surrounding society in various ways, such as establishing safe, secure, and human supervision. It also provides the confinement of inmates by making them follow the law without violation.
However, the subdivision is faced with challenges like the overpopulation of inmates. The inmates are flocked within the organization, thus posing a chall ...
Applying Restorative Justice in case of Child Victims and OffendersSonal Sheth
India’s existing legal and institutional framework has several dimensions that address the psychosocial needs of children in both cases, when they are victims as well as offenders. Scope of improvisation remains in terms of implementation of the psychosocial care where Restorative Justice offers better framework. Also, Restorative Justice offers broader inclusion of stakeholders and addresses multiple needs. With help of skilled facilitators the quality of justice received by children can become better and also possibly transformative.
This document discusses strategies for addressing deviant behavior, including deterrence strategies, theories of deviance, and policies around suspension and expulsion in schools. It analyzes the goals and effectiveness of four strategies: restorative justice, capital punishment, sentencing circles, and suspension/expulsion policies. Restorative justice aims to repair harm and rebuild relationships, while deterrence strategies like capital punishment aim to preserve law and order but may violate human rights. Sentencing circles provide input from the community on appropriate sentences. Suspension/expulsion policies in schools can help maintain discipline but should be combined with other supports. In conclusion, political campaigns need deterrence strategies against deviant behaviors to promote success and cohesiveness.
Task Force Project—Applying TheoryIn Module 1, you began.docxbriankimberly26463
This summarizes a scholarly article about different approaches to community-based health interventions. It identifies four categories: community as setting, community as target, community as resource, and community as agent. It explains each category and provides examples. It emphasizes the importance of considering a community's social ecology and using theories of change to target multiple levels of influence, not just individual behaviors. Community capacity and civil society are also discussed as important contexts for community health promotion efforts.
This document outlines an argument for alternative sentencing programs to address prison overcrowding. It proposes developing prison-based programs that provide education, treatment, and vocational training to rehabilitate non-violent offenders. Research shows community-based and intermediate sanctions are less restrictive and costly than incarceration, and can reduce recidivism. Successful programs incorporate education, employment preparation, accountability, and transition support to help offenders lead productive lives after release.
Running head PSYCHOLOGY1PSYCHOLOGY7Programmatic pur.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
1
PSYCHOLOGY
7
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Shekima Jacob
South University
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Select and discuss three programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated. In your discussion, provide the rationale for the purposes and outcomes selected. It will be assumed the purposes and outcomes selected were influenced by the program being evaluated.
The program that I will be discussing is human service programs. In the abiding endeavor to enhance human service programs, service providers, policy makers and funders are more and more recognizing the significance of thorough program evaluations. They want to know what the programs achieve, what they spend, and how they must be operated to attain maximum cost efficiency. They want to recognize which programs function for which groups, and they need endings based on proof, as opposed to impassioned pleas and testimonials. The purposes should state the extensive, extensive range result that maintains the mission of the program, including content information areas, performance prospects, and values anticipated of program graduates. Purposes can be stated in wider and more stirring language than outcomes that have to be measurable and specific. Outcome is the reason nonprofit organizations struggle to build capacity and deliver programs. Measurement of outcomes is the systematic way of assessing the extent to which a program has attained its intended results.
The programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated include:
Programmatic purposes
· To monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department.
Without departments, the purpose or goals of human services would be very hard to fulfill. Human services is a very large sector that entails a wide range of skills, knowledge and disciplines focused on enhancing the well being of human both collectively and individually. Just like there are a lot of sectors in human services, so too there are a huge variety of functions of the human service programs that need to be evaluated so as to accomplish the purpose of the program (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995). One of the programmatic purposes of human service programs is to monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department. Any department or even sector requires frequent checks to make sure that it is functioning well and according to the purpose. This purpose is very crucial in the execution of the human service program goals. It needs to be evaluated to make sure that the functions of the health and human service department are in line with the programmatic purposes of the program.
· Assessing internal control over compliance requirements to provide reasonable assurance.
The compliance requirements are very crucial in every program as they make sure that the program is in line with its goals and makes sure it works towards achieving its stipulated outcomes. This purpose needs to be evaluated to m ...
This document provides a recommendation for developing a successful youthful offender reentry program for The Children's Village. It finds that there is a significant link between youthful offenders and mental illness, with 60-65% having been diagnosed with at least one mental illness. Successful reentry is challenging due to barriers like poverty, poor schools, and high crime neighborhoods. The report identifies three successful reentry models that reduce recidivism through practices like cognitive behavioral therapy and programming 15-20 hours per week. It recommends The Children's Village adopt a model combining best practices from each, with the goal of helping youthful offenders successfully reenter society.
Similar to Running Head REENTRY AND REHABILITATION 1REENTRY AND REHABILIT.docx (17)
Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
Running head: PHASE 2 1
PHASE 1 16
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Ken Wiechert
Robert Varela
Lakisha Trammel
Grand Canyon University: ENT-435
06/9/2019
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Innovation is a team activity that involves the intersection of different fields, bringing together diverse ideas, abilities, and/or methods that result in a physical product, a process, or a service that impacts society in a timely manner (National Academy of Engineering, 2015). It is imperative to influence innovation in an organization to stay in existence with other competitors. Before Team B can embrace the final phase of implementing a plan that will captivate the audience buy-in power there are two other phases that need to take place. Phase 1 has already been established and that is to purpose several innovative ideas to nominate for our new product along with a description of the models used to circulate an extensive evaluation of each product. Team B evaluated several innovation ideas mainly using the NOMMAR model which evaluated the customer needs, technology options, potential market, business model, realistic approach, and the relevancy (Miller Competition Series, n.d.). Phase 2 will finalize the name of a product, provide a description of the GenY Xploit gaming console, what value will it provide to our customer needs, utilizing the NOMMAR model a detailed implementation plane that that will include contingency, risks, budget, time frame, target market and visuals to increase readability and professional exploits.
GenY Xploit Gaming Console
Team B unanimously nominated the GenY Xploit gaming console for our new product. Introducing the new GenY Xploit gaming console into the market arena will give gamers a whole new jolt of gaming experience. The gaming console will introduce a unique design of software compatibility that will allow gamers to perform cross-platform gaming to compete with each other online no matter what gaming console they are using.
According to Karlsson, & Nystrom (2003), “The introduction of a new product on the market can basically be made in two different ways. A product can be either totally new to the market or it can be the result of a major change in an existing product” (p 136). The Gen Y Xploit is totally a new gaming console product that has the potential to revolutionize the gaming industry all over the world. Team B is excited and ready to establish this new gaming console to the gaming community world which we feel is hungry and ready for a new gaming console to take center stage. If that is not enough, we are confident that GenY Xploit will fulfill all their desires and needs for centuries to come. Presently, the latest marketing model for the gaming industry consists between two competitors, Microsoft Xbox One X and the Sony PlayStation 4 (PS4), even though the Nintendo Switch is a gaming system they are not equally comparable. It is time to beef up the competit.
Running head PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT1PERSONAL MISSION ST.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
1
PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
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Personal Mission Statement
Name
PSY/699
Instructor name
date
Personal Mission Statement
To begin with, I have set my eyes on becoming a social worker. Further, through my involvement in the realm of social work, I hope to help as many individuals as I can. For a long a time, I have exhibited immense passion and the need to come to the assistance of individuals who are grappling with a vast array of unsavory circumstances. My passion is as a result of my experiences of the suffering of many people whom I have interacted with throughout my life. Notably, the majority of these people had to contend with abuse and neglect for a long time. Moreover, my need is as a result of my comprehension of the fact that transforming the globe commences with the assistance of a just a single individual and having the ability to empathize with individuals. Having witnessed so much suffering throughout my life, I feel that it is right for me to do whatever I can to bring smiles to faces of individuals who have faced diverse challenging situations in their life. In this way, I believe that I will be able to bring much-needed positive contributions to my preferred profession.
Further, I bring various positive and unique qualities to social work, the most prominent of which include empathy, active listening, and persuasion. Firstly, empathy relates to the capability of an individual to identify with the situation in which another individual is. Undoubtedly, empathy is immensely critical in the realm of social work owing to the fact that it aids those partaking in the field to not only comprehend but also assist others in ascertaining solutions to their problems. Apart from this, active listening is equally critical in social work because it helps in establishing trust, opening doors, and coming to the discovery of important details regarding the people seeking the assistance of social workers. In this way, their unique circumstances can be understood. Additionally, the value of persuasion cannot be stressed enough, as it aids in influencing, coaxing, or inviting individuals to take action, for instance, when it comes to the transformation of client behavior.
