Ozone depletion
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The document discusses ozone layer depletion and the formation of holes in the ozone layer over Antarctica. It describes how ultraviolet radiation breaks apart DNA and ozone absorbs UV light. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were found to catalyze the destruction of ozone through a series of reactions. Strong winds isolate air over Antarctica in winter, allowing ice clouds and CFC reactions to deplete ozone and form holes that grow larger each year. International agreements have led to a ban on CFCs to help the ozone layer recover.
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Ozone depletion
An ozone layer located 20-25 km above the earth's surface absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, protecting life on earth. Ultraviolet rays decompose oxygen into atomic oxygen, which then combines with molecular oxygen to form ozone. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere destroy ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules over time. The Montreal Protocol was formed to phase out the production of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
The Ozone Depletion By Christian Dave Caylo
Ozone depletion refers to the steady decline of ozone in Earth's stratosphere since the late 1970s. The thinning of the ozone layer has allowed more ultraviolet radiation to reach the surface. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emitted from products like aerosols, refrigerants, and foam cushions are the primary cause of ozone depletion as they release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules. Banning the production and use of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances has helped limit further damage to the ozone layer.
Stratospheric Pollution and Ozone Depletion
This document summarizes the key chemical processes involved in the formation and destruction of stratospheric ozone. It describes Chapman's original mechanism for ozone formation and identifies additional catalytic cycles involving HOx, NOx, and ClOx species that lead to ozone depletion. These cycles are coupled through reactions between different radical species. The document also discusses natural and anthropogenic sources of these radicals, particularly chlorine from CFC emissions, and the role of these substances in accelerating ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion....varun
The document discusses ozone, the ozone layer, and ozone depletion. It defines ozone as a triatomic form of oxygen found in the upper and lower atmosphere, and the ozone layer as absorbing 97-99% of the sun's ultraviolet light. The ozone layer is being destroyed by chemicals like CFCs released from industries and vehicles. Low temperatures in the upper atmosphere allow chlorine and bromine to destroy ozone, forming a hole. Overexposure to ultraviolet rays due to ozone depletion increases risks of skin cancer, eye damage, immune system damage, and DNA damage. Actions are needed to limit chemicals that deplete ozone and encourage plant growth to increase oxygen production.
PPT on Ozone layer depeletion
very easy and best ppt on ozone layer..
you ca understand easily about ozone layer..
it will be some what helpful for you..
i have describe about each basic points accoring to me..
Ozone Layer:Depletion and its Effects
The Presentation describes the features formation and depletion of the Ozone Layer.It also suggests solution to reduce the depletion of ozone layer.
Presentation on ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion and its causes and effects. The ozone layer protects the Earth from UV radiation. Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere from products like aerosols has led to a thinning of the ozone layer, as CFCs break down ozone gases. Increased UV radiation is linked to rises in skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to immunity and DNA. Solutions proposed include destroying CFCs in the atmosphere using lasers or adding chemicals to transform ozone-depleting chlorine.
Recommended
Ozone depletion
An ozone layer located 20-25 km above the earth's surface absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, protecting life on earth. Ultraviolet rays decompose oxygen into atomic oxygen, which then combines with molecular oxygen to form ozone. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere destroy ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules over time. The Montreal Protocol was formed to phase out the production of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
The Ozone Depletion By Christian Dave Caylo
Ozone depletion refers to the steady decline of ozone in Earth's stratosphere since the late 1970s. The thinning of the ozone layer has allowed more ultraviolet radiation to reach the surface. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emitted from products like aerosols, refrigerants, and foam cushions are the primary cause of ozone depletion as they release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules. Banning the production and use of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances has helped limit further damage to the ozone layer.
