Other Business Structures
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There are many business structures beyond sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. These "other" structures include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Franchises allow semi-independent businesses to use a parent company's brands in exchange for royalty fees. Cooperatives are businesses composed of individuals working together for shared benefits like lower costs. Nonprofits fulfill specific goals rather than seeking profits, such as advocacy, professional development, or protecting worker rights and benefits.
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This document provides an overview of different forms of business ownership, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It describes the key characteristics of each form: sole proprietorships are owned by one individual and have unlimited liability but are easy to form; partnerships are owned by two or more individuals who share profits and liability; corporations are legally separate entities that can sell stock to raise capital but are more heavily regulated. The document also lists some advantages and disadvantages of each ownership structure and examines special types of business entities like S-corporations and LLCs.
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The document provides information about different types of businesses and how they are organized to achieve their targets. It describes:
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Sole traders are owned and run by one person, finance comes from personal savings, and the owner takes on unlimited liability but has full control. Partnerships have 2-20 owners who share capital, profits, and losses through a deed of partnership. Limited companies have a separate legal identity from owners, with shareholders electing directors to run the business and providing limited liability.
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This document discusses different types of business organizations:
1. Sole proprietorship - Owned and run by one individual who has unlimited liability but full control. Low start-up costs but income is taxed personally.
2. Partnership - Owned and run by two or more individuals who share profits/losses. Types include general, limited, and joint venture partnerships. Partners have unlimited liability but easy to form.
3. Corporation - A separate legal entity from its owners with transferable ownership. Limited liability but more regulation and expensive to organize than other structures.
4. Cooperative - Owned and controlled by members who voluntarily join to achieve a common social or economic goal. Democratic control
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The document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, franchises, cooperatives, and non-profits. Sole proprietorships are owned and managed by one individual and make up about 6% of businesses in the US. Partnerships are owned by two or more individuals who share responsibility and liability. Corporations are legally separate entities from their owners and can sell ownership shares to raise capital.
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The document discusses different types of business ownership structures including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, cooperatives, and franchises. Sole proprietorships are owned and operated by one person who assumes all risks and responsibilities. Partnerships involve two or more co-owners who share profits, losses, and responsibilities. Corporations separate ownership from control, provide limited liability, and can raise funds more easily but have more complex structures. Cooperatives are owned and operated by members who share costs and profits. Franchises allow franchisees to use an existing business name but require following the franchisor's rules.
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This document compares and contrasts different forms of business ownership including partnerships, sole proprietorships, limited liability companies, and S corporations. It outlines the key advantages and disadvantages of each type of ownership. For example, it notes that partnerships have no income tax but partners are responsible for each other, while sole proprietorships give the owner all profits but the business could end with the owner's death. The document also provides tips for getting involved in global business such as extending product sales internationally or learning to compete with foreign companies.
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The document discusses different types of business ownership structures including franchising, starting your own business, and legal forms of business. It describes franchising agreements and costs. It outlines advantages and disadvantages of starting your own business. Finally, it defines sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations as the three main legal forms of business ownership and provides brief descriptions of each.
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The document compares five forms of business ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, cooperative, and franchise. For each form:
Sole proprietorships have unlimited liability but the owner makes all decisions and keeps all profits. Partnerships share responsibilities and profits but also have unlimited liability and potential conflicts. Corporations can accumulate large capital but face taxes and more regulations. Cooperatives are owned by members who receive discounts and refunds but decisions are made as a group. Franchises provide training and marketing but franchisees pay high fees and have limited products.
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When forming a business one of the first decisions an entrepreneur will make is choice of entity. This session will cover the possible legal structures for your business activities, including the advantages and disadvantages of each type of entity in terms of limited liability, management of the business, employee compensation and tax matters. Learn the basics of Corporate Formation and understand the pros and cons of incorporating in Michigan and Delaware.
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This document discusses different types of business structures including sole traders, partnerships, and limited companies.
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The document discusses the major forms of business ownership including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, S-corporations, and limited liability companies. For each form of ownership, it covers characteristics like liability, tax implications, control structure, and costs. Choosing the best structure depends on an entrepreneur's goals, capital needs, and tolerance for risk. The key is understanding how each form matches their specific business and personal circumstances.
