OSI MODEL.pptx
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The document discusses the OSI model, which conceptually divides computer network architecture into 7 layers - with each layer building on the previous. It provides examples of common devices that operate at each layer. Layer 1 is the physical layer, dealing with physical connections - with examples being cables and connectors. Layer 2 is the data link layer, containing the MAC address and dealing with local network segments - with examples being Ethernet network adapters. Layer 3 is the network layer, where routers connect different networks - with routers being an example.
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Osi model
The document provides an overview of the OSI model, which defines 7 layers of abstraction for characterizing and standardizing network communication functions. It describes each of the 7 layers, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. The physical layer defines electrical specifications for devices and transmission mediums. Higher layers deal with issues like routing, congestion control, session establishment, data encoding and common application protocols. The OSI model aimed to standardize network architectures but TCP/IP is now more widely used.
1.The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model has seven layers.The mod.pdf
1.The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model has seven layers.The model partitions a
communication system into abstraction layers. The original version of the model defined seven
layers.OSI means Open Systems Interconnectionis reference model for how applications can
communicate over a network This article describes and explains them, beginning with the lowest
in the hierarchy the physical and proceeding to the highest the application. The layers are stay in
this way:
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
features osi model:
If network communications need to happen with out any trouble, many problems must be
solved. Coordinating all these problems are so complex and not easy to manage.
Big picture of communication over network is understandable through this OSI model.
We can understand new technologies as they are developed.
Troubleshooting is easier by separate network.
2.
the Data process that takes placethe message from one host to another cab be done as such:
The data to be passed from one host to another can be composed at the first top layer of the
passing device layer N into a protocol data unit.
The protocal data unit is passed to next layer, where it is known as the service data unit.
At next layer let us consider that layer be N-1 the service data unit is observed the with a
header,a footer,some times both,producing a layer next protocal data unit. It is then passed to
layer next layer N-2.
The process repeated until reaching the lower level,from which the data is transmitted to the
receiving device.
At the receiving device the data is passed from the lowest to the highest layer as a series of
SDUs while being successively stripped from each layer\'s header and/or footer, until reaching
the topmost layer, where the last of the data is consumed.
3.
ISO
1.OSI is a generic, protocol independent standard, acting as a communication gateway between
the network and end user.
2.OSI is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of
a computing or telecommunication system irrespective of their underlying structure and
technology being used.
3.OSI is a reference model.
4.The OSI model consists of 7 architectural layers
TCp/IP
1. TCP/IP model is based on standard protocols around which the Internet has developed. It is a
communication protocol, which allows connection of hosts over a network.
2.TCP/IP is a core protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). It is the basic communication
language or protocol of the internet. It can be used as a communications protocol in a private
network either an intranet or an extranet
3.TCP/IP is an implementation of OSI model.
4.The tcp/ip can contains only 4 laters
4.1.network inerface layer:The most widely-known Application layer protocols are those used
for the exchange of user information.
2.internet layer:The Internet layer is responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing
functions. The core protocols of the Internet layer are I.
how does the OSI Model relate to the seven domains of an IT infrastr.pdf
how does the OSI Model relate to the seven domains of an IT infrastructure?
Solution
Seven layers/domains of I.T Infrastructure are as follows:
1.The User Domain -This defines the people who access
an organization’s or Institution\'s information system.
2.The Workstation Domain - This is where most users
connect to the IT infrastructure. It can be a
desktop computer,laptop,i-pad or any device that connects
to your network.
3.the LAN Domain - is a collection of computers
connected to one another or to a common
connection medium (makes use of servers ,hub). Network connection
mediums can include wires, fiber optic cables, or
radio waves.
4.The LAN to WAN Domain - is where the IT
infrastructure links to a wide area network and
the Internet.(we make use of routers ,firewalls etc)
5.The WAN Domain -The Wide area network connects remote locations.
WAN services can include dedicated Internet
access and also managed services for customer’s
routers and firewalls .
7.The Remote Access Domain - This domain allows remote
users to connect to the organization’s IT infrastructure. The
scope of this domain is limited to remote access
via the Internet and IP communications.
8. The System/ Application Domain -This domain holds all the
mission-critical systems, applications, as well as data.
It is very important for businesses to protect each of these seven domains.
It only takes one unprotected domain for an attacker to gain access to private data of the users
connected to the network.
