There are three main forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one person and have unlimited liability but are easy to start. Partnerships are owned by multiple people who share risks, rewards, and unlimited liability. Corporations are owned by shareholders, have limited liability, but more legal requirements. Other options include franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofits. Businesses can also be classified by their activities such as producers, processors, manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, and service providers.

1. pp. 84-97 Chapter 6 Business Ownership and Operations

2. Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to: Name the three forms of business ownership. Compare the types of ownership. Describe alternative ways to do business. Identify the different types of businesses.

3. Why It’s Important You need to understand business ownerships and operations before starting a business.

4. Key Words sole proprietorship unlimited liability partnership corporation stock limited liability franchise nonprofit organization cooperative producer processors manufacturers intermediary wholesaler retailer

5. Types of Business Ownership The three different ways you can own a business are: Sole proprietorship Partnership Incorporation

6. Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a business owned by only one person. ADVANTAGES It’s easy to start You get to be your own boss You get to keep all the profits The taxes are usually low DISADVANTAGES You might have to use your personal savings or borrow money from the bank You might lack business skills You have to pay for everything yourself

7. Sole Proprietorship A serious disadvantage to owning a sole proprietorship is that you have unlimited liability , or full responsibility for your company’s debts.

8. Partnership A partnership is a business owned by two or more persons who share the risks and rewards. To start a partnership you need to draw up a partnership agreement, which is a contract that outlines the rights and responsibilities of each partner.

9. Partnership ADVANTAGES You might need only a license to start and have to pay taxes only on your personal profits. Each of your partners can contribute money to start the business. Banks are often more willing to lend money to partnerships than sole proprietorships. Your partners can bring different skills to the business.

10. Partnership DISADVANTAGES You not only share the risks with your partners, you also share the profits. You might not get along with your partners. You share unlimited legal and financial liability with your partners.

11. Graphic Organizer Similarities and Differences Between Partnerships and Sole Proprietorships Increased diversity of experience Shared losses Combined funds Both Pride in owning and running business Easy to set up Low taxes Unlimited liability for debts Huge time demands Quicker decision- making Owner keeps all profits Owner is own boss Relatively easy to get credit Partnerships Sole Proprietorships Shared decision- making

12. Growing a business What are the advantages and disadvantages of “going solo” in a business venture? How can having a partner help launch and grow a business? Are there any drawbacks?

13. Making an Ethical Decision Are you obligated to invite a person into a partnership if that person was involved in inventing a product you want to sell? What if that person decided to start the business without you?

14. Corporation A corporation is a business owned by many people but treated by law as one person. To form a corporation, you need to get a corporate charter from the state your headquarters is in.

15. Corporation To raise money, you can sell stock , or shares of ownership in your corporation. For each share of common stock, the stockholder gets a share of the profits and a vote on how the business is run. You also must have a board of directors who control the corporation.

16. Corporation A major advantage of a corporation is its limited liability . If your company loses money, the stockholders lose only what they invested. Another advantage is that the corporation doesn’t end if the owners sell their shares.

17. Corporation A disadvantage of a corporation is that you often have to pay more taxes.

18. Corporation The government closely regulates corporations. It is more difficult to start a corporation than a sole proprietorship or a partnership and running a corporation can be much more complicated.

19. Figure 6.1 GENERATIONS OF FAMILY-OWNED BUSINESSES Family-owned businesses are sometimes kept in the family for more than one generation. 4. What percentage of families have had their family-owned businesses for two or more generations?

20. Fast Review 5. What are some of the advantages of a sole proprietorship? What is the difference between a sole proprietorship and a partnership? 7. If a partner makes a bad business decision, what responsibility do the other partners have? 8. What are the disadvantages of a corporation?

21. Alternative Ways to Do Business Franchises, cooperatives, and nonprofit organizations offer you other ways to do business.

22. Franchise A franchise is a contractual agreement to sell a company’s products or services in a designated geographic area. To run a franchise you have to invest money and pay the franchisor an annual fee or a share of the profits. In return, the franchisor offers a well-known name and a business plan.

23. Franchise You can operate a franchise yourself, as a sole proprietor, as a partnership with someone else, or even as a corporation.

24. Franchise An advantage of opening a franchise is that it’s easy to start. The name of the parent company can be a big draw for customers. The disadvantage of running a franchise is that the franchisor is often very strict about how the business is run.

25. Nonprofit Organization A nonprofit organization is a type of business that focuses on providing a service rather than making a profit. Like a corporation, a nonprofit organization has to register with the government and might be run by a board of directors.

26. Nonprofit Organization Because it doesn’t make a profit, a nonprofit organization doesn’t have to pay taxes. Donors don’t receive dividends like investors, but they can deduct their donations from their taxes.

27. Cooperative A cooperative is an organization owned and operated by its members for the purpose of saving money on the purchase of certain goods and services.

28. Cooperative A cooperative is like a corporation in that it exists as a separate entity from the individual businesses. A cooperative can sell stock and choose a board of directors to run it. Cooperatives pay less in taxes than regular corporations do. Cooperatives can save money by buying insurance, supplies, and advertising as a group.

29. Fast Review 9. What are some examples of franchise businesses? 10. What types of assistance does the franchisor give a franchisee? 11. How is a nonprofit organization like and unlike a corporation? 12. What are some advantages of a cooperative?

30. Compaq Computers and Cisco Systems don’t build their own products anymore. These companies rely on Flextronics, a company that specializes in manufacturing electronics, to build their equipment. continued Manufacturing Products

31. This allows Compaq and Cisco to focus on creating new products. Flextronics has grown into a global contractor that produces $10.5 billion a year in electronic gizmos. continued Manufacturing Products

32. 13. What do Compaq Computers and Cisco Systems give up when they rely on an outside manufacturer? Analyze

33. Types of Businesses One way to classify businesses is to group them by the kind of products they provide: Producing raw goods Processing raw goods Manufacturing goods from raw or processed goods Distributing goods Providing services

34. Producers A producer is a business that gathers raw products in their natural state. Raw goods are materials gathered in their original state from natural resources such as land and water.

35. Processors Processors change raw materials into more finished products. Processed goods are made from raw goods and may require further processing.

36. Manufacturers Manufacturers are businesses that make finished products out of processed goods. The finished products need no further processing and are ready for market.

37. Intermediaries An intermediary is a business that moves goods from one business to another. It buys goods, stores them, and then resells them. A wholesaler , also known as a distributor, distributes goods.

38. Intermediaries Wholesalers buy goods from manufacturers in huge quantities and resell them in smaller quantities to their customers, usually other companies. A retailer purchases goods from a wholesaler and resells them to the consumer, or the final buyer of the goods.

39. Service Businesses Service businesses provide services rather than goods. Services are the products of a skill or an activity, such as hairstyling and car repair. Some service businesses meet needs, such as medical clinics and law firms. Some provide conveniences, such as taxi companies and copy shops.

40. Fast Review 14. What is the difference between a producer and a processor? 15. Describe the activities performed by businesses. 16. What does an intermediary do? 17. Give examples of service businesses.

41. 18. What’s the aim of joining forces and starting an organization? 19. What’s the benefit of going into business for yourself? 20. Can a business have a contractual agreement with its customers?

42. pp. 84-97 End of Chapter 6 Business Ownership and Operations