Chief Keith Matthew of the Simpcw First Nation discusses Indigenous rights and knowledge regarding water. He emphasizes that water is sacred, and that Indigenous cultures and laws require protecting water. While colonialism impacted this relationship, opportunities now exist to incorporate Indigenous knowledge and rights into water management. Any water strategy must involve Indigenous groups and recognize their jurisdiction over water resources.

1. Chief Keith Matthew Simpcw First Nation August 30, 2010 BC Water Science Strategy Symposium “Water is the lifeblood of the land”: acting upon Indigenous water knowledge and rights to water

2. “We the Simpcw First Nation, affirm our relationship to Mother Earth and responsibility to future generations to raise our voices to speak for the protection of water. We were placed in a sacred manner on this earth, each in our own sacred and traditional lands and territories to care for all creation and to care for water.” “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Intro: Simpcw Water Declaration

3. Simpcw Water Declaration: signed August 16, 2010 Indigenous Peoples’ Relationship to Water, Conditions of our Waters, Right to Water and Self-Determination, Role of TEK, Requirements of Consultation and Accommodation, and Plan of Action Water Declaration as a means to assert Indigenous Rights to Water and concurrent commitment to care for water “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Intro: Simpcw Water Declaration

4. Indigenous connections with water Traditional Ecological Knowledge Impacts of colonialism on our lands, waters, culture and knowledge Current context: threats and opportunities Considering a “BC Water Science Strategy” from a First Nations perspective “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Outline of Presentation

5. Cultures linked closely with and flow from the land and water Indigenous laws about water thousands of years old Sacred duty to protect the water- availability and purity Indigenous practices of caring for water involve detailed knowledge “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Indigenous Connections with Water

6. Indigenous Rights to, and in water continue to flow from the relationship of Indigenous Peoples to our traditional territories Inherent right to water includes a right of self-determination Continue to sustain our waters for all life and future peoples; continue to implement these inherent rights and responsibilities “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Indigenous Connections with Water

7. The Simpcw First Nation has not ceded, released nor surrendered one square inch of territory or rights - extremely important in considering connections with water!! Aboriginal Title includes Water and Land, based on occupancy on land prior to European arrival in Canada Aboriginal Rights flow from Aboriginal Title “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Indigenous Connections with Water

8. Must protect Aboriginal water Rights so that Aboriginal people can make a moderate living, remain in traditional communities, and preserve traditional and contemporary Indigenous cultures Sec. 35 of the Constitution recognizes and affirms the existing Aboriginal and Treaty Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Indigenous Connections with Water

9. Indigenous Rights to Water are supported by International Measures including: UN Declaration on Indigenous Peoples- broad scope water rights Convention on Biological Diversity- key role of Indigenous knowledge in conservation ILO Convention 169- right to manage resources including waters “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Indigenous Connections with Water

10. TEK based on natural and spiritual laws and ensures sustainable use through traditional resource conservation TEK for our people is way of life – not a scientific term TEK combines the knowledge our ancestors on how to take care of and respect the water to ensure it is available for future peoples “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Traditional Ecological Knowledge

11. Not publicly available Holders of TEK must be respected 1997 Delgamuukw SCC decision recognized for the first time that oral history recognized as a legitimate evidence in court of law “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Traditional Ecological Knowledge

12. TEK is essential to use in water stewardship and decision making Indigenous water practices are wholistic TEK goes hand in hand with Indigenous governance and management of water resources Impossible to draw on TEK without also addressing Indigenous water rights and governance “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Traditional Ecological Knowledge

13. Reserve system meant that we could not carry out sacred duty of caring for all our Lands and Waters Greatly reduced access to our waters created extreme challenges to our health, food security, and traditional lifestyles Legislatively denied access to our traditional Lands and Waters “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Impacts of Colonialism

14. BC’s Water Act developed in 1909- absence of any recognition of prior occupation by Indigenous peoples Water Actdeveloped during time of colonization and exploitation of First Nations’ peoples, Lands (waters) and cultures Water Act not aimed at conservation (was not a mainstream concern then), but at usage of water for benefit of industry “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Impacts of Colonialism