With respect to how I see my role in the profession evolving through time, I hope that I will start working as a child welfare social worker in a hospital. I intend to offer services to children who are grappling with abuse and neglect owing to the actions of their parents. On top of this, I intend to assist children coming from families that do not earn enough income. In addition, I hope that I will become a hospital manager of child welfare five years after starting my practice of social work. Following the attainment of two to three years’ experience as child welfare social worker, on top of undergoing additional management training, I hope that I will be able to land the position. In addition, I intend to start a non-profit communit.
Running head PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTPERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 6
Personality development
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to explain the concepts and theories of personality development. People tend to think widely about personality at the workplace, in schools, and in other social events. People place immediate focus on the personality and make judgments about shyness, helpful people. (Davis & Panksepp 2018) Personality makes each individual the way they are. Researchers in psychology and other fields have overtime in history researched how the personality of individuals developed. The development of personality refers to the organization of human behavior patterns, which brings uniqueness amongst various individuals. Many factors can result in personality changes such as the genetic factors, the environment one is living, styles of parenting, and other very important variables. The development of personality allows individuals to adopt an impressive personality and makes one be unique. Various psychologists have developed various theories that explain the development of human personality. Some of the theories of personality development include the psychodynamic theory, neural biological theory, the traits theory, and cognitive theory. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)
Psychodynamic theory
The development of personality takes place through a certain series of stages. Each of these stages has unique conflict features in psychology. The development of human personality is developed from a number of components of the human mind. Feud believed that the three components include the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is concerned with the question "want to do that now," it is characterized by the gratification of certain basic needs and has an aspect of urgency. The superego places focus on some essential rules and morals in society. This is closely related to the commonly referred to as the human conscience. The development happens as individuals grow from childhoods to adulthood. The ego is mainly rational and part of our inner personality. A number of psychologists have criticized the feuds ideas about personality development and have rather applied the effect that the child's environment and their culture affect the development of their personality. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)Alfred explored and developed a very comprehensive theory of psychodynamic personality.
The psychologists focused on the strong drive, which compensates for inferiority feelings. He developed the idea of an inferiority complex which described a situation where an individual lacks their worth and perceive themselves below the standards of other people in the society. Erickson was another psychologist who was very instrumental in the development of psychological development theory. (Brandes 2019) He argued that the development of the human personality was based on t.
Running Head PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1PERSONAL NURSING P.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1
PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 2
Personal nursing philosophy
Student name
Professor
Course
Date of submission
This paper focuses more on nursing paradigms that are comprised of four key elements. These factors include persons/clients, health, environment, and nursing, where each is subjected to own theoretical connotation and has an essential role in enhancing and promoting healthcare. In this regard, the paper outlines and contrast approaches and is in line with these four approaches in efforts to attain modern health care. Various theories in this regard try to give a vivid description of the environment and critical role in healthcare. All the stakeholders are therefore supposed to collectively work together as one of attaining a competitive advantage, healthcare and create a conducive work plan that total defense potential alignment of healthcare. This theory creates a personal definition that applies to the scenario in an exemplifying the applicability in the nursing processes (Warren W. Tryon, 2019).
In my analysis and interpretation, Person metaparadigm focuses more on recipient care and the patient. This facet extends and encompasses factors such as culture, personal spiritual aspects, family friends, and the associate economic status. This fact has been proved by a research hat outlined that the current world view of nursing has existentialism and humanism transcendence, which are based on their own interpretation and perception. The nature of intensive care that is acceded to a patient in some cases is based on the personal attribute and predetermined forces that surround one self. The third part is always crucial in attaining healthcare through could and proviso of essential secondary services that help in the healing processes. This is a closely associated environment metaparadigm; it deals with both external and external factors that relate to competent and reliable patient care. Some of the factors that are defined in this phase include interacting with patients, which changes the cognitive perspective of the subject. Visitors, as well as surrounding, are vital factors that can be used to determine and offer the best services to a patient (Saul McLeod,, 2015).
Am sure that nurse and the integrated practices of theories have established s scope and level of abstraction that has developed a proper framework through the nursing situation. Through capacity building a convinced that nurse intervention is the road map of attaining all phenomena and goals of universal healthcare. In this case, the use of cognitive theory appliance is predominating, arguing that intellectual structure and processes must be followed. The nurse must, therefore, attain a high degree of competency through the use of one's thought, interpretation of the environment, and correct assumption. In my opinion, this is the most critical aspect that requires professional input to attain effective, effi.
Running Head PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW1PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW.docxtodd581
Running Head: PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 1
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 2
Philosophical Worldview
Kathy Greggs
Liberty University
05/27/2020
1. Which philosophical worldview most closely aligns with your perspective and the way that you view problems in the world? How so?
The approach in which we view greatly affects the approach in which we take for research purposes. I did not have that idea until I read the philosophical worldview and gained a detailed comprehension of that it involves. From this knowledge, I have found out that from the four philosophical worldview one that closely aligns with my perspective and my view of problems in the world is the pragmatic technique. This is because my approach of viewing and handling issues is based on the experience of the vice theory. Based on pragmatic view, reality exist as physical realities, psychological and social realities that involve subjective experience and perception, language, and culture. Knowledge is based on reality of the world and our experiences (Petersen, & Gencel, 2013).
2. How does understanding the connection between philosophical worldview and research methodology assist in your research approach?
The capability to associate philosophical world views to various research methodologies is essential to me. It aids in making it easier to focus on main issue of research thus making the right decision on the type of data collection methods to be used and the type of data analysis to be used. It is essential to note that the connection between the philosophical worldview and the research approach available since it will aid in defining if I implement the quantitative method or the qualitative approach. Based on the research carried out by Robson and McCarran (2016), the quantitative approach is basically focuses on the natural sciences and numerical data; as the qualitative approach is based majorly on non-numerical data and believed to be better suited for social research on individuals. Nevertheless, as pragmatist both approaches could be implemented based on my perspective or basic consensus.
3. Compare/contrast research philosophical worldview with that of a Christian worldview. Are there any areas that are problematic, or do most philosophical worldviews appear to be congruent with a Christian worldview?
A world view is a way in which we comprehend life and the world as well as the reality. The Christian worldview is a great conceptualization of the world based on a Christian view. Based on the philosophical worldviews, positivism according to me of the only one that is problematic to a Christian word view since it disclaims invisible theoretical concepts (Robson & McCarran, 2016). Post-positivism is a new worldview that tends to replace positivism and it is in line to the Christian worldview since it takes into consideration the uncertainties that positivism rejects. The other approaches are inline to the Christian world view since they are more open to the social n.
Running Head PHIL WORKSHOP1PHIL WORKSHOP 2.docxtodd581
The document discusses the history and challenges facing Best Buy, the largest consumer electronics retailer. It outlines Best Buy's evolution from its founding in 1966 as Sound of Music to its current struggles. Key points include:
- Best Buy is facing declining sales and profits as competitors like Amazon gain market share. Its new CEO is aiming to refocus the company on customer centricity.
- The company changed its business model several times over the decades in response to market changes and competition, from hi-fi audio stores to superstores to a "grab-and-go" format.
- Challenges now include losing market share to online and discount retailers, as well as changing consumer preferences as devices like smartphones replace
Running head PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD .docxtodd581
Running head: PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 1
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 2
Student's name: Emmanuel Domenech
Professor's name: Dr. Tina Wood
Topic: Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Institution: University of Maryland University College
Date: April 14, 2019
Final Project Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Week Four: Philosopher: Thomas Aquinas, Primary Text: Summa Theologica, Part 1, Question 2, Article 1-3
Q1. Does God really exist?
I am highly interested in supporting the philosophy because it has been a debate that has existed for some millennium. God has been the cause of conflict and the reason for peace in some parts of the world. People who find a reason not to believe in him have always been secluded from the rest. Also, those who trust in him have been seen as hypocrites since their mistakes judge them. This is a philosophy that is interesting since it brings about the relationship between socioeconomic and political aspects of human beings in relation to the influence of a supernatural being. I would like to know that God exists in our world and this starts with the materials presented by the Philosophy of Aquinas. I would not want to choose a side and sound bias, but I would like to use facts to present my findings.
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RUNNING HEAD PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLANPERSONAL BRANDING ACT.docxtodd581
RUNNING HEAD: PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN 2
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
NAME
MAY 2019
I) Keywords that best describe myself
a) Strategist
b) Motivator
c) Fitness Consultant
d) Talent enabler
II) Passions and Values
a) Passions
i) Community Service
ii) Healthy and mental fitness living
iii) Mentorship
b) Values
i) Commitment
ii) Integrity
iii) Resilience
III) Value Proposition
I am a servant to my clients. I am entrusted with a task that is vital in personality development. It is paramount that my deeds and speech emulate my training. I am open to criticism and take up challenges easily. This position carries a responsibility to be a custodian of values as well as instill them to those I rub off shoulders with.
