This document discusses different types of business organizations and ownership structures. It begins by defining what a business is and its main objectives of generating profit and wealth for owners. The main forms of business ownership discussed are sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It then provides more details on each of these structures, including their characteristics around ownership, liability, taxation and control. The document also briefly covers cooperatives, holding companies, franchising and joint ventures as other common forms of business organization.
Types of various business Organizations, includes Sole Proprietor, Partnership, Societies, Joint Stock Companies, Hindu Undivided Family Business in India
Types of various business Organizations, includes Sole Proprietor, Partnership, Societies, Joint Stock Companies, Hindu Undivided Family Business in India
Several forms of Business Organisations and their functionality, advantages & disadvantages.
Namely Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporations and LLC.
Unit 2 Part 2 (BBA 104: Business Organisation) according to the syllabus of Kanpur University, Kanpur.
This is the first module in the Canadian Small Business Course.
In this module, we examine the forms of organization that a business can take in Canada. Well look at proprietorships, partnerships and corporations.
We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each form, along with the tax filing requirements for each. Also reviewed are the tax planning opportunities that are available under each form. Most importantly, we go over the decision process that you should go through when choosing the proper method.
This presentation will help you to:
• explain the concept of business organisation;
• state the meaning and characteristics of Sole Proprietorship and Joint Hindu Family Business
• identify the merits and limitations of these forms of business organisation;
• describe the suitability of these forms of business organisation; and
• explain the steps in the formation of these business organisation.
Several forms of Business Organisations and their functionality, advantages & disadvantages.
Namely Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporations and LLC.
Unit 2 Part 2 (BBA 104: Business Organisation) according to the syllabus of Kanpur University, Kanpur.
This is the first module in the Canadian Small Business Course.
In this module, we examine the forms of organization that a business can take in Canada. Well look at proprietorships, partnerships and corporations.
We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each form, along with the tax filing requirements for each. Also reviewed are the tax planning opportunities that are available under each form. Most importantly, we go over the decision process that you should go through when choosing the proper method.
This presentation will help you to:
• explain the concept of business organisation;
• state the meaning and characteristics of Sole Proprietorship and Joint Hindu Family Business
• identify the merits and limitations of these forms of business organisation;
• describe the suitability of these forms of business organisation; and
• explain the steps in the formation of these business organisation.
Discussion of Basic Forms of Business Organization. (Owbership)
Organization → represents a group of people who work together for the achievement of common objective
27C H A P T E R2THE FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENTLearning .docxvickeryr87
27
C H A P T E R
2THE FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, readers will be able to
• Describe the alternative forms of business organization and ownership.
• Explain why taxes are important to healthcare finance.
• Briefly describe the third-party-payer system.
• Explain the different types of payment methods used by payers.
• Describe the incentives created by the different payment methods and
their impact on provider risk.
• Explain the importance and types of medical coding.
• Briefly describe the purpose and key features of healthcare reform.
Introduction
Fortunately, most of the basic concepts of healthcare finance are independent of
the specific industry (for example, hospital versus long-term care versus medi-
cal practice) and organizational setting. However, some aspects of healthcare
finance are influenced by industry setting, while the unique ownership structure
of healthcare providers influences specific applications of finance concepts. In
this chapter, some background material is presented that creates the context in
which finance is practiced in health services organizations.
The fact that many healthcare businesses are organized as not-for-
profit corporations has a significant impact on the practice of finance. Thus,
the chapter begins with a discussion of alternative forms of business organiza-
tion and ownership. Because ownership affects taxes, tax laws also are briefly
introduced. The chapter continues with a discussion of third-party payers, the
reimbursement methods that they use, and the implications of alternative re-
imbursement methods for provider behavior. The final sections cover medical
coding and healthcare reform.
