P & i clubs and claims related issues
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P&I Clubs are mutual insurance associations that provide coverage for shipowners and charterers against third-party liabilities arising from ship operations. They cover broader risks like cargo damage, collisions, pollution, injuries, and loss of life that regular marine insurers are unwilling to cover. The document discusses key differences between P&I Clubs and marine insurers as well as cargo insurers. It also provides examples of risks covered by P&I Clubs and outlines provisions of the Hague-Visby Rules governing carrier liability.
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![What is P & I Club ?
• P&I Clubs’ [Protection & Indemnity Insurers])
P&I Clubs are independent, non-profit making
mutual insurance associations, providing
cover for its Ship-Owner and Charterer
members against third party liabilities relating
to the use and operation of commercial
vessels.
• Even Insurers also offer cover for ship owners.
What is so special about P & I Clubs ?
Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR-
TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS
ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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This document provides an overview of marine insurance, specifically hull and machinery (H&M) insurance. It discusses the key types of marine insurance policies - H&M and protection and indemnity (P&I) - that ship owners purchase. H&M insurance compensates owners for damage or loss of the ship, while P&I covers liability claims from third parties. The document then examines the components of an H&M policy, including what losses are covered, deductibles, and exclusions from coverage. It also defines total and partial losses that may be covered.
Group 6 Insurance.pptx
This document provides an overview of marine insurance. It discusses that marine insurance covers the loss or damage of ships, cargo, terminals, and any transport by which the property is transferred, acquired, or held between the points of origin and the final destination. It then covers some key types of marine insurance, including those that cover damage to ships, cargo, freight, and life of crew members. The document also discusses general average, deviations, war risk insurance, strike riot civil commotion clauses, multimodal transport operator liability insurance, and party logistics. It provides examples and explanations of some of these concepts in marine insurance.
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Marine insurance covers risks associated with transporting cargo by sea. There are different types, including cargo insurance, which insures goods being transported, and hull insurance, which insures ships. Marine insurance contracts are based on principles like utmost good faith between the insured and insurer, indemnity where the insured is compensated for actual losses, and insurable interest where the insured must have a stake in what is insured. Features of marine insurance policies include payment of premiums, coverage periods, disclosure of material details about insured cargo, and claims processes.
Accidents and Operational Risks - Owners and Charterers Liabilities - Capt Go...
This document discusses various operational risks and liabilities faced by ship owners and charterers. It defines risk and accidents, noting that shipping inherently involves problems due to its nature. It outlines key liabilities covered by P&I clubs for ship owners, including cargo liability, pollution, damage to property, illness/injury of crew, repatriation expenses, and more. Charterers take on risks through charter party agreements. Overall, the document examines the risk profile of different parties in shipping and some of the major accidents that have shaped safety regulations.
Cargo insurance1
Marine insurance protects parties involved in shipping goods by sea from various risks and liabilities. There are several types of marine insurance like cargo insurance, war risks insurance, and newbuilding risks insurance. Key parties involved in marine shipping include the carrier who owns the ship, the charterer who finds carriers for customers, the consignee who receives the shipment, and the consignor who sends the shipment. A bill of lading is an important legal document that is issued to the shipper and outlines important details of the shipment. Marine insurance claims for lost or damaged goods are governed by acts like the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act.
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This document discusses the importance of personal discipline and human values for marine surveyors. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and overview of technological developments in shipping. However, several recent marine accidents are discussed that occurred despite advanced technology, attributed primarily to human error. The document emphasizes that personal discipline, including qualities like honesty, attention to detail, and stress management, remain essential for surveyors. Yoga and breathing techniques are recommended to help surveyors stay balanced and in control despite pressures of the job.
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Port berthing facilities & infrastructure surveyor’s prespective
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Case study shortage claim
1) An insurer requested to survey a bulk phosphate shipment after receiving a shortage claim from the insured. The shipment was delivered to two ports in India - Chennai and Vizag - with the insured being the same party at both ports.
2) An initial analysis found a shortage of 218 tons at Chennai. However, further investigation revealed the vessel arrived at Chennai with the full quantity loaded and there was overcarriage of 170 tons to Vizag.