IV) Personal Branding/Networking Goals
Develop a blog and post tips twice a week.
Attend organized empowerment talks and apply to become one of the speakers.
Engage in online forums and social media chat rooms.
V) Elevator Pitch
Did you know it takes the average person just two seconds to look at a company logo and decide if they like it? Being a personal trainer, I can tell you for a fact that people judge you as fast as they would with a logo. I am interested in building inter-personal skills as well as maintaining one’s mental fitness. My passion is coming up with unique ways to help my clients express themselves by what they say, do and wear. I would be thrilled to help you achieve your personal goals.
References
How to Give an Elevator Pitch (With Examples). (n.d.). Retrieved from Indeed Career Guide: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/how-to-give-an-elevator-pitch-examples
The Definitive Guide to Personal Branding. (n.d.). Retrieved from Brand Yourself: https://brandyourself.com/definitive-guide-to-personal-branding
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Running head PERFORMANCE1PERFORMANCE2Case Scena.docxtodd581
Running head: PERFORMANCE 1
PERFORMANCE 2
Case Scenario
Case Scenario
The most striking point in this scenario is that the union’s collective bargaining covenant has “decoupled compensation from performance” (Hale, 2007). This means that the worker performance cannot be incentivized through benefits and compensation. This results to the assumption that without anything to gain it would be meaningless to appraise the performance of the workers. Besides, even from the union’s perspective, having performance metrics in hand, especially if they are trending up, can only strengthen their position at the next negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement.
However, it is also clear that the HR director erred in deciding to evaluate the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process by indexing that supposed effectiveness to the number of managers who adopted the process. That metric is useful only if the frequency of adoption is a proxy for gains in performance, a line of reasoning in need of clarification and exposition. One way for the HR director to flesh this out would be to obtain an understanding of why some managers were adopting the new performance appraisal process and why some were not. If the municipality’s managers are in fact concerned with the performance of their units, the survey would presumably point to ways the managers think the new process helps or does not help them get a handle on the productivity of their employees. The advantage of this would be that the survey would provide invaluable feedback, with which the performance appraisal process could be tweaked to address the concerns of the non-adopters and build upon the positives as seen by the adopters. The takeaway is that it is not entirely correct to assert that “the number of managers using the form has no bearing on productivity” (Hale, 2007) – the number of managers adopting the new process could serve to evaluate the process’ effectiveness, but only with some auxiliary development.
As Hale points out, the most straightforward metric for determining the value of the new appraisal process would be to measure “whether performance had improved” (Hale, 202). But, perhaps just as clearly, there seems to be something wrong with the reasoning implicit in that response. It seems shortsighted to apply the broad desideratum of improved performance to the seemingly more fundamental prerequisite initiative of becoming better able to measure performance (Hale, 2007).
Assuming many additional criteria are required to evaluate the value of the HR director’s new appraisal process. Given that the ‘industry’ in question is a municipality, relevant productivity and people performance metrics are to be found in, for example, time-at-task, attainment of objectives, and rework. For example, if the municipality receives a call about a broken water line, the time-at-task involved in repairs, the successful repair, any need for rework, plus response time, all repr.
Running Head PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE1PERTINENT HEALTHCAR.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 1
PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 2
Analysis of Pertinent Healthcare Issue
Students Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Impact of increasing cost in a health organization
Introduction
The cost of receiving healthcare service is becoming a serious national healthcare concern. It has been established that the United States spend more on healthcare, in relation to the national income than any other industrialized nation. However, achieving minimum cost means having to make certain hard compromises which have never been easy. For example, low expenditure on research and development, limitation in terms of the choices of health coverage or healthcare providers and having to wait for long before using new technologies. The health system has gone through a series of transformational changes that has seen the cost of healthcare provision sky-rocket. The most affected are among the 41 million uninsured Americans who are unable to cater for the cost of insurance as well as the underinsured whose coverage program cannot cater for their overall health needs. The major catalyst behind the rising cost of healthcare has been; the rising number of aging population that take great benefit from the technologies created for lengthening life span, lifestyle choices like adoption of sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits resulting to obesity and cardiovascular disorders among others.
Cost impact on health organization.
Increasing cost has impacted the national health organization/system in so many ways. The impacts are not only experienced by the patients but the providers, employers, payers (insurance bodies) and even other employees within the health organization. Firstly, an array of transformational changes has been made i.e. payment transformation where a shift has been made from volume-based (fee-for service payment) which has high cost implications to value-based models and also the development of primary care in attempt to counter increasing cost. The turnover of healthcare providers has also faced a fair share of cost impact. The providers burdened by the feeling of denying patients services due to inability to cater for cost or lack of insurance loses meaning of services and morale to continue with the service. Consequently, advancement in training and education improve the providers’ patient service and more enhanced application of Evidence-Based practice appears costly and unaffiliated hence promoting low morale. Morbidity and mortality cases has been on the rise. Advanced technology used in diagnosis/treatment of serious medical conditions has become expensive and some of them are not covered by the insurance (core payments) hence late interventions taken after serious damage. The is also an indication of lowered patient engagement as far healthcare decision making is concerned since patients with financial challenge have limited options and are sometimes forced to comply with the physici.
Running head Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Pra.docxtodd581
Running head: Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough
Guidelines? An Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 1
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh
Introduction
While it is essential to the practice of healthcare professionals to concern about patient
safety, it is relatively current that it has been transformed into a specific body of knowledge and
therefore patient safety may be considered as a relatively ‘innovative’ discipline. Its core ideas
are to prevent the occurrence of avoidable adverse events (errors, complications and accidents)
accompanying the practice of healthcare and to reduce the impact of unavoidable adverse events.
This is a simple definition for the multifaceted, complexed nature and many key elements in the
practice of patient safety. There are economic, financial, social, cultural and organizational
matters of a patient safety environment that makes it unpractical to simply define it as the
practicing safe health care or protecting patients from harm by health care professionals. It is
essential for all health care professionals and health care organizations to become more
acquainted with the overall framework of patient safety, to dynamically contribute in hard work
to apply patient safety procedures in everyday practice and to create a culture of patient safety
culture (Yamalik & Perea Pérez, 2012).
There is a constant concern and interest in dentistry for matters related to patients and
practicing safe and quality care in the everyday dental practice. Yet, like other health
professions, more attention is given to patient related matters and safety-related matters
(Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
Furthermore, there is an emerging professional consideration of risk management, patient
safety and handling errors. Rather than hiding them, errors are now understood as learning
material and by that, the number of publications on dental errors are increasing. As an example,
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 2
prescribing errors in dental practice is a potential ground for development in the medication
management process and patient safety (Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
An empirical data on the attitudes of dental professionals and dental auxiliaries about the
reporting of medical errors was collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by Al-Nomay et al., (2017),
most respondents (94.4% of them) expressed that medical errors should be reported. Yet, insights
of the norm, personal preferences and existing practices regarding which type of error should be
reported were inconsistent. Only 17.9% of respondents perceived that reporting errors that results
in.
Running head PayneABUS738001PayneABUS738001.docxtodd581
Running head: PayneABUS738001
PayneABUS738001
Human Resource Management and Employee Turnover
BUS-7380 Qualitative Business Research Design and Methodology
Week 1
Amenia Payne
Dr. Lawrence Ness
May 17, 2020
Introduction to Problem
How an organization along with its performance is affected by human resource management (HRM) policies that play an important role in the organization for performance and growth of employees and organization is a widely discussed topic (Boudreau 1991; Jones& Wright, 1992; Kleiner 1990). Different sources contend that work rehearses that advance superior, for example, exhaustive representative enrollment and choice methods, motivator pay, and execution the executives frameworks, and broad worker inclusion and preparing, will in general upgrade the capacities of a company's present and future representative's information, aptitudes, inspiration, just as the maintenance of value workers (Jones and Wright, 1992; U.S. Division of Labor, 1993). The human asset strategies of the association will be in general assistance +7. The year 2006 was the year when HR managers noticed that were approximately 46% and considered employee turnover their top post priority in workforce and organization and that took the peak from 2012 that was 25% in that year.
Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) explained that it has different causes for lessening employee turnover ought to be imperative for any association that involves (1) employee turnover can turn out to be exorbitant rapidly, (2) undesirable turnover influences the presentation of any association, (3) as the accessibility of talented representatives diminishes, it will turn out to be progressively hard to hold looked for after workers. According to a study, it was analyzed that employee turnover can be too costly that annually it can shoot up to 200% of annual salaries that is a great loss for organizations caused mainly due to turnover. Now with these staggering figures, it is very difficult for organizations today to fully understand the concept of employee retention and turnover and how to decrease the overall process and how to handle turnover (Mayhew, 2019). Similarly, trained employees and loyal workforce of the organization get replaced with new employees that take additional time to get trained hence organizations face a loss of time along with loss of resources and money (Iqbal, 2010). Employee turnover should only be done when it is essential for any organization to replace existing employees with new talent and that will only be done when organizations know that this turnover will give benefit and growth to the organization (Meyer, 2011). Employee turnover has termed as a risky choice as it involves the major risks in any organization for current and future project implications by human resource management (Iqbal, 2010).
