This document outlines a presentation on loss and damage (L&D) from climate change. It defines L&D, discusses the history of L&D in international climate negotiations, summarizes the Warsaw International Mechanism established to address L&D, and reviews research on conceptualizing and measuring L&D. Key findings from a nine country case study show L&D occurs when adaptation is insufficient or has unrecovered costs. Addressing L&D involves risk reduction, transfer, and retention strategies. Challenges to understanding L&D include attribution and data collection.
Disaster management plans are traditionally made to manage disasters. Effective management of disasters requires getting information to the right place at the right time using latest technologies. Leverage learning by local organizations, NGO’s and youth is one effective tool to improve disaster management outcomes. However, there are cognitive, organizational and social barriers that prevent these organizations from learning. Organizational culture is another important aspect to enhance learning and learning literature. In this connection, this paper emphasizes the need for National Disaster Management Force at all levels of society similar to the NSS and NCC in achieving effective disaster management. The necessity of need based systems and procedures, to expedite the transfer of technology to each and every citizen of the country; to implement effective rules and regulations; to design policies; to improve interdisciplinary approach in combating disasters are discussed. An effort is made to propose a futuristic approach to cater the challenges in disaster mitigation and management for safe and resilient India.
Disaster Management Systems: Building Capacity for Developing Countries and ...Connie White
Some societies are more disaster prone than others due to their geographic location and the benefits provided by it. Man has co-existed in this sort of high risk/high return relationship with mother nature throughout history. Poorer societies tend to pay a higher price both in lives taken and damage – left with many secondary and equally devastating disasters that are sure to come. We know that for every $1 USD put into preventative measures, we save ~$7 that would have gone into post-disaster recovery and rebuilding efforts. There are many international agencies working to support a variety of needs in these grief stricken areas to help them build capacity and to help these societies better prepare for and respond to the disasters they will face. These efforts are guided by the Millennium Project Goals outlined in 2000. A lot has changed since then with respect to technology, mobile devices and humanitarianism. The objective of this paper is exploit how current efforts are creating capacity on the individual, organizational and 'enabling environment' levels. This paper explores the notion that a more concerted effort can be made at building Information and Communication Disaster Management Capacity in developing countries who are most susceptible due to proximity and to a lack of funds. A 'proof of concept' is provided
Disaster management plans are traditionally made to manage disasters. Effective management of disasters requires getting information to the right place at the right time using latest technologies. Leverage learning by local organizations, NGO’s and youth is one effective tool to improve disaster management outcomes. However, there are cognitive, organizational and social barriers that prevent these organizations from learning. Organizational culture is another important aspect to enhance learning and learning literature. In this connection, this paper emphasizes the need for National Disaster Management Force at all levels of society similar to the NSS and NCC in achieving effective disaster management. The necessity of need based systems and procedures, to expedite the transfer of technology to each and every citizen of the country; to implement effective rules and regulations; to design policies; to improve interdisciplinary approach in combating disasters are discussed. An effort is made to propose a futuristic approach to cater the challenges in disaster mitigation and management for safe and resilient India.
Disaster Management Systems: Building Capacity for Developing Countries and ...Connie White
Some societies are more disaster prone than others due to their geographic location and the benefits provided by it. Man has co-existed in this sort of high risk/high return relationship with mother nature throughout history. Poorer societies tend to pay a higher price both in lives taken and damage – left with many secondary and equally devastating disasters that are sure to come. We know that for every $1 USD put into preventative measures, we save ~$7 that would have gone into post-disaster recovery and rebuilding efforts. There are many international agencies working to support a variety of needs in these grief stricken areas to help them build capacity and to help these societies better prepare for and respond to the disasters they will face. These efforts are guided by the Millennium Project Goals outlined in 2000. A lot has changed since then with respect to technology, mobile devices and humanitarianism. The objective of this paper is exploit how current efforts are creating capacity on the individual, organizational and 'enabling environment' levels. This paper explores the notion that a more concerted effort can be made at building Information and Communication Disaster Management Capacity in developing countries who are most susceptible due to proximity and to a lack of funds. A 'proof of concept' is provided
Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Enhance your audiences knowledge with this well researched complete deck. Showcase all the important features of the deck with perfect visuals. This deck comprises of total of seventy eight slides with each slide explained in detail. Each template comprises of professional diagrams and layouts. Our professional PowerPoint experts have also included icons, graphs and charts for your convenience. All you have to do is DOWNLOAD the deck. Make changes as per the requirement. Yes, these PPT slides are completely customizable. Edit the colour, text and font size. Add or delete the content from the slide. And leave your audience awestruck with the professionally designed Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides complete deck.