The OSI reference model has 7 layers .
7th layer:Application Layer
This layer is closest to the user.
• It provides network services to the user’s applications.
Examples of application layer functionality include:
• gives Support for file transfers
• provides Ability to print on a network
• allows Electronic mail
• allows Electronic messaging
• Allowing browsing the World Wide Web
6th layer:Presentation Layer
• Thislayer as the name suggests ensures that the information/data that the application
layer of one system sends out is readable by the application layer of
another system.
• If required , the presentation layer translates between multiple data
formats by using a common format.
• It provides encryption as well as compression of data.
• Examples include JPEG, MPEG, ASCII, EBCDIC, HTML.
In short the Presentation layer does the following:
• Encryption and decryption of a message for security reasons.
• Compression and expansion of a message so that it travels efficiently from one application to
another application.
• Graphics formatting service
• Content translation service
• System-specific translation service
5th layer:Session Layer
This layer performs various functions including tracking the number of bytes that each end of
the session has acknowledged receiving from the other end of the session. This session layer
allows applications
functioning on devices to establish, manage, and terminate a dialog through a network. Session
layer
functionality includes:
• Virtual conne.
Wp simoneau osi_model
The document provides an overview of the seven layers of the OSI model:
1) The physical layer defines physical connections and transmission of raw bit streams.
2) The data link layer provides addressing and error checking for data transmission between systems on a local network.
3) The network layer establishes logical addressing to route packets across multiple networks and provides fragmentation and reassembly of packets.
4) The transport layer offers reliable or unreliable data transmission and handles issues like flow control and multiplexing of data streams.
5) The session layer manages communication sessions, synchronizing data flow between endpoints.
006 Osi Model
The document provides an overview of the seven-layer OSI model for computer networking. It describes each layer and its functions, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. The physical layer defines cable specifications, the data link layer provides addressing and error detection, and the network layer enables routing between different networks using logical addresses. Higher layers include the transport layer for reliable data transmission, and the session, presentation and application layers for establishing communication between applications and presenting data to the end user.
Modue 1 part 1 of computer networks for your university exams
A computer network (CN) is a group of devices that share resources over a network, with each device represented as a network node. The devices communicate with each other using standard protocols to send or receive data.
Computers on a network can be linked through cables, radio waves, telephone lines, infrared light beams, or satellites. The network can also include other devices that help in communication, known as network devices.
Here are some types of computer networks:
PAN (Personal Area Network): The smallest and simplest type of network
LAN (Local Area Network): The most frequently used network, connecting computers within a limited area, such as a single office or building
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): A type of network
WAN (Wide Area Network): An enterprise network spanning cities, buildings, and even countries
Wireless networking is about creating and managing wireless connections, commonly used in Wi-Fi. This involves setting up Wi-Fi routers, securing them with passwords, and allowing devices to connect to a network without using physical cables.
CN-OSI-TCP-Models-001.pdf
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including the OSI and TCP/IP models. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from physical to application layer and their responsibilities. It also summarizes the four layers of the TCP/IP model from network interface to application layer. The document compares the two models and explains that while they cover similar topics, the TCP/IP model does so with fewer layers and is more practical for locating specific protocols.
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Osi model
The document provides an overview of the OSI model, which defines 7 layers of abstraction for characterizing and standardizing network communication functions. It describes each of the 7 layers, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. The physical layer defines electrical specifications for devices and transmission mediums. Higher layers deal with issues like routing, congestion control, session establishment, data encoding and common application protocols. The OSI model aimed to standardize network architectures but TCP/IP is now more widely used.
1.The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model has seven layers.The mod.pdf
1.The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model has seven layers.The model partitions a
communication system into abstraction layers. The original version of the model defined seven
layers.OSI means Open Systems Interconnectionis reference model for how applications can
communicate over a network This article describes and explains them, beginning with the lowest
in the hierarchy the physical and proceeding to the highest the application. The layers are stay in
this way:
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
features osi model:
If network communications need to happen with out any trouble, many problems must be
solved. Coordinating all these problems are so complex and not easy to manage.
Big picture of communication over network is understandable through this OSI model.
We can understand new technologies as they are developed.
Troubleshooting is easier by separate network.
2.
the Data process that takes placethe message from one host to another cab be done as such:
The data to be passed from one host to another can be composed at the first top layer of the
passing device layer N into a protocol data unit.
