Overview-Of-Ghana-Power-System-NITS1-1.pptx

Overview of Ghana Power System
GHANA GRID COMPANY LTD
SEPTEMBER, 2019

Overview of Power System
Upon completion of this module the participant should
be able to:
D
Describe the Basic concepts
of power system
L
List various components
of the grid and Explain
how they work
K
I
Identify all the key players
in the Ghana NITS
Course Objectives
Know all the various
substations under NNS
and SNS.

I
INTRODUCTION
An overview of the course
?
HOW POWER SYSTEM WORKS
What defines a power system
G
THE GENERATION SYSTEM
Forms of Generation
T
THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Nodes and Lines
D
DISTRIBUTION
Final Stages of the Power System
S SUBSTATIONS
Importance of Substations
L
SUMMARY
Recount Lessons Learnt
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

4
A. Electrical Power System
An electric power system is a network of
electrical components deployed to supply,
transfer and use electric power
A modern electric power system has mainly six
components:
i. Power plants which generate electric power,
ii. Transformers which raise the voltages,
Introduction

5
iii. Transmission lines to carry power,
iv. Substations at which the voltage is stepped down
for carrying power over the distribution lines,
v. Distribution lines, and
vi. Distribution transformers which lower the
voltage to the level needed for the consumer
equipment.
Introduction

6
Introduction

7
Introduction
?

8
B. Power Generation
Power plants convert the energy stored in the fuel (mainly coal,
oil, natural gas, enriched uranium) or renewable energies
(water, wind, solar, etc.) into electric energy
The Generation System

9
i. HYDRO
. Convert potential energy from running (kinetic) or falling
water into electrical energy.
. Typically, a series of dams and reservoirs on river basins
collect water to form an upper reservoir, which is then
directed through large pipes called penstocks to turbines
coupled to generators.
. Generators convert Mechanical energy into Electrical
energy

10
. Water is discharged through a tailrace, at a lower
elevation than the upper reservoir.
. The electrical output from the generator is controlled by
adjusting the flow-rate of water.

11

13
ii. Thermal
. Coal, Oil, and Gas are used to produce thermal
electricity. They all work basically the same way
.Many large thermal plants use a simple-cycle process to
generate electricity.
. Fuel is burned to create heat which generates Electricity
and its exhaust content vented into the atmosphere .

14
. Some thermal plants have been converted to
combined cycle generation (a form of more
advanced thermal technology).
. These plants capture waste heat from exhaust gas
to produce more electricity and to use fuel more
efficiently.

15
Thermal Power Generation
Gas and Steam Turbines
 Fuel – Gas/HFO/LCO/DFO
 Starting Motor
 Inlet Air
 Spark Plugs
Combustion Chamber
 Fuel Nozzles
 Crossfire Tubes
 Turbine
Exhaust
Generator

16

17
Important Note:
. Hydro Power Generation
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Mechanical Energy
Electrical Energy
. Thermal Power Generation
Chemical Energy
Heat Energy
Mechanical Energy
Electrical Energy

18
Hydroelectric Power Generation
 Akosombo Power Station
 Kpong Power Station
 Bui Power Station
 Aboadze Thermal Power Station (TAPCO/TICO)
 Tema Thermal Power Complex (Station 2 – TT1PS/Cenit, & Station 3 –
Siemens Plant)
 Sunon Asogli Thermal Plant
 Kpone Thermal Plant
 KarPower Plant
 Ameri Plant
 Cen Power
 Aksa Plant
 Amandi Power Plant

19
Overview of Ghana Power System
S/N STATE OWNED PRIVATE OWNED
HYDRO THERMAL THERMAL
1 Akosombo Power Station Takoradi Thermal power
Plant (TAPCO)
Takoradi International
Company (TICO)
2 Kpong Power Station Tema Thermal Power
Plant (TT1PP)
Cenit Thermal Power
Plant (CENIT)
3 Bui Power Station Siemens thermal Power
Plant (TT2PP)
Sunon Asogli Thermal
Power Plant
4 - Kpone Thermal Power
Plant (KTPP)
AMERI Power Plant
5 - CenPower Plant
6 - - KarPower Plant
7 - - Aksa Power Plant
8 - - Amandi Power Plant

20
Solar Power
Pungu Solar System (VRA)
 Location: Pungu, Navrongo
 Capacity: 2MW
 Solar Panels – 6588 panels
 0.415kv/34.5kv transformer
 5.52km from the Solar plant to the Distribution station (NEDCo)
Beijing Xiaocheng Company (BXC) (Private)
 Location: Gomoa Onyandze, Winneba
 Capacity: 20MW
 Solar Panels: 64,400
 7.8km from the Solar plant to the Distribution station (ECG)

21
Solar Power
Meinergy Solar Company (Private)
 Location: Gomoa Onyandze, Winneba
 Capacity: 20MW
 Solar Panels: 64,400
 7.8km from the Solar plant to the Distribution station (ECG)

22
Existing and Committed generation capacity for 2019

25
31.2%
Hydro
Thermal
68.0%
0.8%
Renewables

26
Transmission System
 The Transmission network is composed of over 5,440Km
length of high voltage transmission lines, mainly operated
at 161kV, connecting some 61 substations.
 There are other voltage levels operated as part of the
transmission network: these include;
330kV
225kV
69kV

27
Transmission System
 The transmission segment of the power system carries
electric power over long distances from the generating
stations to the distribution system.
 The transmission system is a network of high voltage
power lines and stations/substations
 A transmission system may be made up of overhead lines
carried on towers or insulated cables buried underground.
.