Cities around the world are facing challenges brought about by rapid increases in population and geographic spread, which places greater pressure on infrastructure and services. Climate change impacts, including rising sea level, more frequent and severe storms, coastal erosion and declining freshwater sources will likely exacerbate these urban issues, in particular in poor and vulnerable communities that lack adequate infrastructure and services.
Globally, the impacts of climate change on urban areas have received less attention than on rural areas where poverty levels are higher and populations depend directly on climate-sensitive livelihoods. However, more than 50% of the world’s population currently lives in cities. By 2050, this figure is expected to increase to 70%, or 6.4 billion people, and Asian cities are likely to account for more than 60% of this increase. Urban areas are the economic powerhouses that support both the aspirations of the poor and most national economies. Furthermore, urban residents and the economic activity they generate depend on systems that are fragile and often subject to failure under the combination of climate and development pressures. If urban systems fail, the potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change on urban residents in general, on poor and vulnerable populations, and on the wider economy is massive. As a result, work on urban climate resilience is of critical importance in overall global initiatives to address the impacts of climate change.
The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) works at the intersection of climate change, urban systems and social vulnerability to consider both direct and indirect impacts of climate change in urban areas.
Vulnerability is the degree to which a population, individual or organization is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters.
Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a practical guide. (WHO, 2002)
Children, pregnant women, elderly people, malnourished people, and people who are ill or immune compromised, are particularly vulnerable when a disaster strikes, and take a relatively high share of the disease burden associated with emergencies. Poverty – and its common consequences such as malnutrition, homelessness, poor housing and destitution – is a major contributor to vulnerability.
Help to this group must be planned
Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R...The Rockefeller Foundation
The public health communication community has more tools and mechanisms at its disposal than ever before, but we are also facing increasingly complex public health challenges ushered in by globalization, urbanization, conflict, and connective technologies. We are connected in unprecedented ways, but despite this fact there remains a lack of consistent and coherent communication among responders, within health systems and across the public domain.
In light of this persistent problem, KYNE and News Deeply, supported by The Rockefeller Foundation, convened a meeting on Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing Resilience to Health Crises, held at the Bellagio Center in Bellagio, Italy, in October 2015. At the convening, 18 experts in communication, public health, and emergency response came together to detail areas of alignment and gaps.
This report seeks to distill those lessons learned and contribute to the research base on public health communication in times of crisis, by detailing key takeaways from the convening. News Deeply also conducted interviews with participants, as well as external reviews with community organizations and leaders, to inform the body of the report. In addition, we have synthesized case studies from three participants across different regional contexts: the 2013–15 Ebola crisis in West Africa, the SARS epidemic of 2003 in Singapore, and the 2015 Legionnaires’ disease outbreak in New York City.
Launched in 2008, the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) Initiative aimed to catalyze attention, funding, and action for building the climate change resilience of vulnerable cities and people in Asia. Given that current estimates forecast that about 55 percent of Asia’s population will be living in urban centers by 2030, the ACCCRN Initiative is built on the premise that cities can take actions to build climate resilience – including drainage and flood management, ecosystem strengthening,
increasing awareness, and disease control – which can greatly improve the lives of poor and vulnerable people, not just in times of shock or stress, but every day.