The protocal data unit is passed to next layer, where it is known as the service data unit.
At next layer let us consider that layer be N-1 the service data unit is observed the with a
header,a footer,some times both,producing a layer next protocal data unit. It is then passed to
layer next layer N-2.
The process repeated until reaching the lower level,from which the data is transmitted to the
receiving device.
At the receiving device the data is passed from the lowest to the highest layer as a series of
SDUs while being successively stripped from each layer\'s header and/or footer, until reaching
the topmost layer, where the last of the data is consumed.
3.
ISO
1.OSI is a generic, protocol independent standard, acting as a communication gateway between
the network and end user.
2.OSI is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of
a computing or telecommunication system irrespective of their underlying structure and
technology being used.
3.OSI is a reference model.
4.The OSI model consists of 7 architectural layers
TCp/IP
1. TCP/IP model is based on standard protocols around which the Internet has developed. It is a
communication protocol, which allows connection of hosts over a network.
2.TCP/IP is a core protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). It is the basic communication
language or protocol of the internet. It can be used as a communications protocol in a private
network either an intranet or an extranet
3.TCP/IP is an implementation of OSI model.
4.The tcp/ip can contains only 4 laters
4.1.network inerface layer:The most widely-known Application layer protocols are those used
for the exchange of user information.
2.internet layer:The Internet layer is responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing
functions. The core protocols of the Internet layer are I.
how does the OSI Model relate to the seven domains of an IT infrastr.pdf
how does the OSI Model relate to the seven domains of an IT infrastructure?
Solution
Seven layers/domains of I.T Infrastructure are as follows:
1.The User Domain -This defines the people who access
an organization’s or Institution\'s information system.
2.The Workstation Domain - This is where most users
connect to the IT infrastructure. It can be a
desktop computer,laptop,i-pad or any device that connects
to your network.
3.the LAN Domain - is a collection of computers
connected to one another or to a common
connection medium (makes use of servers ,hub). Network connection
mediums can include wires, fiber optic cables, or
radio waves.
4.The LAN to WAN Domain - is where the IT
infrastructure links to a wide area network and
the Internet.(we make use of routers ,firewalls etc)
5.The WAN Domain -The Wide area network connects remote locations.
WAN services can include dedicated Internet
access and also managed services for customer’s
routers and firewalls .
7.The Remote Access Domain - This domain allows remote
users to connect to the organization’s IT infrastructure. The
scope of this domain is limited to remote access
via the Internet and IP communications.
8. The System/ Application Domain -This domain holds all the
mission-critical systems, applications, as well as data.
It is very important for businesses to protect each of these seven domains.
It only takes one unprotected domain for an attacker to gain access to private data of the users
connected to the network.
The OSI reference model has 7 layers .
7th layer:Application Layer
This layer is closest to the user.
• It provides network services to the user’s applications.
Examples of application layer functionality include:
• gives Support for file transfers
• provides Ability to print on a network
• allows Electronic mail
• allows Electronic messaging
• Allowing browsing the World Wide Web
6th layer:Presentation Layer
• Thislayer as the name suggests ensures that the information/data that the application
layer of one system sends out is readable by the application layer of
another system.
• If required , the presentation layer translates between multiple data
formats by using a common format.
• It provides encryption as well as compression of data.
• Examples include JPEG, MPEG, ASCII, EBCDIC, HTML.
In short the Presentation layer does the following:
• Encryption and decryption of a message for security reasons.
• Compression and expansion of a message so that it travels efficiently from one application to
another application.
• Graphics formatting service
• Content translation service
• System-specific translation service
5th layer:Session Layer
This layer performs various functions including tracking the number of bytes that each end of
the session has acknowledged receiving from the other end of the session. This session layer
allows applications
functioning on devices to establish, manage, and terminate a dialog through a network. Session
layer
functionality includes:
• Virtual conne.
Wp simoneau osi_model
The document provides an overview of the seven layers of the OSI model:
1) The physical layer defines physical connections and transmission of raw bit streams.
2) The data link layer provides addressing and error checking for data transmission between systems on a local network.
3) The network layer establishes logical addressing to route packets across multiple networks and provides fragmentation and reassembly of packets.
4) The transport layer offers reliable or unreliable data transmission and handles issues like flow control and multiplexing of data streams.
5) The session layer manages communication sessions, synchronizing data flow between endpoints.
