The document proposes a framework for developing a climate change adaptation database system aimed at improving low-input livestock production in dryland pastoral communities. It emphasizes the need for timely information and participatory approaches to enhance adaptive capacities and resilience among pastoral livestock owners facing climate-related challenges. The framework outlines methodologies for knowledge sharing, information dissemination, and engagement with multi-stakeholder involvement to better support livestock management under severe climate conditions.

1. Development of a Climate Change Adaptation Database System for Low-Input Livestock Production Systems S. Oseni 1 & B. Bebe 2 1 Dept of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 2 Dept of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya

2. Livestock production in the dry lands

3. Drylands ~ 40% of the earth surface > 1 billion people (~20% of human population) livestock the major asset! But depend on climate-sensitive resources Fodder and water Global Map of Dry lands ( WWW.NASM.SI.EDU, 2009 )

4. Livestock production in the drylands Pastoral low inputs systems of the poor Direct and indirect effects from climate change threats faced: Flooding Droughts Inadequate forage quality Water stresses Heat stresses Disease outbreaks

5. Concerns What should pastoral communities do under changing climate challenges? What kind of information would be valuable, how to package the information for use? What is the potential role of ICTs & information sharing in CC mitigation & adaptation for pastoral communities? How can we build adaptive capacities & resilience for pastoral livestock owners?

6. Objective Propose a framework for the development of a functional database system as a repository of information on climate change adaptation for low-input livestock production systems in the drylands

7. What are their novel management techniques under extreme climatic conditions? What are their adaptive breeding methods under extreme climatic conditions? How to capture , document and share the information for lesson learning Capturing Novel pastoral livestock management in the extreme climate

8. Reducing heat stress for livestock under extreme climate in arid northern Kenya (Malabot, North Horr)

10. Selection of most adapted individuals within the population under extreme climate in arid northern Kenya ( Malabot, North Horr)

12. Role of ICTs & Knowledge Sharing in CCA Information and communication remain poorly integrated in emerging livelihoods approaches” (Chapman et al., 2009). Knowledge sharing represents a key strategy in climate change adaptation and building resilience (Al-Gain, 2008). Adapting to climate change requires information that is Useful, Meticulous, Meaningful & Timely (Al-Gain, 2008).

13. Requirements for Knowledge Sharing in CCA A Database / Resource Unit that holds key information on CCA for livestock management under low-input systems A functional CCA service delivery system for pastoral livestock management

14. Methodological Framework (after Dossa, 2007) SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS, ACCESSING RELEVANT DATA & LOCAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS COMMUNITY DIALOGUE, PROBLEM CENSUS & PRIORITIZATION, PARTICIPATORY ACTION PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION & RULES, WITH DELIVERABLES PARTICIPATORY MONITORING, EVALUATION & FEEDBACK

15. Methodology – (cont’d)

16. Methodology (cont’d)

17. Methodology - emphasis Multi-stakeholder involvement in: project planning, implementation, monitoring & evaluation, Feedback system to herd owners in pastoral communities.

18. Methodology - Inception Participatory approach Awareness & sensitization Stakeholders’ forum – Stock Owners, Researchers, Extension, GOs, NGOs, CBOs, etc. the scope & rationale Prior Informed Concept

19. Methodology – Inception.. Needs Assessment Focus-Group Discussions Most pertinent information for CCA for low-input livestock units Format & presentation of such information Dissemination & Feedback Support systems for CCA

20. Methodology – Steps (Cont’d) Information sources Conventional Scientific ICT Global best practices Indigenous Folklores/folktales in relation to season/envt/climate etc Traditional approaches in: Novel animal management techniques Stock selection & sharing processes Adaptation to varied climate

21. Methodology - steps Detailed information to be archived in the Database : (a) Animal breeding & management under harsh climate Social breeding mechanisms Traditional breed characteristics Animal genetic resources for drylands Adaptive traits & animal survival in harsh climates Stock selection for fitness-related traits Breeding for phenotypic plasticity & robustness Novel livestock management techniques Coping strategies during droughts Herd sizes & dynamics in relation to season Restocking/Destocking processes

22. Methodology - steps (b) Environment / landscape / Seasonal trends Seasonal trends in resource availability Resource mapping, Pasture/fodder resources during droughts Other information related to the livelihood base of pastoralists. (c) General: institutional support systems (e.g. Early Warning Systems), meteorological data/climate forecasts, transboundry diseases role of ICT (electronic, mobile, etc), best practices globally, for low-input systems mitigation adaptation strategies building resilience

23. Dissemination Print/Publications Pictorials, Pamphlets, Cartoons, etc Electronic: TV/Radio programme series Dedicated web-sites (e.g. www.africa_adapt.net) Community Forum: Drama sketches Other: Rural information & communications network Other (?)

24. Design Structure Modus operandi Sustainability Institutionalization Implementation Information sources Conventional (Scientific, ICTs etc) Indigenous practices Compilation / Collation Packaging Dissemination Monitoring & Evaluation Dissemination process Responses & Feedback Refinement Expected impact Measures of Success Methodology – Considerations

25. Likely Outcome Provide key information on aspects of CCA adaptation to smallholder livestock systems Provide a service delivery through a multi-stakeholder clientele system Represents information base for climate change adaptation for low-input systems Stock owners benefit by being provided with technical information from varied sources that enable them to make better decisions related to stock management under harsh climate.

26. Conclusion A CCA Database is relevant for improving adaptation to climate change for pastoral livestock It holds vital information for the design & implementation of robust CC adaptation measures for low-input livestock production The framework prioritizes service delivery to provide herd owners with current information on CC adaptation under environmental stress. It also emphasizes a feedback response from herd owners

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