At the time the initiative was launched, the concept of urban resilience and models for implementing it were nascent and emergent. ACCCRN proved to be an important experiment and “learning lab” for the Foundation and its grantees and partners to build capacity in cities to better understand and implement resilience solutions to the often devastating shocks and stresses of climate change. The initiative was effective in the initial 10 ACCCRN cities and, later, in an additional 40 cities.
As part of our Foundation-wide commitment to learning and accountability to our grantees, partners and stakeholders, we undertook an independent evaluation of the work of the initiative in 2014 to assess what worked well and not so well in ACCCRN. Conducted by Verulam Associates and ITAD, who also conducted a mid-term evaluation of the ACCCRN Initiative in 2011, this summative evaluation highlights successes, but also provides an important moment to reflect on the challenges we faced and on what we can do better or differently going forward.
Disaster Risk Resilience, curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector, C...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
A Disaster, Risk & Resilience
curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University, UK
(RIP is a process which takes risk prospective as an integral component of thinking, planning, implementing and monitoring development programmes through risk analysis and consequent programme adjustment
Disaster Management Process And Significance PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Counter great challenges with our content-ready disaster management process and significance PowerPoint presentation slides. The emergency management PPT templates ensure necessary strategies to provide prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. These disaster preparedness plan presentation illustrations help communities mitigate the potential adverse effects of a natural disaster. Our mitigation strategy PowerPoint slides cover all the necessary preventive measures such as risk mapping, calamity factors, catastrophe risk formula, disaster cycle, flood preparedness, and earthquake scale. Additionally, our disaster recovery plan PPT show focus on creating a plan to lessen the occurrences of disaster. This emergency management cycle PowerPoint illustration can be used for the other same subjects such as, cyclic disturbances prevention, hazard control, ecosystem stability, stochastic events, disaster recovery planning, climate resilience, sustainable development, business continuity, disaster risk reduction, mass fatality incident and natural catastrophe insurance program. Download our disaster management process and significance PPT visuals which are customizable. Get access to facilities beyond imagination with our Disaster Management Process And Significance PowerPoint Presentation Slides. You will have everything to gain.
In December 2016, The Rockefeller Foundation’s African Regional Office hosted the Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Convening in Nairobi, Kenya. Over 150 delegates and 40 speakers participated, sharing insights, examples, and engaging in debate and discussion on why and how ‘resilience’ can enhance Africa’s ongoing development.
A Cult By Any Other Name: Early Christianity and the Greco-Roman Mystery Reli...Haley Shoemaker
A comparison of Early Christianity and the Mystery religions of Rome in the 2nd Century. More specifically I compare baptism as it is depicted in Tertullian's famous work "On Baptism" to its portrayal in Apuleius' novel "The Golden Ass."
Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Enhance your audiences knowledge with this well researched complete deck. Showcase all the important features of the deck with perfect visuals. This deck comprises of total of seventy eight slides with each slide explained in detail. Each template comprises of professional diagrams and layouts. Our professional PowerPoint experts have also included icons, graphs and charts for your convenience. All you have to do is DOWNLOAD the deck. Make changes as per the requirement. Yes, these PPT slides are completely customizable. Edit the colour, text and font size. Add or delete the content from the slide. And leave your audience awestruck with the professionally designed Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides complete deck.
Cities around the world are facing challenges brought about by rapid increases in population and geographic spread, which places greater pressure on infrastructure and services. Climate change impacts, including rising sea level, more frequent and severe storms, coastal erosion and declining freshwater sources will likely exacerbate these urban issues, in particular in poor and vulnerable communities that lack adequate infrastructure and services.