006 Osi Model
The document provides an overview of the seven-layer OSI model for computer networking. It describes each layer and its functions, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. The physical layer defines cable specifications, the data link layer provides addressing and error detection, and the network layer enables routing between different networks using logical addresses. Higher layers include the transport layer for reliable data transmission, and the session, presentation and application layers for establishing communication between applications and presenting data to the end user.
Modue 1 part 1 of computer networks for your university exams
A computer network (CN) is a group of devices that share resources over a network, with each device represented as a network node. The devices communicate with each other using standard protocols to send or receive data.
Computers on a network can be linked through cables, radio waves, telephone lines, infrared light beams, or satellites. The network can also include other devices that help in communication, known as network devices.
Here are some types of computer networks:
PAN (Personal Area Network): The smallest and simplest type of network
LAN (Local Area Network): The most frequently used network, connecting computers within a limited area, such as a single office or building
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): A type of network
WAN (Wide Area Network): An enterprise network spanning cities, buildings, and even countries
Wireless networking is about creating and managing wireless connections, commonly used in Wi-Fi. This involves setting up Wi-Fi routers, securing them with passwords, and allowing devices to connect to a network without using physical cables.
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This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including the OSI and TCP/IP models. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from physical to application layer and their responsibilities. It also summarizes the four layers of the TCP/IP model from network interface to application layer. The document compares the two models and explains that while they cover similar topics, the TCP/IP model does so with fewer layers and is more practical for locating specific protocols.
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06 - OSI Model.ppt
Here are the number of broadcast and collision domains for each case:
1. A single switch with 10 connected devices:
- Broadcast domain: 1
- Collision domain: 10 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
2. Two switches connected by a single trunk link with 10 devices on each switch:
- Broadcast domain: 2 (each switch is its own broadcast domain)
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
3. A router connecting two switches, each with 10 devices:
- Broadcast domain: 3 (each physical network segment is its own broadcast domain)
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
06 - OSI Model.ppt
Here are the number of broadcast and collision domains for each case:
1. A single switch with 10 connected devices:
- Broadcast domain: 1
- Collision domain: 10 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
2. Two switches connected by a single trunk link with 10 devices on each switch:
- Broadcast domain: 2
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
3. A router connected to two switches, with 10 devices on each switch:
- Broadcast domain: 3
- Collision domain: 20 (each switch port is its own collision domain)
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Power point presentation on osi model.
A good presentation cover all topics.
For any other type of ppt's or pdf's to be created on demand contact -dhawalm8@gmail.com
mob. no-7023419969
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- 1. OSI MODEL
- 2. INTRODUCTION • OSI model is a conceptual model that defines a networking framework to implement protocols in layers, with control passed from one layer to the next. A layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below it. It conceptually divides computer network architecture into 7 layers in a logical progression.
- 3. The image below gives a brief description of OSI model…
- 4. DEVICES ON LAYERS • Devices used in each layer are…. 1.Physical layer or below : Hubs, Repeaters, Cables, Fibers, Wireless.. 2.Data-link layer: Bridges, Modems, Network cards, 2-layer switches. 3.Network layer: Routers, Brouters, 3-layer switches. 4.Transport layer: Gateways, Firewalls. 5.Session layer: Gateways, Firewalls, PC’s. 6.Presentation layer : Gateways, Firewalls, PC’s. 7.Application layer: Gateways, Firewalls, all end devices like PC’s, Phones, Servers..
- 6. What are layer1, layer2, and layer3 devices and give example of each? • The layers you are referring to are the first three layers of the OSI model better known as the hardware layers. • Layer one is the physical layer. On this layer, the object of concern are wires, connectors, signaling, etc. If this layer fails, the items using this also fail to connect. • Examples layer one are: • Category Cables (5e, 6, 6a, 7, 8), RJ45 connectors • Layer two is the data link layer ( & the LLC). The hardware interface layer. This layer contains the Logical Link Control and the Media Access Control better known as MAC address; the 48-bit address that is burned into an EPROM at the factory making Network adapters. It is the layer where networking protocols that operate only on the local network segment (link) that a host is connected to. This is what most people think of when they refer to a Network adapter. • Examples for layer two: Ethernet Network Adapter. • Layer three is the Network layer. This is the layer where Routers operate on. Where one connects discontiguous networks. • Example: Ethernet router.