Analgesics, also known as painkillers, are drugs designed to relieve pain. There are two main categories of analgesics - non-narcotics like acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and narcotics/opioids which include morphine and codeine. Acetaminophen is effective for mild to moderate pain but patients must be careful not to exceed the daily dosage. Opioids work in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract to provide strong pain relief but can have common side effects like nausea, constipation, and drowsiness as well as less common but more severe reactions. Analgesics suppress pain by blocking enzymes and chemicals that stimulate pain receptors in the body.

1. PAINKILLER
(ANALGESICS)

2. Analgesics (also called
painkillers, pain
medications, pain relievers)
are drugs designed to
suppress the pain
mechanism.

3. ANALGESICS is any member
of group of drugs used to relieve
pain (achieve analgesia )

4. The word analgesics derives
from Greek an-
(“without”) and algos
(“pain”).

5. -Analgesic drugs act in various ways on
the peripheral and central nervous
systems.
-Include paracetamol, the non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and
opioid drugs such as morphine and
opium.
-There are distinct from anesthetics, -

6. 1)
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
2)
• Corticosteroids
3)
• Opioids
4)
• Neurological Analgesia
5)
• Anesthetic Nerve Blockade

7. Important medicines include ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen
(Aleve) and Aspirin.
 Can reduce fever and suppress inflammation.
 Work by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme in various
tissues that produce the chemical mediators which are the
cause for inflammation, related pain, and fever.
 Aspirin besides acting as a pain killer also has anti-platelet
properties, which helps in the treatment for heart attacks and
strokes.

8. Not exactly pain killing medicines
but they are anti-inflammatory.
But due to their inflammatory
processes, they can reduce pain.
For example, a patient with arthritis
may be relieved from injections of
steroids into the inflamed joint.

9. 1) • The opioid analgesics relieve pain by binding to
opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
2) • are also known as narcotics.
3) • act as agonists to produce the effect of
analgesia.
4) • give relief for moderate to severe pain.
5) • used when pain is too severe to be controlled
by NSAID analgesics.
6) • All narcotic analgesics are prescription
medications.

10. oCertain drugs that are mainly used for
neurologic and psychiatric conditions but
they can also relieve neuropathic pain, which
occurs without any external pain triggers like
heat or sharp points.
o include the antidepressant amitriptyline
(Elavil) and the anticonvulsant gabapentin
(Neurontin).

11. Pain relief at times is required with a
nerve blockade.
 An anesthetic drug, like lidocaine, can be
injected into a nerve branch so that a
certain part of the body becomes
desensitized to pain.
 For example, anesthetic injection around
the spinal cord produces pain relief in areas
in the lower half of the body.

25. NEGATIVIE EFFECTS WILL DEPEND UPON :-
1)
• The type of analgesic being used.
2)
• The number of analgesics consumed.
3)
• How long the analgesics are being used for.
4)
• The health of the user.
5)
• Existing medical conditions.
6)
• Whether other drugs are also being used.

26.  Used for a short period of time.
 Should never be used for more
than three days without medical
supervision.
 To treat severe pain.

27. SEVERAL THINGS TO REMEMBER BEFORE USE
ANALGESICS :-
Analgesics should be used strictly as directed. Read the
instructions on the label and take the recommended dose.
 Taking more than the recommended dose will not
increase the positive effects, and may cause unpleasant
side effects such as vomiting, diarrhoea or dizziness.
 Analgesics should only be used when in date (the expiry
date is on the packet).
 Paracetamol becomes toxic after its expiry date.
 If the pain persists, visit your doctor.

28. AN ESI C W LL N T :-
ALG S I O
Cure whatever is causing your pain.
 Prevent a headache.
 Boost your energy levels.

29. HOW DO
ANALGESICS
WORK ON PAIN ?

30. Injury
Mechanical injuries, such as pressure, punctures and cuts or chemical
(burn) stimuli injure tissues.
Reception
A specialized nerve cell called a nociceptor senses the stimulus and the
chemicals released from injured tissues.
Transmission
The signals travel up the spinal cord
The nociceptor sends signals to the to the brain through a "neural
brain through several neurons freeway" called the spinothalamic
within the central nervous system. tract.

31. Pain center reception
Within the brain, a relay station
Areas like the somatosensory cortex
called the thalamus distributes the
process the information and you feel
signals to various parts of the brain;
pain.
there is no single pain center.
Pain suppression or relief (analgesia)
prevent inflammation and block key enzymes and
the release of chemicals that stimulate nociceptors.

33. o Analgesics are a
class of drugs used
to relieve pain.
They are also
referred to as
painkillers.

34. o There are two
categories of analgesics:
non-narcotics and
narcotics.

35. o Acetaminophen is
most effective for mild to
moderate pain. It is
extremely important to
follow the prescribing
instructions.

36. o Patients must be aware
of the cumulative effect
of acetaminophen since it
is found in so many
products, including
cold, sinus, cough, and
allergy medications.

37. o There are two
categories of
narcotic
analgesics -
opiates and

38. o O oi ds bi nd t o
pi
opi oi d r ecept or s i n
t he cent r al ner vous
syst em and
gast r oi nt est i nal
t r act .

39. o Opioids are
strong
analgesics, typically
reserved for
severe, chronic
pain.

40. o There are
common side
effects associated
with opioids.

41. o There are less
common side effects
associated with
opioids.

42. o Severe side
effects and
adverse
reactions are
possible with
opioids.

43.  Analgesics are a class drugs
used to relieve pain.
 While these drugs do not treat
whatever is causing the pain, they
can provide enough relief to make
people more comfortable and to
allow them to carry out their
daily routines.
 They are many types of
analgesics such as opioids and
etc.

44. REFERENCES
• The Facts of Analgesics (Painkillers) , Analgesics: Drugs Designed To Relieve Pain
, Carol Eustice, Retrived August 02, 2012
http://arthritis.about.com/od/analgesic/a/factsanalgesics.htm
• Analgesics - 10 Things You Should Know , Analgesic Safety Decreases Unwanted
Side Effects , Carol Eustice , Retrieved August 02, 2012
http://osteoarthritis.about.com/od/osteoarthritismedications/a/analgesics.htm
• What are Analgesics? , Carol Eustice, Retrieved August 02, 2012
http://arthritis.about.com/od/analgesic/g/analgesic.htm
• Analgesics Research & Articles, Analgesics, Retrieved August 02, 2012
http://www.bookrags.com/research/analgesics-woc/
• Pharmaceutical Drug Manufacturer, Types of Analgesics , Retrieved August 02, 2012
http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/articles/types-of-
analgesics.html
• Medications , How do analgesics work on pain? , Craig C. Freudenrich and Discovery
Fit & Health , Retrieved August 02, 2012
http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/how-analgesics-work-on-pain