Globally, the impacts of climate change on urban areas have received less attention than on rural areas where poverty levels are higher and populations depend directly on climate-sensitive livelihoods. However, more than 50% of the world’s population currently lives in cities. By 2050, this figure is expected to increase to 70%, or 6.4 billion people, and Asian cities are likely to account for more than 60% of this increase. Urban areas are the economic powerhouses that support both the aspirations of the poor and most national economies. Furthermore, urban residents and the economic activity they generate depend on systems that are fragile and often subject to failure under the combination of climate and development pressures. If urban systems fail, the potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change on urban residents in general, on poor and vulnerable populations, and on the wider economy is massive. As a result, work on urban climate resilience is of critical importance in overall global initiatives to address the impacts of climate change.
The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) works at the intersection of climate change, urban systems and social vulnerability to consider both direct and indirect impacts of climate change in urban areas.
Vulnerability is the degree to which a population, individual or organization is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters.
Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a practical guide. (WHO, 2002)
Children, pregnant women, elderly people, malnourished people, and people who are ill or immune compromised, are particularly vulnerable when a disaster strikes, and take a relatively high share of the disease burden associated with emergencies. Poverty – and its common consequences such as malnutrition, homelessness, poor housing and destitution – is a major contributor to vulnerability.
Help to this group must be planned
Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R...The Rockefeller Foundation
The public health communication community has more tools and mechanisms at its disposal than ever before, but we are also facing increasingly complex public health challenges ushered in by globalization, urbanization, conflict, and connective technologies. We are connected in unprecedented ways, but despite this fact there remains a lack of consistent and coherent communication among responders, within health systems and across the public domain.
In light of this persistent problem, KYNE and News Deeply, supported by The Rockefeller Foundation, convened a meeting on Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing Resilience to Health Crises, held at the Bellagio Center in Bellagio, Italy, in October 2015. At the convening, 18 experts in communication, public health, and emergency response came together to detail areas of alignment and gaps.
This report seeks to distill those lessons learned and contribute to the research base on public health communication in times of crisis, by detailing key takeaways from the convening. News Deeply also conducted interviews with participants, as well as external reviews with community organizations and leaders, to inform the body of the report. In addition, we have synthesized case studies from three participants across different regional contexts: the 2013–15 Ebola crisis in West Africa, the SARS epidemic of 2003 in Singapore, and the 2015 Legionnaires’ disease outbreak in New York City.
Launched in 2008, the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) Initiative aimed to catalyze attention, funding, and action for building the climate change resilience of vulnerable cities and people in Asia. Given that current estimates forecast that about 55 percent of Asia’s population will be living in urban centers by 2030, the ACCCRN Initiative is built on the premise that cities can take actions to build climate resilience – including drainage and flood management, ecosystem strengthening,
increasing awareness, and disease control – which can greatly improve the lives of poor and vulnerable people, not just in times of shock or stress, but every day.
At the time the initiative was launched, the concept of urban resilience and models for implementing it were nascent and emergent. ACCCRN proved to be an important experiment and “learning lab” for the Foundation and its grantees and partners to build capacity in cities to better understand and implement resilience solutions to the often devastating shocks and stresses of climate change. The initiative was effective in the initial 10 ACCCRN cities and, later, in an additional 40 cities.
As part of our Foundation-wide commitment to learning and accountability to our grantees, partners and stakeholders, we undertook an independent evaluation of the work of the initiative in 2014 to assess what worked well and not so well in ACCCRN. Conducted by Verulam Associates and ITAD, who also conducted a mid-term evaluation of the ACCCRN Initiative in 2011, this summative evaluation highlights successes, but also provides an important moment to reflect on the challenges we faced and on what we can do better or differently going forward.