3) Receipt quantities confirmed 154.5 more tons were received at Vizag than the bill of lading quantity. Taking both ports together, there was no actual shortage when quantities were proportionately allocated. The claim was closed as no claim
Guidelines on insurance claims
This document provides guidelines on filing insurance claims for various types of cargo shipments including sea cargo, air cargo, and local transit. For sea cargo, it outlines the process for break bulk, containers under less than container load (LCL), and full container load (FCL). Key steps include obtaining necessary documents, conducting joint surveys, preferring claims against carriers, and submitting documents to the insurer. Similar processes are described for air cargo and local transit shipments. The document was prepared by T.S. Shrinivaasan of Mar-Tech Insurance Surveyors & Loss Assessors Pvt. Ltd.
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University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
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1比1复刻(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
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Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
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一比一原版美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证学历认证真实可查
永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
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https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
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Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptx
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
Sarah O'Grady, Journalist
Will Sherlock, Head of External Relations, M&G Plc
Daniela Silcock, Head of Policy Research, Pensions Policy Institute
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC
Jordi Skilbeck, Senior Policy Advisor, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association
Rt Hon Sir Stephen Timms, former Chair, Work & Pensions Committee
Nigel Waterson, ILC Trustee
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P & i clubs and claims related issues
- 1. P & I Clubs and Claims related issues I represent M/s. Henderson International (India) Pvt. Ltd., for their P & I Surveys and share my experience gained with them. Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,
- 2. What is P & I Club ? • P&I Clubs’ [Protection & Indemnity Insurers]) P&I Clubs are independent, non-profit making mutual insurance associations, providing cover for its Ship-Owner and Charterer members against third party liabilities relating to the use and operation of commercial vessels. • Even Insurers also offer cover for ship owners. What is so special about P & I Clubs ? Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,
- 3. P & I Club (v) Marine Insurer • Both P&I clubs and conventional marine insurers are governed by the provisions of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 • Marine insurers also provide cover for known quantifiable risks, mainly Hull & Machinery insurance for ship Owners, and Cargo Insurance for cargo owners. • But P&I Clubs provide insurance cover for broader indeterminate risks, such as third party liabilities which Marine Insurers are unwilling to cover. Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,
- 4. What risks do P & I Clubs cover ? Third Party Risks like the following: • Carrier’s liability to a cargo-owner for damage to cargo. • Ship’s liability after a collision. • Ship’s liability after an impact/contact. • Ship’s liability for environmental pollution. • Ship’s liability for war risks. • Personal injury to or illness or loss of life of crew members or passengers • Personal injury to loss or loss of life of stevedores. • Loss of Personal Effects of Crew • List endless Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,
- 5. P & I insurance (v) cargo Insurer • Cargo Owners or Shippers also covers consignment for insurance. • Carrier also has P&I cover. • When a claim arises, the cargo-owner should first make a cargo claim against the carrier; but the latter may avoid liability because either (i) he did not cause the loss, or (ii) the Hague-Visby Rules grant exemption from liability. Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,
- 6. HAGUE-VISBY RULES- BRIEF OUTLINE • It is a set of International rules for the international carriage of goods by sea. • It was first drafted in Brussels in 1924. • It was amended in 1968 and 1979. • By virtue of these rules, ship owners are exempted from following claims: Loss by fire, perils of the sea, Act of God, & Act of war. • They also exempt a controversial provision viz:"neglect or default of the master in the navigation or in the management of the ship” • This provision is considered unfair to the shipper; and both the later Hamburg Rules and Rotterdam Rules refuse exemption for negligent navigation and management. Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,
- 7. P & I Clubs Claims • Going back, when the carrier exempts claims as above, naturally Claimant will resort to their Insurer for claims. • Insurer may admit the claim after obtaining subrogation rights from Insured. • By subrogation rights, Insurer will go for recovery against Carrier. Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,
- 8. P & I Club Claims – Collision • While H & M Insurer admits 3/4th liability, P & I club bears the balance 1/4th liability. • Collisions may be classified as follows: • Where one vessel is solely to blame • Where both vessels to blame • Where negligence is not proved against either vessel (force majeure or inevitable accident) Presented by T.S. Shrinivaasan of MAR- TECH INSURANCE SURVEYORS & LOSS ASSESSORS PVT. LTD.,