An organization’s business strategic plans for execution should be contingent on current and potential employees. Throu.
Running head NURSING RESEARCH 1NURSING RESEARCH 7.docxtodd581
Running head: NURSING RESEARCH 1
NURSING RESEARCH 7
Nursing Research
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Nursing research
Obesity and Weight Management Programs
Introduction to the Problem
The problem under investigation in this research is the issue of obesity and weight management. This topic was selected because it the issues is affecting many people today around the world and most significantly in the United States. Thousands of people worldwide are dying from obesity and overweight related illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure among many others (Obesity & weight control: Health risks, weight loss & bariatric surgery, n.d.). Therefore, it has a huge impact on the healthcare system since it has increased the problems that healthcare professionals and facilities are facing. Hospitals are now congested mainly due to diet related illnesses, obesity being at the top of the list, which causes short staffing due to the increasing patients numbers relative to providers’ numbers. The providers, especially nurses, may then suffer from burnout and thus affecting the quality of care that they provide. Several weight management programs have then been created in order to tackle the serious problem of obesity. Therefore, conducting a proper research on obesity and weight management programs is very crucial since it will help in providing in-depth understanding of the whole issue and thus useful in developing and implementing ways that can curb the problem by proper implementation of these programs. This will improve the conditions of healthcare facilities and eventually the quality of care provided.
The Problem
The problem is obesity and weight management programs. Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when an individual has excess body fat or weight that might have some significant effect on his or her health (Hu, 2008). On the other hand, weight management is the process of embracing long-term lifestyle modification to keep a healthy body weight on depending on the age, gender, and height of an individual. They include methods such as eating heathy food and increasing the levels of physical activity. Weight management programs are then the initiatives that are created in controlling the weight of individuals in order to control such conditions as obesity. Managing one’s weight through these programs is very important part of their health because they avoid being overweight and obese to reduce the risks of medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and stroke. The intake of diet considered unhealthy, lack of physical exercise and practicing unhealthy lifestyles such as too much intake of alcohol, smoking may lead to increase in weight, and thus a person is considered overweight. This is when the body contains too much body fat above the required amount. Obesity then occurs after being overweight when the calorie intake of a person goes higher than the amount of energy that .
Running head PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1 .docxtodd581
Running head: PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1
Perceived Benefits and Barriers about the MMR Vaccine among the Parents of a Pediatric
Population in South Florida
Florida International University
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 2
Background
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 4 people
in the United States will be hospitalized and one out of every 1,000 people with measles will
develop brain swelling that could lead to brain damage. Given the possible severity when
obtaining Measles, the CDC recommends to protect children against measles by obtaining a
vaccine that provides enduring insurance against all strains of measles (Measles, 2018). The
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR) is administered in two doses in order to prevent
an individual from obtaining one of those diseases. The first dose was given to children when
they are about 13 months old, which offers 90 to 95% protection against those diseases. The
second dose increases those protection odds to become 99%, which is administered before a
child turns five years old. In order for the vaccine to be immune in our system, we need to
achieve at least 95% of immunity to those diseases (Gardner, 2010).
Side effects of MMR vaccine
There is for all intents and purposes no medication without reactions. Gentle symptoms of MMR
vaccine include the following: fever, mild rash, and swelling of the glands in the cheeks or neck.
Moderate reactions include: febrile seizures, brief joint inflammation, and impermanent
thrombocytopenia. Serious side effects of MMR vaccine are amazingly uncommon, but can
include serious allergic responses. Other serious side effects are rare to the point that it is
difficult to recognize whether they are caused by the vaccine, which includes: deafness, long-
term seizures, coma, lowered consciousness, and lasting brain damage (Mahmić-Kaknjo, 2017).
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 3
Barriers
Obtaining immunization has been viewed as one of the best general wellbeing accomplishments
of the twentieth century for their job in killing smallpox and controlling polio, measles, rubella,
and different irresistible ailments in the United States. Regardless of their adequacy in
forestalling and destroying illness, routine youth vaccine take-up remains problematic. Parent
refusal of immunizations has added to flare-ups of vaccine preventable infections, for example,
measles and pertussis (Maglione, 2014). Late episodes of measles in the United Kingdom and
United States have awoken reestablished worry about vaccination dismissal. The rate of
vaccination take-up has fallen. Individuals' view of vaccine protection and effectiveness has
appeared to be an imperative factor for immunization take-up that, in the meantime, can spread
between people (Medus, 2014).
Research has shown that guardians' frames of mind .
Running Head PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1PATHOPHYSIOLOGY5.docxtodd581
Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5
Pathophysiology
Student name
School
Instructor
Date
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body's immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify whether they were emanating from the condition or any other source of infection.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation needed).
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians must first carry an examination of different body organs them makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors the patients effectively on a close observation. Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next paragraph this p
Invasiv.
Running head PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH1PASTORAL .docxtodd581
Running head: PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 1
PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 36
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Student’s Name
Course
Institutional Affiliation
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Chapter 4 Results4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the researcher is going to present the results and findings obtained from the research. The primary objective of the study was to find out the effects of pastoral counseling on mental health. The researcher conducted a research survey to obtain the relevant data that was required to achieve the research objective. The data collection tool that was used in this study was a survey questionnaire that contained a total of 21 questions. The design of the questionnaire was in line with the specific objectives of this study. This chapter will present the respondents' background information, and the findings obtained from the analysis in line with the research objectives.
4.2 Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics were used in the discussion of the findings of the research. The results were explained using percentages. The target respondents of the study were sampled using simple random sampling. However, the primary target sample was that of people who had experienced some form of mental health at a certain point in their lives. The primary criterion for sampling was that the individual participant must have attained the age of 18 years and above.
4.3 Response Rate
Herein the response rate is the total number of people who completed the survey correctly and met the requirements of the researcher. In this study, a total of 106 participants completed the study. Before the survey was conducted, the respondents were taken through the details of the survey before they could give consent or decline. The reason they were chosen to take part in the study was that they were members of the Deliverance Center for all Nations Church and that they were of 18 years and above.
Further, they were informed of the candidate undertaking the research. Additionally, the researcher told the respondents that the objective of the study was to find out whether the church members sought pastoral counseling as a remedy for addressing mental health issues and whether pastoral counseling had a positive impact on the organization. The respondents were made aware that there was no benefit whatsoever of taking part in the research, and it was voluntary. The potential risks that the respondents would experience in the study were made known to them, which were the same risks one would encounter in their daily lives. The participants were informed that the information they gave would be confidential, and no one else will access them apart from the researcher. Possible contacts were availed to the respondents in case they intended to contact a third party regarding the research.
Once the participants had been taken through the details, they were asked whether they were willing to proceed with the survey or .
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
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What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Running Head REENTRY AND REHABILITATION 1REENTRY AND REHABILIT.docx
1. Running Head: REENTRY AND REHABILITATION 1
REENTRY AND REHABILITATION 2
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Moises Brador
CCJ4497
Anna Leimberg
Florida International University
3/29/20
Introduction:
Rehabilitation of the incarcerated people and providing them
with a safe future is the responsibility of the state. When an
individual commits a crime and becomes an offender, it does
not absolve the state from its responsibility to ensure the basic
human rights of the individual. Rather it becomes more of a
responsibility for the state to ensure the well-being of such an
individual. Criminal psychology shows that criminal deviation
is the result of two factors which are biological and genetic
layout and social factors. No one can be held responsible for the
biological factors or genetic makeup because it is not under
anyone’s control. Secondly, the social factors are generally
exposure to aggression in childhood, dysfunctional families,
negative social impact form violent environment and poverty
etc. These factors are mostly originated from society and not
result from one's individual efforts. Even with the presence of
these factors, no one is denying the fact that the responsibility
of one's actions lies on one's shoulder but at the same time, it
does not free the state from its responsibility towards the well-
being of an offender. The rehabilitation process ought to be for
correction, not punishment but unfortunately, the reentry
2. programs after one has served their due time in a rehabilitation
centre is not very smooth and it does not motivate the individual
to make better choices this time. It is because of standards
rehabilitation and reentry system which does not suit the
individual needs of every individual. The system needs to be
more customized. Furthermore, the frameworks involved in
probation and post-incarceration process need improvement.
This essay will explore the current condition and process of
reentry and rehabilitation of an individual in society and how
this system needs reassessment and continuous monitoring
(Thompkins, Curtis, & Wendel, 2010).