Disaster Risk Resilience, curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector, C...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
A Disaster, Risk & Resilience
curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University, UK
(RIP is a process which takes risk prospective as an integral component of thinking, planning, implementing and monitoring development programmes through risk analysis and consequent programme adjustment
Disaster Management Process And Significance PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Counter great challenges with our content-ready disaster management process and significance PowerPoint presentation slides. The emergency management PPT templates ensure necessary strategies to provide prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. These disaster preparedness plan presentation illustrations help communities mitigate the potential adverse effects of a natural disaster. Our mitigation strategy PowerPoint slides cover all the necessary preventive measures such as risk mapping, calamity factors, catastrophe risk formula, disaster cycle, flood preparedness, and earthquake scale. Additionally, our disaster recovery plan PPT show focus on creating a plan to lessen the occurrences of disaster. This emergency management cycle PowerPoint illustration can be used for the other same subjects such as, cyclic disturbances prevention, hazard control, ecosystem stability, stochastic events, disaster recovery planning, climate resilience, sustainable development, business continuity, disaster risk reduction, mass fatality incident and natural catastrophe insurance program. Download our disaster management process and significance PPT visuals which are customizable. Get access to facilities beyond imagination with our Disaster Management Process And Significance PowerPoint Presentation Slides. You will have everything to gain.
In December 2016, The Rockefeller Foundation’s African Regional Office hosted the Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Convening in Nairobi, Kenya. Over 150 delegates and 40 speakers participated, sharing insights, examples, and engaging in debate and discussion on why and how ‘resilience’ can enhance Africa’s ongoing development.
A Cult By Any Other Name: Early Christianity and the Greco-Roman Mystery Reli...Haley Shoemaker
A comparison of Early Christianity and the Mystery religions of Rome in the 2nd Century. More specifically I compare baptism as it is depicted in Tertullian's famous work "On Baptism" to its portrayal in Apuleius' novel "The Golden Ass."
65 изобретений России. Которые не встретишь нигде более. Которые вполне патентуемы. И используемы в одной отдельно взятой стране. Реалии, при взгляде на которые невозможно удержаться от хохота
Sustainability Marker to Support the Project Selection Process: the UNOPS CaseRicardo Viana Vargas
The objective of this paper is to present a non conventional approach that is being currently implemented at the United Nations Office for Project Services, when selecting new projects globally, in order to include, as project selection criteria, social, environmental and economic sustainability aspects in humanitarian and development projects. Using a set of twenty ve themes in four major groups, an internal tool called Sustainability Marker was developed to analyse projects above and beyond the traditional nancial criteria in order to evaluate the real impact of the project to the sustainable development goals.
Maggie Ibrahim: Climate Smart Disaster Risk Management Approach: An OverviewSTEPS Centre
Presentation at the STEPS Conference 2010 - Pathways to Sustainability: Agendas for a new politics of environment, development and social justice
http://www.steps-centre.org/events/stepsconference2010.html
Call for Papers (Extended Abstracts): 5th International Conference of the UNE...Graciela Mariani
The Second call for Papers (Extended Abstracts) for the 5th International Conference of the UNESCO Chair in Technologies for Development has been officially launched.
Tech4Dev 2018, gives you an opportunity to:
Ø Present your research at a unique multidisciplinary Conference focused on innovative technology for social impact in the Global South.
Ø Network across disciplines and fields of technology, to promote the development, deployment, adaptation, and scaling of new solutions for the Global South.
Ø Identify opportunities for collaboration with diverse stakeholders – academics, students, engineers, entrepreneurs, policymakers, practitioners, and social scientists- interested in technological innovation in the Global South.
Ø Participate in the fabulous social event of the conference that will take place in the Lavaux Vineyards, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ø Build capacity among students and young professionals to engage in multidisciplinary problem solving for social impact.
Tech4Dev 2018 invites researchers, students, practitioners, industry or anyone interested in critical issues in Technologies for Development to submit proposals for Papers (Extended Abstracts). Submissions should emphasize the value of technological innovation while also acknowledging the limits of technology in generating inclusive social and economic development.
Further information, templates and material can be found on the conference website https://cooperation.epfl.ch/Tech4Dev2018.