Stratospheric Pollution and Ozone Depletion
This document summarizes the key chemical processes involved in the formation and destruction of stratospheric ozone. It describes Chapman's original mechanism for ozone formation and identifies additional catalytic cycles involving HOx, NOx, and ClOx species that lead to ozone depletion. These cycles are coupled through reactions between different radical species. The document also discusses natural and anthropogenic sources of these radicals, particularly chlorine from CFC emissions, and the role of these substances in accelerating ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion....varun
The document discusses ozone, the ozone layer, and ozone depletion. It defines ozone as a triatomic form of oxygen found in the upper and lower atmosphere, and the ozone layer as absorbing 97-99% of the sun's ultraviolet light. The ozone layer is being destroyed by chemicals like CFCs released from industries and vehicles. Low temperatures in the upper atmosphere allow chlorine and bromine to destroy ozone, forming a hole. Overexposure to ultraviolet rays due to ozone depletion increases risks of skin cancer, eye damage, immune system damage, and DNA damage. Actions are needed to limit chemicals that deplete ozone and encourage plant growth to increase oxygen production.
PPT on Ozone layer depeletion
very easy and best ppt on ozone layer..
you ca understand easily about ozone layer..
it will be some what helpful for you..
i have describe about each basic points accoring to me..
Ozone Layer:Depletion and its Effects
The Presentation describes the features formation and depletion of the Ozone Layer.It also suggests solution to reduce the depletion of ozone layer.
Presentation on ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion and its causes and effects. The ozone layer protects the Earth from UV radiation. Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere from products like aerosols has led to a thinning of the ozone layer, as CFCs break down ozone gases. Increased UV radiation is linked to rises in skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to immunity and DNA. Solutions proposed include destroying CFCs in the atmosphere using lasers or adding chemicals to transform ozone-depleting chlorine.
Breaking down of ozone layer in stratosphere layer
The document discusses the breakdown of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. It begins by providing background on the stratosphere and ozone layer. It then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released the chlorine that catalytically destroys ozone once they drift into the stratosphere. The cycle of how a chlorine atom breaks down ozone is depicted. It further notes that polar stratospheric clouds play a role by supporting chemical reactions that produce active chlorine to catalyze ozone destruction.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
Ozone layer depletion
This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
Ozone Depletion
Ozone depletion describes a decline in stratospheric ozone levels since the 1970s, with a seasonal ozone hole forming over Antarctica each spring. The primary cause is chlorine and bromine atoms released from man-made chemicals like CFCs. In polar regions, ozone depletion is greatly enhanced by reactions on surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds that convert stable reservoir compounds into reactive radicals, catalytically destroying ozone. The Antarctic ozone hole forms each spring when sunlight drives these reactions after polar stratospheric clouds form over the winter.
Causes of ozone depletion
Ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons, halons, methyl chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride are stable chemicals that can float up to the stratosphere where they break down ozone at high rates. Chlorofluorocarbons were widely used in refrigerants, aerosols, and solvents and account for over 80% of ozone depletion. Halons are used in fire extinguishers and cause even more ozone damage than chlorofluorocarbons. The depletion of ozone leads to increased ultraviolet radiation exposure which is linked to higher rates of skin cancers like melanoma and eye diseases like cataracts.
The Ozone Layer
The document discusses ozone, its importance for protecting life on Earth from UV radiation, and the problem of ozone depletion caused by ozone depleting substances (ODS) like CFCs. It notes that ozone exists in different layers of the atmosphere and that the ozone layer in the stratosphere shields the planet from harmful UV rays. It then explains how certain man-made chemicals released into the air can destroy ozone molecules, leading to ozone depletion. The document outlines international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to phase out the production of ODS and protect the ozone layer. It concludes by suggesting individual actions people can take to help limit ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is primarily caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were historically used in air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosol sprays, and plastic foams. CFCs undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere that destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This has led to a large ozone hole forming over Antarctica that is enlarging and could take over 50 years to restore. The thinning ozone layer allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine life.
