nonorganic enuresis, nonorganic encopresis, stereotyped movement disorder, speech disorder, feeding disorder, pica

1. Name: Nur A’isyah Binti Idris
ID No.: 082012100068
*

2. *
*Nonorganic encopresis
*Nonorganic enuresis
*Stereotyped movement disorder
*Speech disorder
*Feeding disorder of infancy & childhood
*Pica of infancy & childhood

3. Nonorganic enuresis
*Repetitive voiding of urine, either
during day/night, at
inappropriate places
*Enuresis is diagnosed only after 5
year of age
Can be either:
*primary type
*Secondary type
Etiology:
*Exact cause not known
*Genetic factor
*Psychosocial
*Emotional disturbances
*Insecurity, sibling rivalry, death of
parents

4. *Organic cause: worm infestation,
spina bifida, neurogenic bladder,
UTI, DM, seizure disorder.
*Treatment:
*Restriction of fluid intake after 8PM
*Bladder training during daytime
*Interruption of sleep before the
expected time of bed wetting
*Conditioning device
*Supportive psychotherapy
*Pharmacotherapy: imipramine,
diazepam, anticholinergic,
amphetamines, placebos

5. Nonorganic encopresis
*Repetitive passage of faeces at
inappropriate time & place, after
bowel control is physiological possible
*Occurring after the age of 4 years
*> common in male
*Tends to remit with increasing age &
by the age of 16
*Can be either:
*Primary
*Secondary
Etiology :
*Inadequate, inconsistent toilet
training
*Sibling rivalry

6. *Maturational lag
*Emotional disturbances
*Mental retardation
*Childhood schizophrenia
*Autistic disorder
*Organic causes: fecal incontinence, hirschsprung’s disease,
overflow diarrhea with constipation, hypothyroidism, IBS,
neurological lesions.
Treatments:
*Preventive
*Toilet training
*Behavioral therapy
*Psychotherapy, imipramine

7. Stereotyped movement disorder
*Intentionally & repetitively produced but
serve no constructive or socially
acceptable function.
*Common habit disorder:
thumb sucking, nail biting,
pulling out of hair, head
banging, teeth grinding,
picking of nose, biting parts
of the body, skin-scratching,
body rocking, breath-holding,
swallowing of air
Treatment:
*Behavioral modification
*Treatment of underlying
psychopathology

8. Speech disorder
*Stuttering disorder
Characterized by:
*Disturbed fluency & rhythm of speech
*Intermittent blocking
*Repetition of words rapidly
*Prolongation of sounds
*Associated anxiety or distress

9. Dd(x): cluttering.
*Stuttering: person aware of
difficulty in speech
*Cluttering: person unaware of
abnormal speech pattern
Treatment:
*Behavior modification
technique
*Relaxation therapy, individual
therapy, group therapy.

10. Pica of infancy & childhood
*Persistent eating of non-
nutritive substances
*Most commonly in mentally
retarded children
*May also occur in children of
normal intelligence.
Factor:
Poor supervision
Mental retardation
Management
*Reinforcement of other
behavior
*SSRI
*Dentist therapy
*Iron supplement

11. Feeding disorder of infancy &
childhood
*Of varying manifestation
*Involve refusal of food & extreme
faddiness in the presence of an
adequate food supply, a reasonably
competent care giver & absence of
organic disease
*Minor difficulties in eating
*Diagnose: difficulties clearly beyond
the normal range
*Dd(x):
organic disease
Anorexia nervosa & other eating
disorder
Broader psychiatry disorder
Pica
Feeding difficulties &
mismanagement
Management:
 Feeding therapy
 Feeding tube

12. *ICD-10, page 224-226
*A short textbook of
psychiatry, Niraj ahuja,
seventh edition
*

13. *