Measuring multiple dividends of (un)natural disaster risk management in AsiaOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by: Reinhard Mechler, Thomas Schinko, Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Finn Laurien
This study developed and conducted a systematic mixed-methods grey literature methodology to characterise and identify climate risk insurance initiative in building resilience in developing countries. The study found that climate risk insurance can help developing countries build resilience against extreme weather events. However, there are barriers to the initiative. This is because of the issue of lack of climate data instruments. The collaboration between the public and private sectors is one way to overcome the challenges of implementing climate risk insurance. This systematic review methodology presents crucial insights on the state-of-the-art knowledge on climate risk insurance and resilience in developing countries
1242020 Scenario and Mega-Trend Model Scoring Guidehttps.docxaulasnilda
1/24/2020 Scenario and Mega-Trend Model Scoring Guide
https://courserooma.capella.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/BMGT/BMGT8132/190700/Scoring_Guides/u01a1_scoring_guide.html 1/1
Scenario and Mega-Trend Model Scoring Guide
Due Date: End of Unit 1
Percentage of Course Grade: 15%.
CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT DISTINGUISHED
Evaluate scenario
planning and trend
convergence
theories, models,
and processes.
25%
Does not evaluate
scenario planning
and trend
convergence
theories, models,
and processes.
Evaluates some aspects
of scenario planning
and trend convergence
theories, models, and
processes from
references, research,
and personal
experiences. Analyzes
some themes and
concepts in the
literature.
Evaluates scenario
planning and trend
convergence theories,
models, and
processes from
references, research,
and personal
experiences.
Analyzes major
themes and concepts
in the literature.
Evaluates and
synthesizes scenario
planning and trend
convergence theories,
models, and processes
from references,
research, and personal
experiences. Analyzes
major themes and
concepts in the
literature.
Create and illustrate
a scenario planning
and trend
convergence model.
25%
Neither creates nor
illustrates a
scenario planning
and trend
convergence
model integrating
theoretical support.
Creates and illustrates a
scenario planning and
trend convergence
model. Includes some
aspects from activities,
roles, and
responsibilities, and
how and when activities
will be performed.
Creates and illustrates
a scenario planning
and trend
convergence model.
Includes a set of
activities, roles, and
responsibilities, and
how and when
activities will be
performed.
Creates and illustrates a
scenario planning and
trend convergence
model integrating
theoretical support.
Includes a set of
activities, roles, and
responsibilities, and how
and when activities will
be performed.
Develop an
approach to leading
and implementing a
scenario planning
and trend
convergence model.
25%
Does not develop
an approach to
leading and
implementing a
scenario planning
and trend
convergence
model.
Develops some aspects
of an approach to
leading and
implementing a scenario
planning and trend
convergence model.
Develops an
approach to leading
and implementing a
scenario planning and
trend convergence
model.
Develops a
comprehensive
approach to leading and
implementing a scenario
planning and trend
convergence model.
Communicate in a
scholarly and
professional
manner.
25%
Neither
communicates in a
manner expected
of doctoral-level
composition nor
exhibits critical
thinking skills:
grammar,
punctuation,
mechanics, APA
style and
formatting.
Communicates at a
basic level in a manner
expected of doctoral-
level composition, and
exhibits some critical
thinking skills.
Communicates in a
manner expected of
doctoral-level
composition, and
exhibits critical
thinking skills.
Communicates
exceptionally well in a
manner expected of a
doctoral-level
composition, and
exhibits exceptional
cr ...