28
FACT SHEET
330 kV = 371km
225 kV = 73km
161 kV = 4,863km
69kV = 133km
TOTAL = 5,440 km
Substations - 61

30
161kV Transmission Line 330kV Transmission Line

31
It is an integral part of the power system and serves as a juncture point of
lines and other system equipment.
The substation serves 3 basic purposes.
 Switching Equipment and Circuits in and out of the system.
accomplished by circuit breakers and associated protective relaying
equipment, and by isolating devices, such as disconnect switches.
 Voltage Transformation, i.e., stepping up or stepping down voltages in
the system. Accomplished by the transformer.
 Voltage Control: Accomplished by shunt reactors (mainly on the high
voltage system), shunt capacitors, voltage regulators, load tap-changing
transformers, etc.
The Substation System

32
1. GENERATION SWITCHYARDS
2. BULK-TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS
3. SUB-TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS
4. DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS
Types of Substations

33
Master Stations and Subordinates
Southern Network Services
Volta Area
 Volta Substation 161/330KV V2
 New Tema Substation E4
 Smelter Substation S3
 Smelter II Substation SM60
 Afienya Substation AN71 (Under Construction)
 Sogakope Substation SK33
 Aflao Substation AF39
 Freezone (Enclave) FZ72
 Kpone Collector KC 75
Accra Area
 Achimota Substation H5
 Winneba Substation W6
 Mallam Substation M37
 Accra East Substation AE59
 Accra Central AC83

34
Akosombo Area
 Akosombo Substation A1
 Kpong Substation G17
 New Kpong Substation Z19
 Asiekpe Substation AP22
 Ho Substation H023
 Kpeve Substation PE24
 Kpandu Substation PU25
 Kedjebi Substation KD70 under construction
 Tafo Sub Area
 Tafo Substation F15
 Akwatia Substation Q16
 Nkawkaw Substation N14
 New Abirem NA61

35
Takoradi Area
 Takoradi Substation T8
 Cape Coast Substation C7
 Esiama Substation EA34
 Elubo Substation 161/225KV EL36
 Aboadze Enclave
Tapco Substation 161/330KV TT32
T3 Substation TE66

36
Prestea Area
 Prestea Substation P10
 Bogoso Substation BS30
 Tarkwa Substation R9
 New Tarkwa NR41
 Akyempim Substation AY42

37
Northern Network Services
Kumasi Area
 Kumasi Substation K13
 Obuasi Substation B12
 New Obuasi Substation NB21
 Dunkwa Substation D11
 Asawinso Substation AS20
 Konongo Substation J18
 Anwomaso Substation AW58
 Ayanfuri Substation AR57
 Obotan BT78
 Juabeso Substation JB64

38
Techiman Area
 Techiman Substation TH26
 Sunyani Substation SN27
 Mim Substation MM62
 Kintampo Substation KP56
 Bui Substation BU54
 *Atebubu Substation AT65 (Proposed)
 Berekum Substation BR63 (under construction)

39
Tamale Area
 Tamale Substation TM28
 Adubiyili AD81
 Sawla Substation SA38
 Yendi Substation YD35
 Buipe Substation BP55
Bolga Area
 Bolga Substation BG29
 Zebila Substation ZB53
 Tumu Substation TU69
 Bawku Substation BK73
 Wa Substation WA68
 Nayagnia NY82

40
System Interconnections
 As power systems expanded out from their urban cores,
interconnections among neighboring systems became
increasingly necessary and common.
 This allows neighboring utilities to form power pools that
enable electricity trading, sharing of reserve capacity and
enhance system security.

41
System Interconnections
 The power system of Ghana is interconnected with the
power systems of Cote d’Ivoire, operated by CIE, Togo-
Benin, operated by CEB, and Burkina Faso, operated by
SONABEL.

42
AC Distribution System
Distribution system is the electrical system between the Step
down substation fed by the transmission system and the
consumers’ meters. This is classified in two as follows;
 Primary Distribution system
 Secondary Distribution system

43
 Distribution networks carry power through the last few
kilometers from sub transmission to consumers.
 Power is carried in distribution networks through wires
either on poles or, in many urban areas, underground.
 Lower voltages are used in distribution networks, as lower
voltages require less clearance. Typically lines up to 34.5 kV
are considered part of the distribution network.

44
 The connection between distribution networks and
transmission or sub transmission occurs at distribution
substations.
 Distribution substations have transformers to step voltage
down to the primary distribution level.

46
A TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

47
 This is part of an AC distribution system which operates at
voltages some what higher than general utilization and handles
large blocks of energy than the average low voltage consumer
uses.
 The voltage used depends on the amount of power to be
conveyed and distance to the substation required to be fed
.The common voltages used in primary distribution are
11/11.5kV and 33/34.5kV.
. Voltage is carried out by 3-phase, 3-wire system
Primary Distribution

48
 This part of an AC distribution system which includes the range
of voltages at which the ultimate consumer utilizes the electrical
energy delivered to him/her.
 It is achieved by a 3-phase, 4-wire system
 The voltage is 415/240V
 It is achieved by stepping down the primary distribution voltage
through a 3-phase delta to star transformer-11kV/0.415kV
Secondary Distribution System

49
We have discussed….
1. What constitutes a Power System
2. Generation in Power Systems
3. The Role of the Transmissions
4. Distribution Networks
5. Summarized the role of substations in connecting the
phases
6. Related the Various stages to the Ghana NITS
Summary

Overview-Of-Ghana-Power-System-NITS1-1.pptx

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