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2. Partnership - Owned and run by two or more individuals who share profits/losses. Types include general, limited, and joint venture partnerships. Partners have unlimited liability but easy to form.
3. Corporation - A separate legal entity from its owners with transferable ownership. Limited liability but more regulation and expensive to organize than other structures.
4. Cooperative - Owned and controlled by members who voluntarily join to achieve a common social or economic goal. Democratic control
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19. Raising Capital
Overview:
This week readings introduce corporate finance and different forms of business organizations. The major organizations are sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, and corporations. The advantages and disadvantages of the business organizations are discussed. Sole proprietorship is a type of business owned by one person. The owner makes all the financial decisions and takes all the profits. However, sole proprietorship has unlimited liability and can be held responsible for business debts and obligations. Partnerships can enjoy limited liability but at least one partner must be a general partner, who will be responsible for business debts and obligations. Public corporations have shareholders who invest capital into the business. Corporation can raise huge amount of capital through the sale of stocks in the financial market. Also, corporations enjoy limited liability and unlimited life. We will learn the importance of financial statement analysis and how to compute financial ratios and operating cash flows. Financial managers review and analyze financial statements periodically to uncover financial problems and to assess the business’s progress towards achieving its goals. Ratio analysis enables potential investors to evaluate the firm’s financial performance and the potential for growth. Entrepreneurs with business ideas generally seek long-term capital from various sources including angel investors, venture capital firms, crowdfunding, initial coin offerings, and initial public offering depending on the stage of financing required. Financial planning modeling is used to prepare projected financial statements usually when external funds are needed.
Learning Objectives:
Define corporate finance.
Identify the three main areas of concern for financial management.
Compare various forms of business organizations.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each form of business organization.
Discuss the importance of cash flows to business organizations.
Understand financial statement analysis and financial models.
Compute and explain financial ratios.
Understand the various ways of raising long-term capital for startup businesses.
Assignment 1:
1. BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
Jaffe Desk and Jordan Reilly just graduated from UC with a master’s degree in marketing and public health. They want to establish healthcare business that will source and distribute pharmaceutical products in the United States and internationally. Jaffe and Jordan know that before they can invest their time and other resources in the project, they must obtain financing, which means that they must raise money to pay for the investment cost and other operating expenses. Because the company might not be listed in any capital market rig.
Types of Business Organization.ppt
To choose the optimal business structure, entrepreneurs should consider factors like legal liability, taxation, costs, flexibility, and future needs. The main types of business entities include sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and non-profits. Sole proprietorships have unlimited liability but easy formation, while partnerships have two or more owners but all partners have unlimited liability. Corporations may have many shareholders but offer limited liability, though they have higher formation costs and ongoing regulatory requirements. Non-profits are formed to serve a social purpose rather than generate profit. The best structure depends on an entrepreneur's individual circumstances and goals for their business.
Business Structure, Nature and Models.pptx
This document discusses different types of business structures, the nature of businesses, and common business models. It describes sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies, corporations, and cooperatives as the main business structures. The nature of businesses can include merchandising, services, agriculture, manufacturing, and hybrid models. Common business models mentioned are manufacturer, distributor, retailer, franchise, bricks and mortar, e-commerce, bricks and clicks, freemium to premium, subscription/membership, dropshipping, network marketing, and crowdsourcing.
Empowered franchisee
This document discusses empowering franchisees within franchisor organizations. It explores the tensions between giving franchisees autonomy through their independent business units while still maintaining brand standardization and control from the franchisor. Empowering franchisees can provide benefits like local responsiveness but can be limited by the franchisor's operating systems and procedures. The degree to which individual franchisees feel empowered depends on factors like their expectations of performance, impact, and choice, as well as the selection and support provided by the franchisor organization. While franchising aims to empower franchisees through business ownership, tensions inevitably exist between perceived independence and the real controls exerted by the franchisor.
Job opportunities visit one of your favorite job search engines.
The document discusses competitive advantage and strategies for gaining and sustaining it. It defines competitive advantage as offering greater value than competitors through lower costs or additional benefits. It outlines Michael Porter's framework for competitive advantage, including cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies. Organizations can gain competitive advantage through lowering costs, differentiating their products or services, or focusing on specific markets or customer groups. Resources, capabilities, and core competencies also contribute to competitive advantage.