Review of Previous Research:
Many researchers have explored the field of rehabilitation and
reentry in the society. The field of criminal offences, factors
which contribute towards these offences, mindsets of the
offenders and their backgrounds, rehabilitation process and the
reentry constitute a diverse field on which a lot of work has
been done by psychologist and criminologist to not only
understand what enables the criminal activities to happen at
first place and how they can be reduced if not eradicated
through the better rehabilitation process. Through important
outcomes include:
1. Religion can play an important part in the rehabilitation of
people. A study was conducted in an Israeli prison in which
prisoners from several months too many years were questioned
about their dependence on faith to pass through the difficult
time of prison. This study only enrolled those prisoners who
were actively taking part in the religious services pf the prison
and the results showed that their reentry in the society was
relatively more successfully than other offenders.
2. Role of technology is explored in its connection with
rehabilitation and reentry programs. The study showed that
despite being the leading country in the information and
technological advancement in the world, the rehabilitation
process has little employment of technology. All the processes
and approaches are still very much manual and they are not
3. using technology to make it effective. The study introduced the
three-step process for using technology in the rehabilitation
process. The first step is the employment of technology during
the time of an individual in the prison, second is the
employment of technology in reentry and third is digital
rehabilitation.
3. The rehabilitation process is studied in context with cultural
and social values. The culture who are open and more accepting
have high results of reentry and rehabilitation centre are more
successful. On the contrary, the social values which outcast the
offenders for once and for all do not have very promising
results for re-entry and rehabilitation process. Hence the role of
social values and cultural norms is also very important for re-
entry and rehabilitation (SHUFORD, 2018).
Policy Effectiveness:
Reentry program is formulated under policies of social well-
being and programs for the safety of citizens. The policy
effectiveness of any re-entry program can be measured if there
is no repetition of the crime by the same individual or overall
decrease in crime rate. The policymakers formulate the policies
with the intention and aim to reduce the crime rate in the city or
state and ensure safe streets for all citizens. Furthermore, their
aim is to ensure that the offender once freed from the
rehabilitation centre does not resort back to violence. Hence the
sole purpose is to ensure that there is no re-entry into crimes
Furthermore, another main objective of the policy is to make
changes in the attitude and general approach of the offenders
after their time in rehabilitation and his change in attitude must
be positive and less violent. Moreover, policymakers develop
policies to achieve public safety. Through these objectives, the
effectiveness of the policies is measured. If there is general
safety of citizens, because of reduced crime rate and there is no
involvement of old criminals in the crime and violence again,
then there is hope for betterment. Also, change in the attitude of
the offenders after the rehabilitation centre is clearly an
indication that the policies are effective and they are yielding
4. their results. This can be measured through their life choices
and their involvement in violent activities. If these objectives
are not achieved then there is need of corrective policies and
new policies must replace the old policies for better results
(Reisdorf, & Rikard, 2018).
Recommendations:
For better results, it is crucial that new policies are introduced
for rehabilitation and re-entry purpose. Following
recommendations are given for new policies and programs:
1. The evidence-based system ought to be developed which
provides better insights into what I expected of an individual
after their re-entry based on their previous behaviour and
change in their behaviour during their tie in the rehabilitation
centre. There is enough research on their topic. The
policymakers should sue that research and create a tracking
system which could score the habitants of the rehabilitation
centre based on their performance.
2. Digitalization of the reentry programs must be the first
priority of the policymakers. As technology has penetrated in
every aspect of our life and there is more than enough evidence
of its effectiveness and efficiency hence it is high time that
digitalization is introduced in reentry programs and not only in
the reentry programs but also the concept of digital
rehabilitation should be given enough consideration and ought
to be applied in near future.
Religion should be sued for creating more peaceful individuals
during their time in the rehabilitation centre. Aggression leads
to violence and violence leads to serious crimes. Aggression can
be replaced through peaceful minds which is possible through
religion. Religious programs in the rehabilitation centre can
help in making people see where they went wrong and how to
make the right choices in life. This will make the rehabilitation
process fruitful and will also make reentry successful (Garot,
2019).
Conclusion:
Reentry and rehabilitation process is a major part of the justice
5. system which has been unable to deliver the required results due
to overgeneralization of the rehabilitation program for
everyone. This system has its limitation dues to financial
constraints by governments but this needs policy revision by the
state. Introduction of religious programs, digital rehabilitation
and reentry and employment of credit scoring to determine the
change of attitude can help in making rehabilitation and reentry
system effective (Hlavka, Wheelock, & Jones, 2015).
References
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in
the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Ex-offender
Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of
Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation:
A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American
Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing
prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the
prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–
429. https://doi- org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-
9164-z
PUBLISHED BY CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC.
T
6. E
H QC
Libraries and the
Internet
Researcher
Are filters needed to block pornography?
P
eople of all ages — from school kids to senior
citizens — are going to public libraries to use
the Internet. But along with vast sources of
valuable information, the Web also provides
access to X-rated material regarded as unsuitable for
youngsters. A new federal law seeks to limit minors’
access to pornography on the Internet by requiring
federally subsidized libraries to install software filters to
block Web sites with objectionable material. But the
American Library Association and the American Civil
Liberties Union say the law violates freedom of speech.
Supporters and opponents of the law disagree about
7. whether filters work in blocking pornography. They also
disagree about whether using library computers to view
X-rated sites is widespread or rare.
◆ WINNER, SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL
JOURNALISTS AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE
FR
EE
W
EB
T
RI
AL
Se
e
ba
ck
c
ov
erJune 1, 2001 • Volume 11, No. 21 • Pages 465-488
I
N
S
8. I
D
E
THIS ISSUE
THE ISSUES ........................... 467
BACKGROUND ..................... 474
CHRONOLOGY ..................... 475
CURRENT SITUATION ........... 479
AT ISSUE ................................ 481
OUTLOOK ............................. 483
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................... 485
THE NEXT STEP .................... 486
LIBRARIES AND THE INTERNET
466 CQ Researcher
THE ISSUES
467 • Can filtering protectchildren from objection-
able materials?
• Can other policies
protect children from
9. objectionable Internet
materials?
• Is it constitutional to
require libraries to install
filtering?
BACKGROUND
474 Library RightsThe library profession’s
advocacy for intellectual
freedom evolved gradually.
476 Freedom to ReadLibrarians have strength-
ened their commitment to
intellectual freedom.
478 Cyberspace BattlesLibraries are embroiled in
legal battles over efforts to
regulate the Internet.
CURRENT SITUATION
479 Filtering PracticesDiffering views on filtering
emerged in hearings earlier
this year.
480 Legal IssuesThe ALA and ACLU oppose
mandatory filtering.
OUTLOOK
483 Access IssuesSupporters and opponents
of filtering remain at odds
over the effects of the
policy on library patrons’
access to information.
10. SIDEBARS AND
GRAPHICS
468 Most Libraries HaveInternet Connections
Ninety-six percent of public
library outlets are connected.
469 Blocking Software Used atFew Libraries
Three-quarters of the work-
stations can’t block porn.
471 Protecting KidsRecommendations from the
Commission on Online
Children Protection.
472 Can Computers SolvePreservation Problems?
New technologies create
strains on libraries as well as
new opportunities.
474 Many Libraries Treat KidsLike Adults
Nearly half the nation’s
public libraries do not have
separate Internet-use policies.
475 ChronologyKey events since 1876.
477 School Libraries FacingFilter Mandate
Filtering is more widespread
in schools.
481 At IssueShould public libraries use
filters to block pornography?
FOR MORE
11. INFORMATION
485 BibliographySelected sources used.
486 The Next StepAdditional articles from
current periodicals.
487 Citing The CQ ResearcherSample bibliography formats.
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June 1, 2001
Volume 11, No. 21
CQ Researcher
T
H
E
Cover: Young people can use computers in public libraries to
get valuable information from
the Internet — or to visit pornographic Web sites. (AP
Photo/Mark Crosse)
14. June 1, 2001 467CQ on the Web: www.cq.com
BY KENNETH JOST
THE ISSUES
Libraries and the Internet
K
athleen R.’s 12-year-
o l d s o n B r a n d o n
was spending a lot of
time at the Livermore, Ca-
lif., public library, ostensi-
bly working on his home-
work. But when Kathleen
looked inside his gym bag
one day, she found some-
thing besides dirty clothes:
a cache of dirty pictures
from pornographic Web
sites.
“He was spending the
whole time at the library
downloading pornography
and taking it to my brother’s
house and printing it,” Kathleen re-
calls today. “I had a fit.”