Alternative Forms of Business Organization
Throughout this book, the focus is on business finance—that is, the practice of
accounting and financial management within business organizations. There are
three primary forms of business organization: proprietorship, partnership, and
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AN: 516239 ; Gapenski, Louis C..; Healthcare Finance : An Introduction to Accounting and Financial Management
Account: ns019078.main.eds
H e a l t h c a r e F i n a n c e28
corporation. In addition, there are several hybrid forms. Because most health
services managers work for corporations and because not-for-profit businesses
are organized as corporations, this form of organization is emphasized. How-
ever, many individual medical practices are organized as proprietorships, and
partnerships and hybrid forms are common in group practices and joint ven-
tures,.
Introduction to business finance by Ayesha Noor Ayesha Noor
Here is an introduction to what business finance is and what are the roles and responsibilities of financial manager. Includes various other business related terms.
The Global Social Impact Investment Steering Group (GSG) was established in August 2015 as the successor to the Social Impact Investment Taskforce, established by G8. The GSG is continuing the work of the Taskforce in catalysing a global social impact investment market across a wider membership. Its members include 13 countries plus the EU, as well as active observers from government and from leading network organisations supportive of impact investment.
Across the world, attitudes are changing. Old certainties about tightly defined roles for government, civil society and business are dissolving. Social sector organisations are becoming more business-like, and business is looking ever more to delivering sustainable value.
A commercial organization that operates on a for-profit basis and participates in selling goods or services to consumers. The management of a business firm will typically develop a set of organizational objectives and a strategy for meeting those goals to help employees understand where the company is headed and how it intends to get there.
such as a corporation, limited liability company or partnership, that sells goods or services to make a profit. While most firms have just one location, a single firm can consist of one or more establishments, as long as they fall under the same ownership and, typically utilize the same Employer Identification Number.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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1. Business organisations
A business (also called a company, enterprise
or firm) is a legally recognized organization
designed to provide goods and/or services to
consumers.
Businesses are predominant in capitalist
economies, most being privately owned and
formed to earn profit that will increase the
wealth of its owners and grow the business
itself.
2. The owners and operators of a business
have as one of their main objectives the
receipt or generation of a financial return
in exchange for work and acceptance of
risk.
Notable exceptions include cooperative
enterprises and state-owned enterprises.
Businesses can also be formed not-for-profit
or be state-owned.
3.
4. Basic forms of ownership
Although forms of business ownership vary
by jurisdiction, there are several common
forms:
Sole proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
Cooperative
5. Sole proprietorship
A sole proprietorship also known as a sole trader, or
simply proprietorship is a type of business entity
which is owned and run by one individual and where
there is no legal distinction between the owner and the
business.
All profits and all losses accrue to the owner (subject to
taxation).
All assets of the business are owned by the proprietor
and all debts of the business are their debts and they
must pay them from their personal resources.
6. This means that the owner has unlimited
liability. It is a "sole" proprietorship in the
sense that the owner has no partners
(partnership).
A sole proprietor may do business with a
trade name other than his or her legal
name.
This also allows the proprietor to open a
business account with banking institutions.
7. Partnership
A partnership is a type of business entity in
which partners (owners) share with each other
the profits or losses of the business.
Partnerships are often favoured over
corporations for taxation purposes, as the
partnership structure does not generally incur a
tax on profits before it is distributed to the
partners (i.e. there is no dividend tax levied).
8. However, depending on the partnership
structure and the jurisdiction in which it
operates, owners of a partnership may be
exposed to greater personal liability than
they would as a shareholder of a
corporation.
9. Corporation
A corporation is a legal entity separate from the
shareholders and employees.
In British tradition it is the term designating a
body corporate, where it can be either a
corporation sole (an office held by an individual
natural person, which is a legal entity separate
from that person) or a corporation aggregate
(involving more persons).
In American and, increasingly, international
usage, the term denotes a body corporate
formed to conduct business.