1. Outline of Presentation
1. Defining L&D and Related Concepts
2. History of L&D in International Negotiations
3. Details of the Warsaw International Mechanism on L&D
4. Evidence from Nine Country Case Study (UNU-EHS)
5. Conceptualizing L&D (avoiding vs. addressing)
6. How to Address L&D
7. Challenges in Measuring L&D
8. Completed/Ongoing/Upcoming Research
9. Next Steps
2. Defining Loss and Damage
Loss and Damage (working definitions):
“Effects that would not have happened in a world without climate
change, which have not been mitigated, and which cannot be (or
have not been) adapted to” (ActionAid, 2010)
“The actual and/or potential manifestation of impacts associated
with climate change in developing countries that negatively affect
human and natural systems” (UNFCCC, 2012)
“Representing the actual and/or potential manifestation of climate
impacts that negatively affect human and natural systems” (CDKN,
2012)
“The impacts of climate change that people cannot cope with or
adapt to” (Warner and van der Geest, 2013)
3. Limits to Adaptation
“The impacts of climate change that people cannot cope with
or adapt to” (Warner and van der Geest, 2013)
“[T]he point at which an actor’s objectives (or system needs)
cannot be secured from intolerable risks through adaptive
actions” (Dow et al., 2013)
See: Warner, K., and van der Geest, K., (2013) Loss and damage from climate change: Local-level evidence
from nine vulnerable countries. International Journal of Global Warming 5(4), 1-20.
Dow, K., Berkhout, F., Preston, B., Klein, R.J.T., Midley, G., Shaw, R., (2013) Commentary: Limits to adaptation.
Nature Climate Change 3, 305–307
4. Other Definitions
Loss vs. Damage
Loss: impacts of climate change that cannot be recovered
Damage: impacts that can be recovered
Hard vs. Soft Limit
Hard Limit: adaptation is no longer possible
Soft Limit: adaptation strategies to avoid intolerable risk are not
available
Economic vs. Non-Economic L&D
Economic L&D: items for which market values can be assigned
Non-Economic L&D: items for which market values cannot
(easily) be assigned (ie. indirect use values or symbolic values)
5. Economic L&D Impacts
Use Value
(measured with economic means
and the generation of profit)
Structural Impacts
Buildings
Homes/Shelters
Roads
Factories
Machinery
Livelihood Impacts
Crop loss
Land use for production
Employment
Rent
6. Challenges with Measuring
The biggest issue with using markets to measure L&D is that markets
(Morrissey and Oliver-Smith, 2013):
1. Do not value public goods
2. Tend to ignore symbolic values needed to forge identify
and come together to problem solve
3. Fail to value knowledge systems
Formal qualitative accounts of L&D tend to undervalue the
real costs of climate change.
See: Morrissy, J. and Oliver-Smith, A. (2013) Perspectives on Non-Economic Loss and Damage: Understanding
Values at risk due to climate change. CDKN Research. Available at:
www.lossanddamage.net/download/7213.pdf
7. Non-Economic Impacts
Non-economic losses and damages go beyond the
quantifiable
Human lives
Health
Psychological Impacts
Education
Traditions/Religious
Symbolic Assets
Cultural Heritage
Biodiversity
Ecosystem services
8. History of L&D in Int’l Negotiations
1991
•Vanatu proposal to include an insurance mechanism for the
cost of climate change in the convention
2007
•COP13 in Bali called for understanding of risk management,
reduction sharing and transfer
2010
•COP16 in Cancun launched a work programme for
enhanced understanding of L&D
2012
•COP18 in Doha called for the establishment of institutional
arrangements on L&D at COP19
2013
•COP19 in Warsaw established the Warsaw International
Mechanism (WIM) on L&D
9. Warsaw Int’l Mechanism (WIM)
Highlights from the work plan of the Executive Committee of the WIM:
Identify tools, technologies, lessons learned and best practices to
facilitate comprehensive risk management
Assess and develop recommendations to enhance knowledge and
capacity to address slow onset processes
Invite relevant risk management and humanitarian organizations to
develop country specific analyses of the risk of loss and damage and
develop institutional arrangements to prevent and manage loss and
damage
Establish an expert group to develop recommendations for reducing the
risk of and addressing non-economic losses
Need to enhance understanding of: how loss and damage impacts
vulnerable people and countries, slow onset processes and approaches
to address them, human mobility and non-economic losses
See: http://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/cancun_adaptation_framework/loss_and_damage/application/pdf
workplan_18sept_11am.pdf
10. Nine Country Case Study
Found L&D occurs in four different cases:
1. Coping and adaptation measures are not sufficient
2. Coping and adaptation measures have costs that are not
recovered (both economic and non-economic)
3. Coping and adaptation measures are erosive and increase
vulnerability
4. No coping or adaptation measures are implemented
because of a lack of capacity or resources or because the
hard limits of adaptation have been reached
See: Warner, K., and van der Geest, K., (2013) Loss and damage from climate change: Local-level evidence from nine
vulnerable countries. International Journal of Global Warming 5(4), 1-20.