Ozone depletion and prevention (p.a.c 2015)
The document discusses the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman cycle, and how it is depleted. The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that contains 90% of atmospheric ozone and protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. It is formed through a process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV light, destroying the ozone molecules. This depletion leads to the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica and increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, harming human health, aquatic life, and contributing to global warming.
Ozone Depletion
Ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays but its concentration is being reduced by ozone-depleting pollutants like CFCs and NOx. CFCs were commonly used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until they were banned, but their effects will persist for a long time. When CFCs and NOx reach the stratosphere, their breakdown releases chlorine and nitrogen atoms that catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules, reducing the protective ozone layer. Alternatives to CFCs without chlorine, like HFCs and HCFCs, have been developed to prevent further ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants
The document discusses ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and the mechanisms by which CFCs and HCFCs damage the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. It explains that chlorine atoms released from these refrigerants can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules each. It also provides details on common types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs and their ozone depletion potentials.
Ozone- A wonder umbrella
This slide deals about ozone layer ,it's importance to mother nature, causes of depletion and its consequences.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion in the stratosphere. It notes that a thin layer of ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation. The concentration of ozone is highest at mid-latitudes in the stratosphere. The document then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere can travel to the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules. It highlights that annual ozone depletion over Antarctica reaches up to 70% due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release chlorine. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo increased mid-latitude ozone depletion by injecting sulfur into the stratosphere. International agreements aim to phase out CFC production but developing nations
OZONE LAYER
The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV radiation, protecting life on Earth. Scientific evidence shows that manufactured chemicals containing chlorine and bromine are depleting the ozone layer. These ozone-depleting substances include chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, and halons. Depletion of the ozone layer will harm human health through increased skin cancer, cataracts and other issues. It will also negatively impact agriculture, forests and marine life. Individual actions like using ozone-friendly products and ensuring CFC recovery from appliances can help address the problem.
The ozone layer and its depletion
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer and its depletion. It discusses how the ozone layer protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It then explains how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the ozone layer when they were released into the atmosphere. CFCs break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere. The document also outlines observations that show the ozone layer depletion peaked around 2010 and is expected to fully recover by 2065 as CFC use has been restricted by the Montreal Protocol.
Destruction Of The Ozone Layer
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants, aerosols, and other products are destroying the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. This depletion causes increased skin cancer, cataracts, damage to crops and plankton, and impacts the Earth's climate. While reducing CFC use helps, fully phasing out these chemicals is needed to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two forms - good ozone in the stratosphere and bad ozone in the troposphere. The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that contains naturally occurring ozone. Ozone depletion refers to the reduction of ozone in the stratosphere caused by human emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances. Effects of ozone depletion include increased UV radiation at the Earth's surface, which can harm humans, plants and animals. While volcanoes also release ozone-depleting substances, human activities are the primary contributor. The only way to stop ozone depletion is to reduce emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals that destroy stratospheric o
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two layers of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a pollutant but the ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. The ozone layer was depleted by CFCs but this was addressed by the Montreal Protocol which phased out CFC production, allowing the ozone layer to recover over time. Continued monitoring is needed to understand impacts of ozone depletion and climate change.
Ozone Layer
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs most UV light from the sun. Ozone is formed when oxygen molecules are split by UV light or lightning, then join with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants and air conditioners were depleting the ozone layer as they take 10-20 years to break down in the stratosphere, and each chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. This was causing seasonal thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone hole. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV-B radiation to pass through, which can damage DNA and
02 ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is caused primarily by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons released into the atmosphere. CFCs can take 20-40 years to reach the stratosphere, where ultraviolet radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms that then catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation, and its depletion leads to increased skin cancer and other negative health effects. The Montreal Protocol was implemented to phase out the production of CFCs and halt ozone layer depletion.