Kathleen — who shields her last
name to protect her son from pub-
licity — complained to the librarian,
15. who said there was nothing she could
do. So Kathleen went to court to
force the library to install software
filters to block sites with sexually
explicit material. “I can’t have porno
day in my house for the neighbor-
hood kids,” she explains. “So I want
to know why the library can.”
California courts rejected Kathleen’s
suit, but the state legislature is now con-
sidering a bill to require public libraries
to install filters to block pornographic
sites. “We lost the battle,” Kathleen says,
“but we’re winning the war.” 1
In fact, Congress is on her side on
the issue, which is roiling librarians
and library boards throughout the
country. A new law, approved by
Congress in late December and
signed by President Bill Clinton, re-
quires all federally subsidized school
and public libraries to install soft-
ware on their computer terminals to
block “visual depictions” of obscen-
ity, child pornography and sexual
matter deemed “harmful to minors.”
Some patrons, however, say they
want no limits on Internet access
from library computers. Carol Will-
iams, an administrative assistant to a
civil liberties organization in Phila-
delphia, says her teenaged niece,
Marnique Tynesha Overby, needs an
16. unfiltered gateway to the Internet in
her local public library. “With the
filtering system, you put in breast
cancer or sexually transmitted dis-
eases, and you couldn’t possibly get
to some of the sites out there,” says
Williams. She points out that young
people may use Web sites to find
information about sexual subjects that
they do not feel comfortable discuss-
ing with their parents or caregivers.
Williams cannot afford a personal
computer in her home, so the library’s
terminals are essential to her niece,
who lives with her. Williams says
filtering is just wrong. “It’s censor-
ship,” she concludes.
The library establishment agrees
with Williams. The American Library
Association (ALA) strenuously op-
posed the filtering legislation as it
worked its way through Congress and
filed suit in federal court as it was
about to take effect. The group con-
tends the measure violates the
free-speech rights of libraries
and library patrons.
“Filters are anathema to
what we as librarians want to
accomplish,” says Judith Krug,
director of the ALA’s Office of
Intellectual Freedom. “The
17. best filter is the individual.
Every bit of information is not
appropriate for every indi-
vidual, but the best person to
make that decision is the in-
dividual or, for children, in
concert with their parents or
guardians.”
Supporters of the law, how-
ever, contend that the mea-
sure is needed to make librar-
ies safe for young people.
“This simply says the federal govern-
ment is not going to subsidize getting
hard-core pornography in the librar-
ies,” says Bruce Taylor, president of
the National Law Center for Children
and Families, an anti-pornography
group. Without filters, Taylor says,
“the library becomes the peep show
section of adult bookstores.”
The law — the Children’s Internet
Protection Act or CIPA (known as
CIPA, or sometimes, CHIPA) — rep-
resents Congress’ third attempt in four
years to limit young people’s access
to sexually explicit material on the
Internet. The Supreme Court struck
down the first of the laws: the 1996
Communications Decency Act (CDA).
Congress responded by enacting a
modified Child Online Protection Act
(COPA) in 1998, but federal courts
18. have blocked that law from going
into effect, too.
For libraries, the filtering issue
merges a new technology that is
revolutionizing access to information
with a 60-year tradition of battling for
intellectual freedom. 2 Computer ter-
minals are now nearly universal in
school and public libraries. Students
who once went to the library to use
Numerous computer workstations are available at the New
York Public Library’s Science, Industry and Business
Library, one of four NYPL research libraries. Many of
the system’s 85 branches provide computer training.
N
e
w
Y
o
rk
P
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b
li
c
L
ib
ra
ry
19. LIBRARIES AND THE INTERNET
468 CQ Researcher
books and encyclopedias to do their
homework now find the information
they need on the Web.
“It’s a big part of the way we
provide the public access to informa-
tion,” says Ginny Cooper, library
director for Multnomah County, Ore.,
serving Portland. Her library system
is the lead plaintiff in a second law-
suit challenging the new law, filed by
lawyers for the American Civil Liber-
ties Union (ACLU).
Before the new law went into
effect, only a small number of the
nation’s estimated 16,000 public li-
brary outlets * were using filters,
according to a survey by the U.S.
National Commission on Library and
Information Science. The survey,
completed last year, showed that
about 10 percent of public libraries
used blocking software on all com-
puter terminals and another 15 per-
cent provided blocking at some
workstations. (See graph, p. 472.) By
contrast, about three-fourths of school
20. libraries use filtering or blocking
software, according to the National
Center for Education Statistics.
ies,” says David Biek, manager of the
main library in Tacoma, Wash.
David Burt, a former librarian in
the Portland, Ore., suburb of Lake
Oswego, says sentiment in support
of filtering among librarians is in-
creasing. “The problems have gotten
so much worse as the Internet has
gotten more pervasive in libraries and
pornography is much more perva-
sive in libraries,” he says.
As for the threat to intellectual
freedom, some librarians say the
ALA’s arguments are overblown. “The
dogma that the ALA establishment
frequently espouses is put forward as
an absolute: If you touch this, every-
thing else will fall,” says Donald
Davis, a professor at the University of
Texas Graduate School of Library and
Information Science in Austin. “There
is a danger of that, but it is exagger-
ated.”
In addition to the legal and philo-
sophical arguments, there is a prac-
tical technological question: Do the
filters work? Theoretically, filtering
software looks through a Web site
for objectionable material and blocks
21. the site when the program finds the
words or images specified by the
programmer.
Critics, however, say filtering pro-
grams are notoriously inaccurate in
practice: They block sites that should
not be blocked (“overblocking”)
while sometimes failing to block sites
that should be (“underblocking”). In
a test of six well-known filters, Con-
sumer Reports found that several
failed to test certain “inappropriate”
sites and that some blocked “harm-
less” sites — in some cases based on
what the magazine called “moral or
political value judgments.” 3
But Burt, who now works for
N2H2, a filtering-software company
in Washington state, says the critics
are off base. Other filtering compa-
nies also defend their products. “Fil-
ters do work; they work very well,”
says Susan Getgood, a vice president
Most U.S. Libraries Have Internet Connections
Connections to the Internet increased rapidly in recent years at
the
nation’s 16,000 public library outlets. Today, Internet
connections,
and public Internet access, are almost universal in the United
States.
Source: National Commission on Libraries and Information
22. Science, “Public
Libraries and the Internet 2000: Summary Findings and Data
Tables,” Sept. 7, 2000.
1998 1999
84%
96
73%
95
Public Library
Connections
Public Access
to Internet
* The figure for library outlets includes all branches
of the nation’s 8,967 library systems.
Librarians opposed to filters say
they clash with their understanding
of providing free and open access to
information. “The major loss is the
loss of First Amendment rights and
the concern about people’s ability to
find information freely and openly,”
says Leigh Estabrook, dean of the
University of Illinois Graduate School
of Library and Information Science at
Champaign. “It’s an enormously high
price to pay concerning the funda-
mental freedoms that we have.”
23. Librarians who support filters,
however, argue that most parents do
not want their children using library
terminals to view sexually explicit
material or being exposed to porno-
graphic images on screens being
viewed by other patrons. “Many
people would feel uncomfortable
enough to stop coming to the librar-
June 1, 2001 469CQ on the Web: www.cq.com
of the California-based company
SurfControl. “Our customers buy
them and renew them year after year
because they do work well.”
For the moment, the government
has decided that libraries have until
July 2002 to decide whether to install
filters without fear of losing federal
aid or federally mandated discounts
for Internet services.
As librarians and library patrons
continue to make greater and greater
use of the Internet, here are some of
the major questions being debated:
Can filtering protect children
from objectionable materials on
the Internet?
24. A commission created by Congress
spent nearly two years studying ways
to reduce youngsters’ access to sexu-
ally explicit materials on the Internet.
The report by the 18-member group
called on schools and libraries to
voluntarily adopt Internet-use poli-
cies, but stopped short of recom-
mending mandatory use of filtering
software.
“No single technology or method
will completely protect children from
harmful material online,” Donald
Telage, chairman of the commission,
said in announcing the commission’s
95-page report. Filters are “hopelessly
outgunned.” 4
Filtering opponents hailed the
commission’s report. “We hope Con-
gress sees this as a wake-up call” to
reject mandatory filtering, an ACLU
spokeswoman said. But some com-
mission members repeated their sup-
port for the legislation. “If you use
federal money for the Internet, we
want you to take appropriate steps to
make sure that kids are safe when
they’re online using our money,” said
Donna Rice Hughes, vice president
of the anti-pornography group
Enough Is Enough.
The simplest filters block Web sites
that contain designated words or
25. phrases anywhere on the site. Critics
say this type of filter carries an inevi-
table risk of “overblocking” — pre-
venting access to a site about “breast”
cancer, for example, or even a site
about the “Mars explorer” because of
the embedded three-letter sequence
“s-e-x.” At the same time, opponents
say, some filters fail to block Web
sites with patently objectionable
material (“underblocking”).
