Peripheral Artedol Disease and Exercise
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This document discusses peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and how exercise improves the condition. PAD is a blockage of the arteries in the limbs resulting in reduced blood flow. Supervised exercise training, particularly treadmill walking programs, has been shown to significantly improve symptoms of PAD such as claudication pain and increasing maximal walking distance. Treadmill walking is more effective for improving claudication than strength training alone. The guidelines recommend supervised exercise training to treat claudication symptoms in PAD patients.
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Peripheral vascular disease, commonly known as peripheral artery disease, is a narrowing of the arteries that reduces blood flow to the legs and feet. It is a common condition that affects around 12-14% of the general population. The risk increases with age, especially in men over 50, and is higher in people with diabetes, smoking history, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. Symptoms range from leg pain with walking to skin changes and wounds that heal poorly. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging tests like ultrasound and angiography, and blood flow tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications to improve symptoms, and potentially revascularization procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery in severe cases. Individuals with PAD have a
N325 peripheral vascular student version
This document discusses peripheral arterial disease (PAD), including its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. PAD is caused by atherosclerosis and results in narrowing or blockage of arteries, usually in the lower extremities. Key risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, age over 60, and sedentary lifestyle. Clinical signs of PAD include pain in the calves or thighs with walking (claudication) as well as skin changes in the legs. Diagnosis involves assessing pulses, skin appearance, ankle-brachial indices, and imaging tests. Treatment focuses on risk factor modification through lifestyle changes and medications, pain management, wound healing, and revascularization procedures like ang
Peripheral vascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease is a narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet, resulting in decreased blood flow and damage to nerves and tissue in the extremities. It has a gradual onset and is initially asymptomatic, developing complications over time like leg pain with activity that is relieved by rest. The primary cause is atherosclerosis, and risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and other cardiovascular conditions. Nursing focuses on assessing circulation and sensation, preventing pressure sores, and encouraging ambulation. Patient teaching covers lifestyle changes, foot care, medication management, and exercise.
Peripheral Artery Disease - BMH/Tele
Peripheral artery disease is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries reducing blood flow to the limbs. It is caused by atherosclerosis and is more common in older males, smokers, diabetics and those with a family history of vascular disease. Symptoms range from pain on walking to tissue necrosis. Diagnosis involves tests like ABI and ultrasound, and treatment includes lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery, and sometimes amputation.
Peripheral vascular diseases
This document discusses peripheral vascular diseases, including arteries, veins, and specific conditions like arterial insufficiency and venous insufficiency. It covers the anatomy and layers of arteries and veins. Peripheral vascular diseases are characterized by reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Specific conditions discussed in detail include arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease), and Raynaud's phenomenon. Risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management approaches are described for each condition.
Peripheral Arterial Disease
This document discusses peripheral arterial disease (PAD), including:
1. PAD affects 12-20% of Americans over age 65 and those with diabetes have a 3x higher risk. PAD is often asymptomatic so it can be difficult to detect.
2. Symptoms of PAD include claudication (leg pain with exercise), fatigue, numbness, and rest pain. Untreated PAD can lead to critical limb ischemia and amputation.
3. Screening for PAD through ankle-brachial index measurements is recommended for diabetics over 50 and younger diabetics with risk factors to detect disease early before complications arise.
4. Treatment options for PAD include lifestyle changes, medications, endovascular procedures like
Peripheral Vascular Arterial Disease.ppt
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a circulatory condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, typically causing leg pain with walking. Exercise and lifestyle changes can help manage PAD symptoms and prevent progression. A study found that arm ergometry exercise alone significantly improved walking ability and time to onset of pain in PAD patients over 12 weeks compared to baseline. Specific yoga poses and breathing techniques may also help PAD symptoms.
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
The document discusses peripheral vascular diseases, which occur when blood flow to the peripheral vessels is reduced, potentially leading to ischemia and tissue damage. It describes the layers of arteries and veins, and compares arterial and venous disorders. Specific conditions covered include atherosclerosis, arterial insufficiency, venous insufficiency, thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease), Raynaud's phenomenon, aneurysms, arterial embolism, and thrombophlebitis. Risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management approaches are discussed for each condition.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Peripheral vascular disease is caused by a narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain, limiting blood flow. It is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, which is a buildup of plaque in the arteries. Symptoms vary depending on the severity of blood flow reduction and may include leg pain when walking, skin changes, sores or gangrene. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications, medications, and procedures like angioplasty, stents or surgery to bypass blockages. Managing risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure can help prevent worsening of peripheral vascular disease.
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Peripheral Artedol Disease and Exercise
- 1. Peripheral Arterial Disease and Exercise
- 2. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) Occlusion or blockage of the arteries by plaque of the lower extremities resulting in insufficient blood flow to the limbs 12% of adults over 50 being diagnosed with PAD Links between PAD and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and Coronary artery disease. In 2006-2007, 2,163 deaths and 25,813 hospitalisations around Australia1
- 4. How Exercise improves Claudication Muscle carnitine metabolism in the leg will facilitate extraction of oxygen and substrates in the blood Increased levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and macrophage-derived angiogeniccells Nitric oxide increases vasodilation Improved biomechanics of walkingdecreases oxygen cost of walking2
- 5. Results- Treadmill Walking vs Strength training A treadmill walking program (Hiatt et al, 1994) has shown to be the most effective type of exercise in people with claudication for increasing peak walking time, improvements in peak oxygen consumption and the onset of claudication pain3
- 6. ACC/AHA guidelines for management of patients with PAD A meta-analysis of 21 trials of supervised treadmill training revealed that pain-free walking time improved an average of 180% and maximal walking time increased by 120%4
- 7. Conclusions Supervised exercise training for PAD patients with claudication has been consistently effective in improving the symptoms of claudication, maximal walking distance and pain-free walking distance. Treadmill walking programs show the greatest improvements in claudication in comparison to Strength training which also improves symptoms but not as significantly as treadmill training5.
- 8. References 1Bhatt DL,StegPG,Ohman EM. International prevalence, recognition,and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in out-patients with atherothrombosis. JAMA2006; 295:180–89 2Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Wolfel EE, Carry MR, Brass EP. Effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle histology and metabolism in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol1996; 81:780–88 3Hiatt WR,WolfelEE,MeierRH,Regensteiner JG. Superiority of treadmill walking exercise versus strength training for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Implications for the mechanism of the training response. Circulation1994; 90: 1866–74 4 Gardner AW, Poehlman ET. Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment of claudication pain. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1995; 274:975–801145–51 5Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial diseaseJ Am Coll Cardiol2006; 47:1239–312.
- 9. Limitations Studies looked at supervised exercise training programs-at home the patients may not be as strict or compliant to the protocol- may affect results
- 10. Data Collection The two types of walking assessments used used were motorized treadmills programs including the Gardner–Skinner, Hiatt, or Naughton Protocols and a 6-minute walk test used in elderly patients. Health related quality of life issues were also assessed by validated questionnaires such as the Medical outcomes study SF-36 and Walking Impairment questionnaires, both which asses the functional status of the PAD community