Air_Pollution_3.ppt
This document discusses oxygen and ozone chemistry. It explains that ozone plays an important role in protecting the Earth from UV radiation in the stratosphere. The document outlines the Chapman mechanism by which ozone is naturally produced and destroyed in the stratosphere through a series of photochemical reactions. It then discusses how CFCs and other ozone depleting substances released anthropogenically disrupt this mechanism and cause ozone layer depletion, particularly over Antarctica due to unique atmospheric conditions there. The document concludes by noting the Montreal Protocol has led to phase out of ozone depleting chemicals and satellite evidence the ozone layer is recovering but it will take until 2050 for full recovery.
Newsletter the ozone
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It was discovered in 1913 and is located in the lower stratosphere. Ozone depletion is caused by chemicals like CFCs and nitrous oxide released by human activities that break down ozone molecules. In the 1970s, scientists noticed the ozone layer over Antarctica thinning each spring. International agreements banned CFCs in 1979 but it will take decades for their amounts in the atmosphere to reduce as they rise slowly to the stratosphere. Individual actions like encouraging car air conditioner maintenance and sun protection can help address the problem along with policy changes.
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Breaking down of ozone layer in stratosphere layer
The document discusses the breakdown of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. It begins by providing background on the stratosphere and ozone layer. It then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released the chlorine that catalytically destroys ozone once they drift into the stratosphere. The cycle of how a chlorine atom breaks down ozone is depicted. It further notes that polar stratospheric clouds play a role by supporting chemical reactions that produce active chlorine to catalyze ozone destruction.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
Ozone layer depletion
This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
Ozone Depletion
Ozone depletion describes a decline in stratospheric ozone levels since the 1970s, with a seasonal ozone hole forming over Antarctica each spring. The primary cause is chlorine and bromine atoms released from man-made chemicals like CFCs. In polar regions, ozone depletion is greatly enhanced by reactions on surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds that convert stable reservoir compounds into reactive radicals, catalytically destroying ozone. The Antarctic ozone hole forms each spring when sunlight drives these reactions after polar stratospheric clouds form over the winter.
Causes of ozone depletion
Ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons, halons, methyl chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride are stable chemicals that can float up to the stratosphere where they break down ozone at high rates. Chlorofluorocarbons were widely used in refrigerants, aerosols, and solvents and account for over 80% of ozone depletion. Halons are used in fire extinguishers and cause even more ozone damage than chlorofluorocarbons. The depletion of ozone leads to increased ultraviolet radiation exposure which is linked to higher rates of skin cancers like melanoma and eye diseases like cataracts.
The Ozone Layer
The document discusses ozone, its importance for protecting life on Earth from UV radiation, and the problem of ozone depletion caused by ozone depleting substances (ODS) like CFCs. It notes that ozone exists in different layers of the atmosphere and that the ozone layer in the stratosphere shields the planet from harmful UV rays. It then explains how certain man-made chemicals released into the air can destroy ozone molecules, leading to ozone depletion. The document outlines international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to phase out the production of ODS and protect the ozone layer. It concludes by suggesting individual actions people can take to help limit ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is primarily caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were historically used in air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosol sprays, and plastic foams. CFCs undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere that destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This has led to a large ozone hole forming over Antarctica that is enlarging and could take over 50 years to restore. The thinning ozone layer allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine life.
Ozone depletion and prevention (p.a.c 2015)
The document discusses the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman cycle, and how it is depleted. The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that contains 90% of atmospheric ozone and protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. It is formed through a process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV light, destroying the ozone molecules. This depletion leads to the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica and increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, harming human health, aquatic life, and contributing to global warming.
Ozone Depletion
Ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays but its concentration is being reduced by ozone-depleting pollutants like CFCs and NOx. CFCs were commonly used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until they were banned, but their effects will persist for a long time. When CFCs and NOx reach the stratosphere, their breakdown releases chlorine and nitrogen atoms that catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules, reducing the protective ozone layer. Alternatives to CFCs without chlorine, like HFCs and HCFCs, have been developed to prevent further ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants
The document discusses ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and the mechanisms by which CFCs and HCFCs damage the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. It explains that chlorine atoms released from these refrigerants can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules each. It also provides details on common types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs and their ozone depletion potentials.
