This document provides information on outlining, including the importance of outlining, two formats of outlining (alphanumeric and decimal), and two types of outlines (topic and sentence). Examples of both a topic outline and sentence outline on the effects of divorce on adolescents are also included. The document concludes by providing a thesis statement and having the reader construct a sentence outline from the thesis.

1. EAPP

2. What is Paraphrasing?
Memory Check……

3. Memory Check……
What are the ways of
paraphrasing did we
already discuss?

4. Arrange the following according to hierarchy:
• Quezon City
• Asia
• Philippines
• Luzon
• NCR
• Duke
• King
• Baron
• Prince
•Cardinal
•Pope
•Abbot
•Bishop
• Bimby Yap
• Ninoy Aquino
• Noynoy
Aquino
• Asia
• Philippines
• Luzon
• NCR
• Quezon City
• King
• Prince
• Duke
• Baron
• Ninoy
• Noynoy
• Bimby
• Pope
• Cardinal
• Bishop
• Abbot

5. Extract information from the
given text.
GROUP ACTIVITY

6. Define Outline through a
Tree Diagram
GROUP ACTIVITY

7. Outline
•hierarchical outline
•a list arranged to show hierarchical
relationships
•tree structure
• presents the main points (in sentences)
or topics (terms) of a given subject.

8. Importance of Outline
•help construct and organize
ideas in a sequential manner
and thoughtful flow.
•makes writing easier
•makes reading easier

9. Two Formats of Outline
1. Alphanumeric Format
Each main heading, or topic, is noted by a
Roman numeral and can be separated into
two or more distinct classifications. These
subheadings would be indented and then
noted by a capital letter. The third level of
subheadings can be separated into two or
more distinct classifications and noted by
Arabic numbers.

10. Two Formats of Outline
1. Alphanumeric Format
The fourth level of subheadings can
be separated into two or more
distinct classifications and noted by
lower-case letters. Not all headings
or subheadings will be separated
into further classifications.

11. Two Formats of Outline

12. Two Formats of Outline
2. Decimal Format
The decimal outline is similar to the
alphanumeric outline. The primary
difference between is that the decimal
outline is written using decimals to note
each heading and subheading. The main
heading would be noted by a whole
number.

13. Two Formats of Outline
2. Decimal Format
Each subheading would be noted by a decimal
building from the main heading. For example,
the main heading would be noted as 1. The
first subheading under that section would be
noted as 1.1. If there were another level of
subheadings, that line would be noted as
1.1.1.

14. Two Formats of Outline

15. Two Types of Outline
TOPIC OUTLINE SENTENCE OUTLINE
1. lists words or phrases 1. lists complete sentences
2. arranges your
ideas hierarchically
2. Both 1 and 2
3. shows what you will talk about 3. expresses the specific and
complete idea
4. identifies all the little mini-
topics that your paper will
comprise, and shows how they
relate.
4. Each sentence, instead of
simply identifying a mini-topic, is
like a mini-thesis statement about
that mini-topic.

16. •Write out your thesis at the top of the page.
•Make a list of points you must prove to prove your
thesis. What would someone have to agree with, in
order to agree with the thesis?
•These will be the main sections of your paper. Like the
thesis, these should be complete, declarative
sentences—something you can either prove or disprove.
•On a new page, write your first main point. This is
the thesis for that section of the paper.
Writing the Sentence Outline

17. •Make a list of the points you have to prove
to prove that point. Just as with the main
points, these should be complete,
declarative sentences—statements you can
prove or disprove.
•These are your sub-points for that section.
•Repeat the process for each of your main
points.
Writing the Sentence Outline

18. Example of topic outline
I. Family Problems
A. Custodial: Non-custodial Conflicts
B. Extended Family
C. Adolescent's Age
II. Economic Problems
A. Child Support
B. Women's Job Training
C. Lower Standard of Living
D. Possible Relocation
1. Poorer Neighborhood
2. New School
III. Peer Problems
A. Loss of Friends
B. Relationships with Dates

19. Example of sentence outline
• Negative Effects of Divorce on Adolescents
• I. When family conflicts arise as a result of divorce, adolescents suffer.
A. During the first year, these young people may be depressed due
to conflicts between the custodial and non-custodial parents.
B. Grandparents, aunts, and uncles are often restricted by visitation
provisions.
C. Almost without exception, adolescents find divorce very painful,
but they react in differing degrees depending on their age.
II. Some of the most negative effects on adolescents may be
associated with economic problems.
A. The family will most probably experience a lower standard of
living due to the cost of maintaining two households.
B. Some female custodial parents have poor job skills and must
train before entering the job market.

20. Example of sentence outline
•
C. The lower standard of living may result in misunderstanding and
conflicts within the family.
D. The decreased standard of living, particularly for an untrained
female custodial parent, often causes relocation.
1. The family may have to move to a poorer neighborhood in order
to cut costs.
2. As a result, the adolescent may have to attend a different
school.
III. 2aqAdolescents from divorced families often experience peer
problems.
A. Due to relocation and prejudice, adolescents may lose friends.
B. The lack of a solid relationship with both parents affects an
adolescent’s attitude toward the opposite sex.226

21. Make a sentence outline out of this
thesis statement:
Students should wear school
uniforms because it serves as their
identity, it makes them look smart
and tidy, and it costs less money that
casual clothes.

22. Topic: Students should wear school uniform
I. It serves as their identity.
A.
B.
C.
II. It makes them look smart and tidy.
A.
B.
C.
III. It costs less money than casual clothes.
A.
B.
C.