11. Conceptualizing L&D
Avoiding L&D:
Mitigation, adaptation, risk
management and
sustainable development
Addressing Residual L&D:
Risk management (risk
transfer, risk retention, relief
and reconstruction)
12. Addressing Residual L&D
Risk Reduction:
Structural measures such as embankments, cyclone shelters, etc.
Non-structural measures such as the use of indigenous knowledge,
early earning systems, etc.
Risk Transfer:
Insurance, micro-insurance, risk pooling, catastrophe bonds
Risk Retention:
Social safety nets/social protection measures, contingency
funds/loans
Other:
Sustainable development, livelihood diversification, migration
policies, national frameworks and policies and regional agreements
14. Completed Research
Loss and Damage in Vulnerable Country Initiative
Compendium project with ICCCAD, GermanWatch, MCII and UNU-EHS
All publications are available at:
www.lossanddamage.net
15. Key Findings from Bangladesh
Transformational approaches are needed to address L&D
Comprehensive approaches are necessary to effectively address L&D
Capacity building is required to effectively design and implement approaches to
L&D
Enhance collaboration and communication within as well as between
government agencies and external research organizations
Enhance public awareness about climate change
Linking national, regional and international processes
Finance and technology transfer will be required to undertake research
Establishment of a national-level L&D mechanism
See: Roberts, E. et al. (2013) Early Lessons from the Process to Enhance Understanding of Loss
and Damage in Bangladesh. CDKN Research. Available at: www.lossanddamage.net/4945
16. Ongoing Research
Asia-Pacific Network on Global Change Research (APN-
GCR) 14 Project initiative on DRR, CCD and L&D research
Enhanced Understanding on:
The risk of slow onset events
Economic and non-economic L&D
Impacts on the most vulnerable
Approaches to slow onset and extreme events into climate-
resilient development processes
How climate change is affecting patterns of mitigation,
displacement and human mobility
All research will be available at:
www.lossanddamageforum.org
17. Next Steps
Explore and expand synergies with existing policy
agendas on DRR, CCA and sustainable development
Identify limits to adaptation and understand who is
particularly vulnerable to experiencing loss and damage
Understand how different value systems can help
avoid/reduce future losses and damages
Enhance understanding of how
transformative adaptation can
play a role in avoiding and
reducing loss and damage
It would be interesting to also include some of the alternative definitions e.g. are we talking only of ‘residual impacts’ beyond adaptation and mitigation (e.g Actionaid and above), or just ‘impacts’ in general? (e.g. Germanwatch, CDKN)
UNFCCC: For the purpose of this literature review, loss and damage has been broadly defined as ‘the actual and/or potential manifestation of impacts associated with climate change in developing countries that negatively affect human and natural systems’. http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/sbi/eng/inf14.pdf
ActionAid: “Effects that would not have happened in a world without climate change, which have not been mitigated, and which cannot be (or have not been) adapted to.” http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/loss_and_damage_-_discussion_paper_by_actionaid-_nov_2010.pdf
CDKN Loss & Damage in Vulnerable Countries Inititiative / GermanWatch:
Defines loss and damage as “representing the actual and/or potential manifestation of climate impacts that negatively affect human and natural systems http://www.loss-and-damage.net/4788