Ozone- A wonder umbrella
This slide deals about ozone layer ,it's importance to mother nature, causes of depletion and its consequences.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion in the stratosphere. It notes that a thin layer of ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation. The concentration of ozone is highest at mid-latitudes in the stratosphere. The document then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere can travel to the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules. It highlights that annual ozone depletion over Antarctica reaches up to 70% due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release chlorine. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo increased mid-latitude ozone depletion by injecting sulfur into the stratosphere. International agreements aim to phase out CFC production but developing nations
OZONE LAYER
The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV radiation, protecting life on Earth. Scientific evidence shows that manufactured chemicals containing chlorine and bromine are depleting the ozone layer. These ozone-depleting substances include chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, and halons. Depletion of the ozone layer will harm human health through increased skin cancer, cataracts and other issues. It will also negatively impact agriculture, forests and marine life. Individual actions like using ozone-friendly products and ensuring CFC recovery from appliances can help address the problem.
The ozone layer and its depletion
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer and its depletion. It discusses how the ozone layer protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It then explains how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the ozone layer when they were released into the atmosphere. CFCs break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere. The document also outlines observations that show the ozone layer depletion peaked around 2010 and is expected to fully recover by 2065 as CFC use has been restricted by the Montreal Protocol.
Destruction Of The Ozone Layer
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants, aerosols, and other products are destroying the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. This depletion causes increased skin cancer, cataracts, damage to crops and plankton, and impacts the Earth's climate. While reducing CFC use helps, fully phasing out these chemicals is needed to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two forms - good ozone in the stratosphere and bad ozone in the troposphere. The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that contains naturally occurring ozone. Ozone depletion refers to the reduction of ozone in the stratosphere caused by human emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances. Effects of ozone depletion include increased UV radiation at the Earth's surface, which can harm humans, plants and animals. While volcanoes also release ozone-depleting substances, human activities are the primary contributor. The only way to stop ozone depletion is to reduce emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals that destroy stratospheric o
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two layers of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a pollutant but the ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. The ozone layer was depleted by CFCs but this was addressed by the Montreal Protocol which phased out CFC production, allowing the ozone layer to recover over time. Continued monitoring is needed to understand impacts of ozone depletion and climate change.
Ozone Layer
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs most UV light from the sun. Ozone is formed when oxygen molecules are split by UV light or lightning, then join with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants and air conditioners were depleting the ozone layer as they take 10-20 years to break down in the stratosphere, and each chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. This was causing seasonal thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone hole. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV-B radiation to pass through, which can damage DNA and
02 ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is caused primarily by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons released into the atmosphere. CFCs can take 20-40 years to reach the stratosphere, where ultraviolet radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms that then catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation, and its depletion leads to increased skin cancer and other negative health effects. The Montreal Protocol was implemented to phase out the production of CFCs and halt ozone layer depletion.
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Breaking down of ozone layer in stratosphere layer
Breaking down of ozone layer in stratosphere layer
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Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants
Similar to Ozone depletion
Air_Pollution_3.ppt
This document discusses oxygen and ozone chemistry. It explains that ozone plays an important role in protecting the Earth from UV radiation in the stratosphere. The document outlines the Chapman mechanism by which ozone is naturally produced and destroyed in the stratosphere through a series of photochemical reactions. It then discusses how CFCs and other ozone depleting substances released anthropogenically disrupt this mechanism and cause ozone layer depletion, particularly over Antarctica due to unique atmospheric conditions there. The document concludes by noting the Montreal Protocol has led to phase out of ozone depleting chemicals and satellite evidence the ozone layer is recovering but it will take until 2050 for full recovery.