10. Corporations exist as a product of corporate law,
and their rules balance the interests of the
management who operate the corporation;
creditors who loan it goods, services or money;
shareholders, typically in the secondary market,
who hold shares related to the original
investment of capital; the employees who
contribute their labour; and the clients they
serve.
People work together in corporations to produce
value and generate income.
11. In modern times, corporations have become
an increasingly dominant part of economic
life.
People rely on corporations for employment,
for their goods and services, for the value
of the pensions, for economic growth and
cultural development.
12. The six largest businesses of the world
in 2005 by revenue in millions of dollars
13. Cooperative
A cooperative often referred to as a co-op or
coop) is defined by the International Cooperative Alliance’s Statement on the Cooperative Identity as an autonomous
association of persons united voluntarily to
meet their common economic, social, and
cultural needs and aspirations through a jointlyowned and democratically-controlled
enterprise.
14. It is a business organization owned and operated
by a group of individuals for their mutual benefit.
A cooperative may also be defined as a business
owned and controlled equally by the people who
use its services or who work at it.
Cooperative enterprises are the focus of study in
the field of cooperative economics.
16. Holding company
A holding company is a company or firm that
owns other companies' outstanding stock.
It usually refers to a company which does not
produce goods or services itself, rather its only
purpose is owning shares of other companies.
Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for
the owners and can allow the ownership and
control of a number of different companies.
17. Economic democracy
Economic democracy is a socioeconomic
philosophy that suggests transfer of decisionmaking authority from a small minority of
corporate shareholders to the larger majority of
public stakeholders.
While there is no single definition or approach, all
theories and real-world examples of economic
democracy are based on a core set of
fundamental assumptions.
18. Proponents generally agree that modern economic
conditions tend to hinder or prevent society from
earning enough income to purchase its output
production.
Centralized corporate monopoly of common
resources typically forces conditions of artificial
scarcity upon the greater majority, resulting in
socio-economic imbalances that restrict workers
from access to economic opportunity and
diminish consumer purchasing power.
19. Franchising
Franchising is the practice of using another
person's business model.
The franchisor grants the independent operator
the right to distribute its products, techniques,
and trademarks for a percentage of gross
monthly sales and a royalty fee.
20. Various tangibles and intangibles such as
national or international advertising,
training, and other support services are
commonly made available by the
franchisor.
Agreements typically last from five to thirty
years, with premature cancellations or
terminations of most contracts bearing
serious consequences for franchisees.
21. Franchising has been around for many centuries
but did not come to prominence until the 1930s
in the United States, when the establishment of
electricity, vehicles, and, in the 1950s, the
Interstate Highway system helped propel
modern franchising, most notably franchisebased food service establishments.
According to the International Franchise
Association approximately 4% of all businesses
in the United States are franchises.
22. Joint venture
A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity
formed between two or more parties to undertake
economic activity together.
The parties agree to create a new entity by both
contributing equity, and they then share in the
revenues, expenses, and control of the enterprise.
The venture can be for one specific project only, or a
continuing business relationship such as the Fuji
Xerox joint venture.
23. This is in contrast to a strategic alliance, which
involves no equity stake by the participants,
and is a much less rigid arrangement.
The phrase generally refers to the purpose of the
entity and not to a type of entity.
Therefore, a joint venture may be a corporation,
limited liability company, partnership or
other legal structure, depending on a number of
considerations such as tax and civil liabilities.
25. Internal reasons
Build on company's strengths
Spreading costs and risks
Improving access to financial resources
Economies of scale and advantages of size
Access to new technologies and customers
Access to innovative managerial practices
26. Competitive goals
Influencing structural evolution of the
industry
Pre-empting competition
Defensive response to blurring industry
boundaries
Creation of stronger competitive units
Speed to market
Improved agility
28. Reasons for dissolving a joint
venture
Aims of original venture met
Aims of original venture not met
Either or both parties develop new goals
Either or both parties no longer agree with joint
venture aims
Time agreed for joint venture has expired
Legal or financial issues
Evolving market conditions mean that joint venture is
no longer appropriate or relevant
29. organisation - how businesses
organise themselves
All businesses are organised into groups of people.