Filtering supporters, however, say
newer software is finer-tuned — look-
ing at entire sites, not just an isolated
word or phrase — and are therefore
less susceptible to inaccurate block-
ing. “The modern generation of fil-
ters do a very good job,” says Taylor
of the National Law Center for Chil-
dren and Families. And filters will get
better, he says, because the new law
“uses federal incentives to foster
advances in filtering technology.”
“There is a small amount of error,”
says Burt of N2H2. “But when we
talked with schools or with libraries,
we found that’s something that they
don’t encounter much. And when
they do encounter it, the librarian
can override it.”
Opponents of filtering are
26. unconvinced. “Filtering software
does not work,” says Margaret
Dempsey, head of Chicago’s public
library system. “It arbitrarily blocks
words over which we have no con-
trol, and it inhibits access to legiti-
mate research sites.”
“Experts continue to uncover thou-
sands and thousands of [blocked] sites
that people could not conceivably
think are unsuitable for minors,” says
ACLU attorney Ann Beeson. “I’m not
talking about controversial sites.”
Defending the law, Taylor stresses
that it requires libraries to block
access only to visual depictions —
not text — that fall into three catego-
ries that are already illegal.
“Libraries have responsibilities to
block illegal materials: obscenity,
Few Libraries Use Blocking Software
The Internet workstations at three-quarters of the nation’s
public
libraries do not have software that can block the downloading of
certain words or information, such as X-rated material. Only 10
percent of the libraries have blocking software at all
workstations.
Blocking of Internet services on
all workstations
27. Blocking on some workstations
No blocking
9.6%
75.5%
15%
Note: Total does not add to 100% due to rounding.
Source: National Commission on Libraries and Information
Science, “Public
Libraries and the Internet 2000: Summary Findings and Data
Tables,” Sept. 7, 2000.
LIBRARIES AND THE INTERNET
470 CQ Researcher
child pornography and material that
is harmful to minors within state law,”
he says.
But Teresa Chmara, a Washington
lawyer representing the ALA in chal-
lenging the law, says all three catego-
ries require judgments that cannot be
made by a computer program. “Fil-
ters cannot make the legal determi-
nation whether material is obscene
or harmful to minors,” she says.
28. Burt counters, however, that li-
brarians are already charged with
making those kinds of judg-
ments. “People who work
for filtering companies can
apply a standard just as
readily as a librarian can,”
he says.
The law includes a fail-
safe provision that allows a
librarian to “disable” a filter-
ing program in order to give
a patron access to blocked
material “for bona fide re-
search or other lawful pur-
poses.” “Even if a filter in-
advertently blocks some-
thing,” says Taylor, librar-
ians “have the ability to
unblock it.”
But librarians and civil
liberties advocates say that
procedure is an unfair bur-
den on library patrons’ pri-
vacy. “Most adults will be
too stigmatized to go ask a
librarian for access to a site
that has already been
blocked,” Beeson says. In addition,
librarians say it is unclear how they
are to decide what constitutes “bona
fide research” for purposes of the
law.
29. Even if filters did work as adver-
tised, many librarians believe that the
law gives them a responsibility for
monitoring children’s Internet usage
that instead ought to lie with parents.
“I am not going to become the parent
in absentia,” the ALA’s Krug says.
“It’s not our role. It’s not our respon-
sibility, either legally or by virtue of
being a librarian.”
But Burt says libraries have always
had the responsibility to select the
informational materials in their col-
lections. “This is a very reasonable
approach to a serious problem,” Burt
says, “and it’s within the traditional
mission of public libraries.”
Can other policies protect
children from objectionable
Internet materials?
The Tacoma library uses a filtering
software designed by its systems
manager to block visual depictions of
sexual acts or full nudity on com-
puter terminals. By analyzing the logs
of Internet sessions, librarians com-
piled some interesting information
about the extent of the use of library
computers for access to sexually
explicit materials.
The findings, detailed in a paper
30. prepared for a branch of the National
Academy of Sciences, show that
Tacoma library patrons made nearly
28,000 attempts to access sexually
explicit materials on the Internet
during the calendar year 2000. Most
of those efforts — about 53 percent
— were by youngsters under age 18.
And three-quarters of the logged
entries occurred in the late afternoon,
after kids leave school but before
they go home for dinner.
Librarian Biek found the numbers
disturbing. “Certainly, staff at the
Tacoma Public Library would not
have guessed that Internet
users made nearly 28,000 at-
tempts to access sexually
explicit materials last year,”
Biek wrote in the 17-page
report. “Many young people
are not making ‘good choices’
in their use of the Internet,
and it is debatable whether
classes and tips offered by
the library will affect this.” 5
Biek’s support for filtering
in libraries puts him at odds
with the position of the ALA
and most librarians who have
joined in the public debate.
They argue that a combina-
31. tion of formal Internet poli-
cies, patron education and li-
brarian oversight will ad-
equately control misuse of
library computers by minors
or adult users.
“There are all kinds of
ways libraries have developed
in working with their com-
munities,” says the ALA’s Krug. “Some
libraries have contacts with kids,
some have contacts with the kids and
their parents. If libraries have poli-
cies, they will say you are not follow-
ing the rules.”
Librarians opposed to filtering
emphasize their efforts to educate
young patrons on using the Internet.
“The Internet is not a very fine tool,”
says Portland library director Cooper.
“It’s still pretty difficult to get infor-
mation there. And with kids, we feel
Marnique Tynesha Overby, 15, tells a press conference why
she joined the ACLU in challenging a new federal law
requiring federally subsidized libraries to install “blocking”
software on their computers. She said she relies on public
libraries for Internet access to help with homework
projects on health and cultural issues.
A
32. m
e
ri
ca
n
C
iv
il
L
ib
e
rt
ie
s
U
n
io
n
June 1, 2001 471CQ on the Web: www.cq.com
we have a special responsibility to
help them get information that’s ap-
propriate for them.”
The Chicago Public Library employs
tech-savvy college and high school stu-
33. dents as “cyber-navigators” to assist
young patrons in using the Internet. The
program, funded by AT&T, “has been
really wonderful,” says Chicago library
chief Dempsey.
Tacoma’s Biek agrees that young
patrons need instruction on using the
Internet, but he says training is un-
likely to reduce the misuse of library
terminals to view pornography. “Most
of these were very obviously inten-
tional acts,” Biek says, referring to
the Tacoma library study. “No amount
of education is going to change a
person who wants to look for sexu-
ally explicit materials on the Internet
if that’s their intent.”
Filtering opponents suggest sev-
eral other steps. Some libraries use
privacy screens to block other pa-
trons’ view of a user’s screen. Time
limits on computer use — necessi-
tated by the demand for terminals —
also help control viewing of objec-
tionable materials, librarians say. And
most libraries, it appears, set termi-
nals in children’s areas to log onto
customized home pages designed for
kids with links to other age-appropri-
ate sites.
But supporters of filtering say these
steps are inadequate. “We had pri-
34. vacy screens,” Burt says of his expe-
rience in the Lake Oswego Library.
“That seemed to encourage people.
We had one man in particular who
took delight in taking the privacy
screen off and having women see
what he was looking at.”
Supporters of filtering believe that
librarians simply disagree with the
goal of regulating young people’s
use of the Internet in libraries. “They
won’t because they don’t want to,”
says Taylor of the National Law
Center for Children and Families.
“They have said that they think it’s
their job as libraries to provide un-
filtered access to the Internet to
anyone, whatever age. They have
said that they have no intention of
providing filtering because they be-
lieve it’s censorship.”
Librarians frame the issue in those
terms themselves, though with a more
favorable spin. “Librarians have taken
the position that without limiting
adult reading material, they cannot
limit reading material for children,”
says Louise Robbins, director of the
University of Wisconsin School of
Library and Information Studies in
Madison. “The librarian’s responsibil-
ity is to make as much information
available as possible — given the
35. constraints of budget, space and
expertise — and let citizens make
decisions about what materials they
need,” she says.
Is it constitutional to require
libraries to install filtering?
When Congress passed the CDA
five years ago making it a crime to
transmit sexually explicit materials to
minors across the Internet, the ACLU
and the ALA challenged it in federal
court as unconstitutional. As one of
their arguments, the two groups
contended that there was a less re-
strictive way to control youngsters’
access to pornography on the Web:
filters.
The Supreme Court unanimously
agreed that the law violated the First
Amendment. But now that Congress
has passed a law requiring software
filters in public and school libraries,
Protecting Kids From Web Porn
Public Education
• Major education campaign by government and private
sector to promote awareness of technologies and
methods to protect children online.
• Promotion of acceptable use policies by government
and industry.
36. Consumer Empowerment
• Independent evaluation of child protection technologies.