Newsletter the ozone
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It was discovered in 1913 and is located in the lower stratosphere. Ozone depletion is caused by chemicals like CFCs and nitrous oxide released by human activities that break down ozone molecules. In the 1970s, scientists noticed the ozone layer over Antarctica thinning each spring. International agreements banned CFCs in 1979 but it will take decades for their amounts in the atmosphere to reduce as they rise slowly to the stratosphere. Individual actions like encouraging car air conditioner maintenance and sun protection can help address the problem along with policy changes.
LECTURE 2 OZONE LAYER DEPLETION.ppt
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in protecting life on Earth from UV radiation, and the causes and effects of ozone layer depletion. It provides details on:
1) What ozone is and how it is formed in the stratosphere.
2) How CFCs released from products like refrigerants and aerosols reach the stratosphere and use chlorine to break down ozone molecules, causing holes in the ozone layer.
3) The Montreal Protocol, an international agreement to phase out ozone-depleting substances, and signs that the ozone layer is slowly recovering due to reduced CFC emissions.
Chem
The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful UV rays, but it has been depleted due to man-made chemicals like CFCs. CFCs remain stable in the atmosphere until reaching the stratosphere, where high-energy photons break them down and release chlorine radicals. These radicals catalytically destroy ozone through reactions that convert it into oxygen. One chlorine radical can destroy thousands of ozone molecules through this cyclic process. The natural Chapman cycle continually creates and destroys ozone, but human activities have increased ozone depletion beyond natural levels.
Ozone Depletion
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in blocking harmful UV radiation, and how it has been damaged by CFC emissions. It also describes the Montreal Protocol, an international agreement that regulated CFC production and helped slow ozone depletion. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and protects life on Earth by absorbing 95% of UVB and all UVC radiation. CFCs released the chlorine radicals that catalyzed ozone destruction in a cyclic reaction. The Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and has slowed but not yet reversed ozone layer depletion.
Ozone depletion
Ozone in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from industrial applications are the primary cause of ozone depletion as they release chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. In 1985, scientists discovered an ozone hole over Antarctica, showing a severe depletion. The 1987 Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover over time, though full recovery is not expected until around 2068. Increased UV radiation can damage DNA and immune systems in humans and phytoplankton productivity.
Ozone layer Depletion, Environmental Chemistry
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Introduction
Ozone Profile
Ozone layer Discovery
Ozone layer Intro
UV-Radiation and Ozone Layer
Ozone layer Importance
Ozone–oxygen cycle, Chapman cycle
Ozone Depletion
Ozone Hole
Effect Of Ozone Depletion
Solution
World Ozone Day
Trouble in the air
This document summarizes information about air pollution and smog. It discusses photochemical smog, which involves nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and ultraviolet light combining to form substances like nitric acid and aldehydes. Thermal and radiation inversions can trap smog near the ground. Acid deposition from rain and gases damages the environment. The ozone layer is depleted by nitrogen oxides and CFCs, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. Chlorofluorocarbons react with ozone and each chlorine atom can destroy many ozone molecules.
Cause of Ozone Depletion in the environment .ppt
Ozone is a colorless gas that exists in two layers of the atmosphere. The ozone layer 20-40km above the Earth's surface protects life from UV radiation but is being depleted by chlorine compounds like CFCs from aerosols, refrigerants, and foams. Ozone depletion causes increased UV radiation at the surface, leading to higher rates of skin cancer and damage to crops and plankton. Preventing CFC leaks from appliances and avoiding halon fire extinguishers can help limit further ozone depletion. Injecting negative charges into the stratosphere can also promote ozone recovery by neutralizing chlorine radicals.
all about OZONE and ozone depletion in the atmosphere.ppt
Ozone is a colorless gas that exists in two layers of the atmosphere. The ozone layer 20-40km above the Earth's surface protects life from UV radiation but is being depleted by chlorine compounds like CFCs from aerosols, refrigerants, and foams. Ozone depletion causes increased UV radiation at the surface, leading to higher rates of skin cancer and damage to crops and plankton. Preventing CFC leaks from appliances and avoiding halon fire extinguishers can help limit further ozone depletion. Injecting negative charges into the stratosphere can also promote ozone recovery by neutralizing chlorine radicals.