This is so the employees can be organised and
controlled to make sure the necessary work is one
efficiently.
These groups have managers responsible for them.
There are different ways of organising the business into
groups, and each way has its advantages and
disadvantages.
30. There are additional benefits of organising people
into groups, such as making it clearer how
communications should be organised.
The development of team-spirit also usually
improves motivation and productivity.
32. Comments on this method of
organisation:
1. Specialisation by function is more efficient. Employees
get experienced in and competent at one particular
job.
2. Accountability is clear i.e. whose responsibility is it to
do what.
3. Clarity is improved i.e. it is clear who does what.
4. Communication is weakened by a lack of
communication across and between functions. HRM
may be doing things Marketing need to know about.
33. 5.
Inertia may set in where departments become overfocussed on their own agendas and lose sight of the
overall business objectives. In extreme case the
team-spirit may degenerate into tribalism where
departments are ‘at war’ with each other and are
more concerned with ‘winning’ this war than
attending to the overall business objectives.
6.
This system can become overly bureaucratic where
flexibility is lost because things have to be done ‘by
the book’.
7.
This system may not be suitable for large
businesses with many different markets and/or
products.
35. Comments on this method of
organisation:
1.
This structure gives focus on individual products, which may
be especially appropriate if different products have different
problems and concerns. The issue of focus is important
because it determines the priorities people will have, and the
way they think about those priorities.
2.
Each group can be run as a separate profit centre. This way,
healthy competition and rivalry can develop between ‘teams’
which can help motivation and productivity. It is also flexible in
that poorly performing groups can be closed down without too
much disruption to the rest of the organisation.
36. 3.
Co-operation between teams will improve where it is
in the interests of both teams to do so.
4.
There is a danger of duplication of resource use if
each team has a Marketing department, a Finance
department and so on.
5.
Rivalry can get out of hand and become destructive.
6.
Individual teams can get out of overall management
control, especially if headed by a very ambitious
person.
38. Comments on this method of
organisation:
1.
Better response to and focus on local customer needs.
2.
Better communication within the locally-based department.
3.
Rivalry between departments.
4.
Duplication of resource use.
5.
Conflict and lack of co-operation between departments.
40. Comments on this method of
organisation:
1. This method of organisation promotes focus on
customers and their different individual needs. This is
a major advantage and helps a business to become
market oriented as opposed to the previous product
oriented structure.
2. Departments can be organised by market segment
which adds to the focus on customer need.
3. It is sometimes difficult to define exactly which group
a particular customer belongs to.
41. 4. Some customer groups may be small and so
individual departments may be inefficient.
5. There will be duplication of resources.
6. Individual departments may escape from
proper overall management control.
43. Comments on this method of
organisation:
1. This structure gives focus on production
processes which may be appropriate where,
as in the example of oil, the processes are
quite different with different problems and
needs.
2. Otherwise, this is very similar to organisation
by function.
44. Conclusions on organisational
structures
All these structures have strengths and
weaknesses which a business has to think
about before choosing which one to use.
Changing that decision, and re-structuring, is
very disruptive and very expensive, so it is
better to get it right the first time.
Communications and control are key issues.
45. The question of focus is also very important, because
the structure affects the way employees think about
themselves and their own personal objectives e.g. ‘I
am an accountant’ or ‘I am a soap-team member’ or ‘I
am a driller’.
It is natural for humans to identify with a group of people
(a ‘team’) and this can be turned to the business’
advantage by acting as a motivator and helping to
raise productivity.
46. But it is also an important limiting factor.
People become very defensive and territorial
about the interests of ‘their’ team and this can
get in the way of objective problem-solving.
In the extreme, a business can disintegrate into a
bunch of warring tribes where ‘revenge’ on ‘that
lot’ overrides the business’ objectives.