Water pollution occurs when harmful substances are directly or indirectly introduced into water bodies without treatment. It affects both aquatic plants and organisms, damaging individual species and disrupting natural biological communities. Common causes of water pollution include chemical, biological, and physical contaminants from industrial, agricultural, and domestic human activities which degrade water quality and disrupt ecosystems. Effective treatment and management is needed to control pollution at its sources and prevent further health and environmental impacts.

1. Water pollution
Water pollutionisthe contaminationof waterbodies(e.g.lakes,rivers,oceans,aquifersand
groundwater).Thisformof environmentaldegradationoccurswhenpollutantsare directlyorindirectly
dischargedintowaterbodieswithout adequatetreatmenttoremove harmful compounds.
Water pollutionaffectsthe entirebiosphere–plantsand organismslivinginthese bodiesof water.In
almostall casesthe effectisdamagingnotonlyto individualspeciesandpopulation,butalsotothe
natural biological communities.
INTRODUCTION
Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policyat
all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells).It has been suggested thatwater pollution is the leading
worldwide cause ofdeaths and diseases, and thatit accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An
estimated 580 people in India die of water pollution related illness every day. About 90 percentof the water in the
cities of China is polluted. As of 2007, halfa billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water.n addition to the
acute problems ofwater pollution in developing countries,developed countries also continue to struggle with pollution
problems. Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired byanthropogenic contaminants and either
does notsupporta human use,such as drinking water,or undergoes a marked shiftin its ability to supportits
constituentbiotic communities,such as fish.Natural phenomena such as volcanoes,algae blooms,storms,and
earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status ofwater.

2. Causes
The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals,
pathogens, and physical changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many
of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (calcium,
sodium, iron, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a
natural component of water and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally
occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.
Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and
grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may
cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of
some fish species
Many of the chemical substancesare toxic.Pathogenscanproduce waterbornediseasesineither
humanor animal hosts.[13] Alterationof water'sphysical chemistryincludesacidity(changeinpH),
electrical conductivity,temperature,andeutrophication.Eutrophicationis anincrease inthe
concentrationof chemical nutrientsinanecosystemtoan extentthatincreasesinthe primary
productivityof the ecosystem.Dependingonthe degree of eutrophication,subsequentnegative
environmental effectssuchasanoxia(oxygendepletion)andsevere reductionsinwaterqualitymay
occur, affectingfishandotheranimal populations.
Organic, inorganic and macroscopic contaminants
Contaminantsmayinclude organicandinorganicsubstances.
A garbage collectionboominanurban-areastreaminAuckland,New Zealand.
Organicwater pollutantsinclude:
Detergents
Disinfectionby-productsfoundinchemicallydisinfecteddrinkingwater,suchaschloroform
Foodprocessingwaste,whichcaninclude oxygen-demandingsubstances,fatsandgrease
Insecticidesandherbicides,ahuge range of organo halidesandotherchemical compounds
Petroleumhydrocarbons,includingfuels(gasoline,diesel fuel,jetfuels,andfuel oil) andlubricants
(motoroil),andfuel combustionbyproducts,fromstormwaterrunoff
Volatile organiccompounds,suchasindustrial solvents,fromimproperstorage.

3. Thermal pollution
.
Thermal pollutionisthe rise orfall inthe temperature of anatural bodyof watercausedby human
influence.Thermal pollution,unlike chemical pollution,resultsinachange inthe physical propertiesof
water.A commoncause of thermal pollutionisthe use of wateras a coolantby powerplantsand
industrial manufacturers.Elevatedwatertemperaturesdecreaseoxygenlevels,whichcankill fishand
alterfoodchaincomposition,reduce speciesbiodiversity,andfosterinvasionbynew thermophilic
species. Urbanrunoff mayalsoelevate temperature insurface waters.
Control of pollution
Sewage treatment
In urbanareas of developedcountries,domesticsewageistypicallytreatedbycentralizedsewage
treatmentplants.Well-designedandoperatedsystems(i.e.,secondarytreatmentorbetter) canremove

4. 90 percentor more of the pollutantloadinsewage.Some plantshave additional systemstoremove
nutrientsandpathogens.
utilizingagreeninfrastructure approachtoimprove stormwatermanagementcapacitythroughoutthe
system,andreduce the hydraulicoverloadingof the treatmentplant[28]
repairand replacementof leakingandmalfunctioningequipment[17]
increasingoverall hydrauliccapacityof the sewage collectionsystem(oftenaveryexpensive option).
Industrial wastewater treatment
Some industrial facilitiesgenerate ordinarydomesticsewagethatcan be treatedbymunicipal facilities.
Industriesthatgenerate wastewaterwithhighconcentrationsof conventional pollutants(e.g.oil and
grease),toxicpollutants(e.g.heavymetals,volatileorganiccompounds)orothernon-conventional
pollutantssuchasammonia,needspecializedtreatmentsystems.Some of these facilitiescaninstall a
pre-treatmentsystemtoremove the toxiccomponents,andthensendthe partiallytreatedwastewater
to the municipal system.Industriesgeneratinglarge volumesof wastewatertypicallyoperatetheirown
complete on-sitetreatmentsystems.Some industrieshave beensuccessful atredesigningtheir
manufacturingprocessestoreduce oreliminate pollutants,throughaprocesscalledpollution
prevention.
Heated water generated by power plants or manufacturing plants
may be controlled with:
coolingponds,man-made bodiesof waterdesignedforcoolingbyevaporation,convection,and
radiation
coolingtowers,whichtransferwaste heattothe atmosphere throughevaporationand/orheattransfer.
cogeneration,aprocesswhere waste heatisrecycledfordomesticand/orindustrialheatingpurposes.

5. Conclusion
Aren’t we aware of the different problems occurring in our nature, especially in different bodies
of water? Water pollution is the caused of our undisciplined actions and irresponsibility. We,
humans are only creating problems that consequently we will also carry the burden of these
problems. We all know that water pollution can affect our health badly and seriously. It can
cause such sicknesses and diseases that will badly affect our health. We all know how
important water is. Water is essential to our body. Neither we nor every living thing can’t survive
without water. And so therefore, we should keep, protect, save, and help prevent our waters
from being polluted, we should act as early as now, we should save rivers, seas and oceans,
and other bodies of water because we will also bare the burden of this problem. We should not
wait for the time until people are competing just to get sufficient, fresh and clean water, the time
where clean water is insufficient to the people and animals, and the time where in our sources
of water are diminishing or until the time where there are totally no sources of water. And so, let
us be disciplined and responsible enough to save, protect and conserve not only sources of
water but also our mother nature because our nature provides and helps us in our daily lives.
Let’s just realize how important our mother nature is. It is our only source of living. Let us not
destroy it nor pollute it. Let us act for a change. We need and we should help save and
conserve our mother nature, especially the different bodies of water. Absolutely, there are many
simple ways in how we can help. Change ourselves before we construct changes in our nature.