Environmental chemistry
The document discusses environmental chemistry, specifically the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere. It outlines several chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere including the formation of acid rain, ozone, ammonium nitrates and sulfates, and carbon dioxide. It also discusses the release of oxides of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds associated with combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Finally, it outlines problems associated with the release of these pollutants such as acid rain and hazardous inorganic and organic compounds like peroxyacetyl nitrate.
The factors affecting the o3 layer
There are two major factors that negatively impact the ozone layer: (1) CFCs and (2) NOx. (1) CFCs released into the atmosphere are destroyed by ultraviolet rays, releasing chlorine which destroys ozone. (2) NOx both provides a catalytic mechanism for ozone destruction and inhibits cycles that destroy ozone, with the net effect depending on altitude. The ozone layer forms as oxygen molecules in the stratosphere are broken down by solar radiation, producing reactive oxygen atoms that combine with oxygen to form ozone molecules.
Ozone layer
The document discusses ozone depletion and the ozone layer. It begins with an overview of the earth's atmosphere and ultraviolet radiation. It then discusses ozone, its physical properties, types (stratospheric and tropospheric), and effects on human health. The document outlines how CFCs and other ozone depleting substances cause ozone layer depletion, leading to formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica. This in turn causes effects like increased skin cancer and damage to marine life. The Montreal Protocol was adopted to phase out ozone depleting substances and protect the ozone layer. Individual actions and use of substitutes can also help mitigate ozone depletion.
IB Chemistry on Resonance, Delocalization and Ozone Destruction
1) Delocalization of electrons and resonance structures are important for understanding the bonding in ozone molecules. Ozone's bond order of 1.5 means the bonds are intermediate between single and double.
2) Ozone in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful UV radiation. However, ozone in the troposphere and at ground level is a air pollutant.
3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contribute to ozone depletion through a catalytic cycle where chlorine radicals break down ozone molecules. An international treaty phased out the most damaging ozone-depleting substances.
ozone depletion
Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues which is getting thinner day by day as a result of increasing pollution.
A_seminar_on_the_depletion_of_the_Ozone.pptx
This seminar presentation summarizes Ozone layer depletion. It introduces ozone and the ozone layer, how ozone depleting substances like CFCs react with ozone leading to its destruction. The consequences of ozone layer depletion include increased skin cancer and other health issues. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol were enacted to regulate ozone depleting substances and protect the ozone layer.
Ozone Layer (components, formation and depletion)
The document discusses the ozone layer, its formation and location in the stratosphere. It protects life on Earth by absorbing UV radiation. Ozone is formed through chemical reactions involving oxygen and UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by catalytic cycles involving halogen gases like chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone molecules. This increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface and can harm humans, animals, and ecosystems. Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gases trapping heat, but is a separate issue from ozone depletion.
Air Pollution
This document summarizes air pollution and stratospheric ozone depletion. It defines air pollution and lists major air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. It describes primary and secondary pollutants and natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollution. It then discusses stratospheric ozone, how CFCs contribute to its destruction, and the effects of ozone layer depletion including increased UV radiation reaching Earth's surface.
Ozone layer
The ozone layer is a layer of concentrated ozone gas in the lower stratosphere that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is formed through a natural process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone via photolysis. However, man-made chlorofluorocarbons have been depleting the ozone layer since the 1970s. Ozone depletion occurs when CFCs release chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone. This has led to health and environmental effects from increased UV exposure such as skin cancer. International agreements have sought to regulate ozone depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover.