The Structure of organizations
The Structure of Organizations , in this we will learn what is company , organization and legal forms of organization , Management of an organization
What is affiliate marketing
Affiliate marketing involves companies partnering with affiliates to promote and sell their products or services. Affiliates use tactics like banner ads, newsletters, and blog posts to persuade their audiences to make purchases from the company. Affiliates are rewarded with commissions for each sale or action generated. Affiliate marketing is a pay-for-performance model where brands only pay affiliates for successful outcomes like completed sales. Networks connect brands to affiliates and track traffic and transactions to facilitate the affiliate relationship.
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Value added professional opportunities for chartered accountants
Value added professional opportunities for chartered accountants
Here are the top 10 frequently asked questions (FAQ) related to business.pdf
Here are the top 10 frequently asked questions (FAQ) related to business.pdf
Business ethics forms of business organizations abm specialized subject
Business ethics forms of business organizations abm specialized subject
Assigned ReadingsChapter 1. Introduction to Corporate Finance C.docx
Assigned ReadingsChapter 1. Introduction to Corporate Finance C.docx
Job opportunities visit one of your favorite job search engines.
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American revolution
The American Revolution began with protests against British taxes and control over the colonies. The First Continental Congress organized resistance efforts through economic boycotts. Armed conflict broke out at Lexington and Concord in 1775, starting the war. Key battles like Bunker Hill showed the colonists could stand up to the British. The Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776. Though the British had more resources, the colonists prevailed through resilience and the entry of France as an ally in 1778. The war ended with the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781 and recognition of American independence in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
What do stock indexes show?
Stock market performance can indicate the overall health of an economy. When stock values are rising collectively, it is considered a bull market, while falling stock values represent a bear market. Common stock indexes like the Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500 track the performance of large groups of companies to gauge national economic trends.
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Other financial assets include stocks, money market mutual funds, and certificates of deposit. Stocks represent ownership in a company, money market mutual funds invest in short-term assets but are not FDIC insured, and certificates of deposit are bank deposits for a fixed time period at a higher interest rate. Financial assets are traded on capital markets, which involve assets that mature in over a year, or money markets, which involve assets that mature in under a year. They can also be traded on primary markets, where only the original holder can redeem the asset, or secondary markets, where the asset can be resold.
Bonds Defined and Catagorized
Bonds are loans given to governments or corporations. They have a par value (principal/face value), a maturity date when the principal will be repaid, and a coupon rate that is the interest paid annually. Bonds are rated based on risk from AAA (safest) to D (riskiest), with higher ratings receiving lower interest rates due to lower risk. Bonds can be resold before maturity, sometimes at a discount if interest rates have changed. Bonds benefit issuers by providing guaranteed interest payments and not imparting ownership, but also legally obligate coupon and principal payments regardless of economic conditions. Main types of bonds include savings bonds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, treasury bonds, and high yield "
Investing and the Financial System
The financial system allows savers to provide money to borrowers through financial institutions like banks. Savers deposit money in savings accounts or invest in assets, and banks use this money to issue loans to businesses and individuals. Borrowers use the loans to make purchases or investments and pay interest to the bank. The bank then shares some of its profits with savers in the form of interest to incentivize saving. When making financial decisions, savers must consider the tradeoff between return, liquidity, and risk - higher potential returns generally come with higher risks.
Forms and Functions of Modern Banking
The document discusses modern banking, including measuring the money supply, functions of financial institutions, and e-banking. It defines the M1 and M2 money supplies and explains the functions of storing money, saving money, loans, mortgages, and credit cards. It also discusses interest, the role of banks in earning profits, and modern electronic banking methods like ATMs, debit cards, online banking, automatic bill pay, and stored value cards.
Uses and Characteristics of Money
Money serves three main purposes: as a medium of exchange to facilitate trade beyond bartering, as a unit of account to compare the values of different goods and services, and as a store of value to maintain purchasing power over time. To be considered money, an item must have six key characteristics - it must be durable, portable, divisible, uniform, have a limited supply, and be widely acceptable for transactions.