• Steps by industry to improve child-protection
mechanisms and make them more accessible online.
• “Broad, national, private-sector conversation” on
development of next-generation systems for labeling,
rating and identifying content.
Law Enforcement
• Government funding of “aggressive programs” to
investigate, prosecute and report violations of federal
and state obscenity laws.
• Listing by state and federal law enforcement of Internet
sources found to contain child pornography or obscenity.
• Federal rulemaking to discourage deceptive or unfair
practices that entice children to view obscene materials.
Industry Action
• Voluntary adoption by Internet service provider industry
of “best practices” to protect minors.
• Voluntary steps by online commercial adult industry to
restrict minors’ access to adult content.
T he Commission on Online Child Protection recommended the
following measures to help reduce access by minorsto sexually
explicit material on the Internet:
37. LIBRARIES AND THE INTERNET
472 CQ Researcher
the ACLU and the ALA say that it, too,
is unconstitutional.
Supporters of the new law — CIPA
— say that given their previous po-
sition, the ACLU and ALA are being
disingenuous today in attacking fil-
tering. “They waited to come out
against filtering until the CDA was
declared unconstitutional,” maintains
Burt of N2H2. “Then, as soon as the
CDA was declared unconstitutional,
they turned around and said, ‘Wait.
Filters don’t work. You can’t use them
in libraries.’ ”
Lawyers for the two groups insist,
however, that there is no inconsis-
tency between their positions in the
two cases. “We don’t have a problem
Are Computers the Answer . . .
I
magine reading Mark Twain’s account of a trip to
France in a Western literary journal published in 1868
while sitting at your home computer rather than
standing in the dark and dusty stacks of a …
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Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in
the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
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Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of
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Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the
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Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the
formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4),
465–477. https://doi-
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Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation:
A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American
Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between
services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those
with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use:
Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing
prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the
prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–
429. https://doi- org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-
9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M.
39. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of
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org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
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45. Issue/problem to be
considered critically is stated
without clarification or
description.
Issue/problem to be
considered critically is stated,
but description leaves some
terms undefined, ambiguities
unexplored, and/or
backgrounds unknown.
Issue/problem to be considered
critically is stated, described, and
clarified so that understanding is
not seriously impeded by
omissions.
Issue/problem to be considered
critically is stated clearly and described
systematically, delivering all relevant
information necessary for full
understanding.
Sources and Evidence
Selecting and using information
to investigate a point of view or
conclusion
Information is taken from
source(s) without any
interpretation or evaluation.
46. Information is taken from
source(s) with some
interpretation/evaluation, but
not enough to develop a
coherent analysis.
Information is taken from
source(s) with enough
interpretation/evaluation to
develop a coherent analysis or
synthesis.
Information is taken from source(s)
with enough interpretation/evaluation
to develop a widespread analysis or
synthesis.
Influence of Context and
Assumptions
Considers where appropriate the
disciplinary, cultural, social,
economic, technological, ethical,
political, or personal context
Shows an emerging awareness
of present assumptions
(sometimes labels assertions as
assumptions). Demonstrates
minimal attention to context.
Questions some assumptions.
Identifies several relevant
contexts when presenting a
47. position. May be more aware of
o he a mp ion han one
own (or vice versa).
Iden ifie o n and o he
assumptions and several relevant
contexts when presenting a
position.
Thoroughly (systematically and
me hodicall ) anal e o n and o he
assumptions and carefully evaluates the
relevance of contexts when presenting a
position.
S den Po i ion
Perspective, thesis, hypothesis
Specific position (perspective,
thesis/hypothesis) is stated,
but is simplistic and obvious.
Specific position (perspective,
thesis/hypothesis)
acknowledges different sides of
an issue.
Specific position takes into account
48. the complexities of an issue.
Others' points of view are
acknowledged within position
(perspective, thesis/hypothesis).
Specific position is imaginative, taking
into account the complexities of an
issue. Limits of position are
acknowledged.
Others' points of view are synthesized.
Conclusions and Related
Outcomes
Implications and consequences
Conclusion is inconsistently
tied to some of the
information discussed; related
outcomes (consequences and
implications) are
oversimplified.
Conclusion is logically tied to
information (because
information is chosen to fit the
desired conclusion); some
related outcomes
(consequences and
implications) are identified
clearly.
49. Conclusion is logically tied to a
range of information, including
opposing viewpoints; related
outcomes (consequences and
implications) are identified clearly.
Conclusions and related outcomes
(consequences and implications) are
logical and eflec den info med
evaluation and ability to place evidence
and perspectives discussed in priority
order.
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1
Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
1
TITLE OF YOUR PAPER
50. Title of Your Paper
Name
Florida international University
Abstract
Research consistently finds…….
……
……
62. Capstone Paper
Directions
You will critically analyze and evaluate a criminal justice
policy and make an evidence-based recommendation on whether
or not the policy should be eliminated. For your research, you
can choose from the list of criminal justice policies provided on
Canvas that may be of interest to you.
This paper will be written in the form of a Policy Brief. It
should:
· Provide enough background for the reader to understand the
problem.
· Convince the reader that the problem must be addressed
urgently.
· Provide information about alternatives
· Provide evidence to support one alternative
· Stimulate the reader to make a decision.
Please keep the following requirements in mind:
· Your typewritten paper should be approximately 2,000 words
(+/- 500 words); this number does not include the title, abstract,
and reference pages. Please include the word count in the title
page.
· The paper will require an APA title, Abstract, and reference
page(Not included in the total pages required).
· The paper must be double-spaced, with 1.0-inch margins, in
Times New Roman, 12-point type size, font.
· Your paper must draw from a minimum of 10 sources, which
must be cited correctly in the text and be documented correctly
in the reference page. These sources should be articles from
academic journals or books published by an academic press, or
other credible sources (NO Wikipedia, Huffington Post,
63. Washington Post, CNN). Your textbook may be used as a source
but does not count towards the 5 that are required.
· Do not include theses or dissertations as references.
References and in-text citations must be in APA format.
· You need to write your paper in a professional manner. You
should review it for grammar and mechanics errors. If you need
any additional assistance with your paper, you may make an
appointment with FIU’s Center for Excellence in Writing for
tutorial services. Be sure to do so in advance as spots fill
quickly. The link for more information is:
https://writingcenter.fiu.edu/make-an-appointment/
· Assume that I lack any knowledge on your topic.
· The capstone paper should include five sections: Introduction,
Review of Previous Research, Policy Effectiveness,
Recommendation(s), and Conclusion.
· Your paper is subject to review for text comparison by
Turnitin.com, a plagiarism detection service. Any papers that
yield a higher percentage (typically above 20%) will be
investigated thoroughly. Please refer to the syllabus regarding
penalties and disciplinary actions that may result from
plagiarism. When in doubt, cite!
· To submit your paper, you will upload your Word document
electronically through a link located on the CCJ 2020 Canvas
portal on or before the day and time that your paper is due.
· This writing assignment will be graded according to the
criteria indicated in the rubric.
· This writing assignment is worth 40% of your final grade.
· Late assignments will NOT be accepted and will result in a
grade of “0.”
Additional Information
Title Page
The title page should be the first page of your writing
assignment. Directions on how to construct a proper APA title
page may be found at this link:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/. Also, see
64. example provided in the Week 6 Module on Canvas. The title
aims to catch the attention of the reader and compel him/her to
read on, thus your title should be descriptive, punchy, and
relevant.
Abstract
The abstract should be a 200-250 word summary of your
research and thesis. The purpose of this element is to help the
reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. Also, see example
provided in Week 1 Module on Canvas.
Introduction (Context and importance of the problem)
The purpose of this element of the brief is to convince the target
audience that a current and urgent problem exists which
requires them to take action. The context and importance of the
problem is both the introductory and first building block of the
brief. It should include: a clear statement of the problem, an
overview of the root causes of the problem, and a clear
statement of the policy implications of the problem which
clearly establishes the current importance and policy relevance
of the issue.
Review of Previous Research/Policy Effectiveness
The aim of this element is to detail shortcomings of the current
approach or options being implemented and therefore, illustrate
both the need for change and focus of where change needs to
occur. It should also detail the evidence about what will likely
work better. This section should include: an overview of the
policy option(s) in focus and the evidence illustrating why and
how the current approach is failing and why and how another
option is not failing.
Policy Recommendations
65. The aim of this section is to provide a detailed and convincing
proposal of how the failings of the current policy approach need
to change. This can be achieved by including: a breakdown of
the specific practical steps or measures that need to be
implemented. It could also be useful to emphasize the
importance of action.
Conclusion
This section should summarize briefly what the readers should
take away from your policy brief. This section should briefly
restate your thesis and summarize your main points. Any future
implications or additional insights may be added here.