ozone depletion
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
• Introduction
Ozone
Ozone layer
• Ozone–oxygen cycle
Chapman cycle
• Ozone Depletion
• Ozone Hole
• Effect Of Ozone Depletion
• Solution
• World Ozone Day
Similar to Ozone depletion (20)
all about OZONE and ozone depletion in the atmosphere.ppt
all about OZONE and ozone depletion in the atmosphere.ppt
IB Chemistry on Resonance, Delocalization and Ozone Destruction
IB Chemistry on Resonance, Delocalization and Ozone Destruction
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学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
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原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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挂科购买【(UAL毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证】【176555708微信号】留学假毕业证成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
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三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Presentation made for the Webinar Series on Biomimicry for sustainability on 1st June 2024 organized by Green Building Council Sri Lanka
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
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Ozone depletion
- 1. OZONE LAYER DEPLETION A Hole Story A Hole Story
- 2. he Ultraviolet Spectrumhe Ultraviolet Spectrum UV light: 100 to 400 nm UV spectrum – 4 regions o Far UV: 100 – 200 nm o UV – C : 200 – 280 nm o UV – B : 280 – 315 nm UV light: 100 to 400 nm UV spectrum – 4 regions o Far UV: 100 – 200 nm o UV – C : 200 – 280 nm o UV – B : 280 – 315 nm o UV – A : 315 – 400 nm Radio IR Visible Light UV X-Rays UV-A UV-B UV-C Far UV 400nm 100nm DNA damaging range 200nm300nm λ
- 3. Ultraviolet Radiation 230-280 nm damages nucleic acids Stops reproduction of cells by breaking apart the DNA bonds Ozone production peaks at 185nm Ozone absorbance and destruction at 200-320nm Ozone destructionOzone formation
- 4. UV ozone generation and destruction: equilibrium O2 + hυ185 2O. O. + O2 + M O3 + M O3 + hυ254 O2 + O. Equilibrium between production and destruction
- 6. Ozone Formation and Depletion
- 8. The catalyzed cycle of stratospheric ozone production and destruction 1. hυ + O2 2O. 1. O. + O2 O3 1. O3 + X O2 + OX 4. OX + O. O2 + X X could be Cl from a CFC
- 10. Halogen catalysis of ozone destruction
- 11. Halogen removal from atmosphere Cl + CH4 HCl + CH3 . ClO + NO2 ClONO2 Both HCl and ClONO2 inactive: rain out Br + O3 BrO + O2 Br + CH4 HBr + CH3 . HBr can photolytically provide Br again Halons and CH3Br provide Br
- 12. List of ozone depleting substances Table 8.13 Masters http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html Ozone Depleting Substances Halons
- 14. Strong circulatory winds around Antarctica isolate the air in the lower and middle stratosphere Ice crystals form in vortex Antarctic Vortex during Winter
- 15. Antarctic Reactions Winter reactions Polar vortex: -90 o C Ice clouds ClONO2 + H2O HOCl + HNO3 HOCl + HCl Cl2 + H2O Spring reactions Cl2 + hυ 2 Cl in early spring Cl + O3 ClO + O3 destructive loop HNO3 + Cl ClONO2 in photocatalysis
- 16. Global total ozone change
- 20. Studying Ozone Layer changes
- 22. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone" The Netherlands USA USA Max-Planck-Institute MIT, USA Department of Chemistry, for Chemistry Mainz, Germany Cambridge, MA University of California Irvine, CA, USA 1933 - 1943 - 1927 - Paul J. Crutzen Mario J. Molina F. Sherwood Rowland
- 26. Record ozone hole, 2006
- 27. Ozone Hole 2009
- 28. Ozone Hole 2009
- 29. Ozone Hole 2010
- 30. Ozone Hole Growth: October 27, 1980 September 21, 2006 September 17, 2009
- 32. Ozone hole size in recent years
- 34. EARTH IS IN OUR HANDS WE CAN SAVE IT. THINK AS A HUMAN, BE A HUMAN
- 35. A Proud Presentation by HARSHAVARDHAN BABU ThankYou Powered by ©BVG STUDIOS, All rights reserved.
- 36. MAKE YOUR PRESENTATIONS PROUD WITH