15. Water Act (1909) features: BC asserts jurisdiction over all freshwater in BC, including surface and groundwater Water licenses issued on “first come first serve” basis; did not initially record much-need water allocations to reserve lands Water license issuing not in-line with ecological concerns, can be over-issued Based on “use” of water, without consideration to Indigenous long-term practices, or long term impacts of failure to protect water “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Impacts of Colonialism

16. Water Act falsely asserted provincial jurisdiction to permit and regulate all uses of water in BC, except for reserve lands The Supreme Court now recognizes that if Aboriginal Title has not been addressed (most of BC) then the province cannot assert jurisdiction Inherent problem: province regulating an area of Aboriginal Title and Rights concern “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Impacts of Colonialism

17. Updating how water is managed and regulated in BC is an exciting opportunity for First Nations if adequate consultation and accommodation Agree that Water Act (1909) out of date Indigenous Rights to Water are becoming increasingly recognized through Indigenous declarations, court decisions, and international instruments “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Current Context: Threats and Opportunities

18. Threats: Water continues to be managed to the exclusion of Indigenous Rights to water Water Act modernization proceeds without adequate consultation and accommodation with each and every First Nation Third party interests are granted or expanded, then such economic interests protected at expense of Aboriginal Title and Rights (e.g. approval of mines on land under Title claim that impact clean water) “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Current Context: Threats and Opportunities

19. Threats (cont.): water continues to be managed without the benefit of Indigenous water knowledge TEK sustained our waters for millennia Significant resource capacity development must be adequately funded in First Nations’ communities Must be recognition that TEK involves water governance and addressing Indigenous Rights to Water “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Current Context: Threats and Opportunities

20. In 2005, Indigenous leaders in BC on behalf of all First Nations entered into a New Relationship with province Common vision of systemic changes Commitment to joint implementation of policy to acknowledge Aboriginal Title and Rights http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/newrelationship/down/new_relationship.pdf “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Current Context: Threats and Opportunities

21. Opportunities: Start implementing New Relationship in current update to how water is managed (Water Act modernization). Means: BC would acknowledge, recognize and address Indigenous Nations’ jurisdiction at every level BC would work with each and every First Nation in province “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Current Context: Threats and Opportunities

22. BC Water Science Symposium Discussion Paper acknowledges: “First Nations people have a strong cultural and spiritual relationship with water. Legally water is an area of Aboriginal Title, Rights, and Treaty Rights concern. The courts have recognized Aboriginal Title continues to exist unless a Nation cedes this to the federal government.” “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 BC Water Science Strategy from a First Nations Perspective

23. First Nations recognize the need to combine different forms of knowledge in order to protect our waters and all of the animals that depend on clean water to survive A sound BC Water Science Strategy must address Indigenous jurisdiction over water resources in BC First Nations are involved in all aspects of a Water Science Strategy, and are holders of TEK, scientists, policy makers and end-users “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 BC Water Science Strategy from a First Nations Perspective

24. Who will author, edit and approve a BC Water Science Strategy? How will each and every First Nation be involved? Will First Nations be adequately funded to participate in development of the Strategy? Who will use a BC Water Science Strategy, and what will it be used for? “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 BC Water Science Strategy from a First Nations Perspective

25. “Our relationship with our lands, territories and water is the fundamental physical, cultural, and spiritual basis for our existence. This relationship to our Mother Earth requires us to conserve our freshwaters and oceans for the survival of present and future generations. We assert our role as caretakers with rights and responsibilities to defend and ensure the protection, availability, and purity of water. We stand united to follow and implement our knowledge and traditional laws and exercise our right of self-determination to preserve water and to preserve life.” (Simpcw Water Declaration) “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Conclusion

26. For further information, contact Chief Keith Matthew (Simpcw First Nation) Ph# (250) 672-9995 Email: reception@simpcw.com “Water is the Lifeblood of the Land": Acting upon Indigenous Knowledge of and Rights to Water Chief Keith Matthew, Simpcw, August 30, 2010 Thank you!