Wages and Skill Level
Wages are determined by the laws of supply and demand in the labor market. The demand for workers and their wages is set by the competition between companies needing employees, while the supply of workers depends on the number willing to work a given job for the offered compensation. A key factor in wages is the skill level required - jobs are categorized as unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled, or professional labor depending on the specialized skills and training needed, and typically require higher compensation as skill levels increase.
Multinationals and Conglomerates
There are three main types of corporate expansions discussed in the document: mergers, multinationals, and conglomerates. Mergers can be horizontal between competitors, vertical between different production stages, or form conglomerates between unrelated businesses. Conglomerates allow businesses to diversify across industries to increase profits and reduce risks. Multinationals are the world's largest corporations that operate across multiple countries, facilitating technology spread but also wielding large influence that can enable corruption.
Sole Proprietorships
A sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one individual who receives all profits and is responsible for all debts. It is the most common business structure in the US. Sole proprietorships are easy to create and dissolve but the owner faces unlimited liability and responsibility. While the owner has full control, sole proprietorships have limited resources and lack long-term security compared to other business structures.
Government Intervention in Markets
The document discusses three key roles of government in markets: anti-trust regulation, merger regulation, and deregulation. Anti-trust regulation aims to break up monopolies into smaller competitors to decrease prices. Merger regulation evaluates proposed mergers to prevent monopolies and protect consumer prices through competition. Deregulation removes obsolete or inhibitive regulations as industries evolve over time to promote economic growth and competition.
Monopolistic Competition Defined
Monopolistic competition is a market structure with multiple producers making similar but not identical products. While the goods are substitutes for each other, producers have limited control over price and must engage in non-price competition around factors like location, quality, and branding in order to differentiate their goods and attract consumers. Under monopolistic competition, multiple monopolies coexist producing differentiated goods, where consumers can choose between close substitutes.
Monopolies Defined
A monopoly is a market structure where only one producer exists for a specific good or service due to barriers to entry that prevent new producers from competing. There are two main types of monopolies: natural monopolies, which occur when a single large producer is more efficient, and governmental monopolies, which are created through regulations that intentionally or unintentionally limit competition, such as licenses, patents, and franchises.
Perfect Competition Defined
Perfect competition requires multiple participants, identical products, free information sharing, and easy market entry and exit. It is rare in practice as most markets have some level of government intervention or specialization, violating one of the key characteristics. The characteristics include many producers and consumers, commoditized goods where quality and features are identical, all participants having access to the same information on prices and availability, and easy ability for producers to start or leave production.
Price and Equilibrium
Price and equilibrium are determined by the interaction of supply and demand. At equilibrium, the quantity suppliers are willing to provide equals the quantity demanded by consumers at a price they are both willing to accept. Disequilibrium can occur if there is excess supply, when the price is too high for consumers, or excess demand, when the price is too low for suppliers. Prices then adjust until a new equilibrium is reached that balances supply and demand.
Elasticity of Demand
Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. It is calculated by finding the percentage changes in quantity and price and taking the ratio. An elasticity over 1 means demand is elastic and sensitive to price, under 1 means inelastic demand not sensitive to price, and exactly 1 means unitary elastic demand where quantity and price move proportionately. Demand for necessities tends to be inelastic while luxuries have elastic demand more impacted by price changes.
Factors Affecting Demand
The document discusses factors that can affect demand beyond just price. These factors include consumer income, expectations, population change, and tastes/trends. Changes in these non-price factors do not cause movement along the demand curve, but instead shift the entire demand curve, either to the right if demand increases or to the left if demand decreases. Examples are given for how each factor can impact demand for certain goods.
Demand Defined
Demand is defined as the willingness and ability of consumers to purchase varying quantities of a good at different price points within a given time period. The law of demand states that as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. The law of demand is driven by two factors: the income effect, where consumers purchase less of a good when its price rises due to limited resources, and the substitution effect, where consumers substitute a good for similar alternatives when the initial good's price increases.
Production Costs
Production costs are made up of fixed costs, which do not change such as facility and equipment maintenance costs, and variable costs, which do change depending on production levels such as raw material and labor costs. Together, fixed and variable costs make up a producer's total costs, with fixed costs still being incurred even if production is shutdown temporarily but variable costs adjusting based on production quantity.
Marginal Product of Labor
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