Development of a Climate Change Adaptation Database System for Low-Input Livestock Production Units in the Dry-lands

Technology

Development of a Climate Change Adaptation Database System for Low-Input Livestock Production Systems S. Oseni 1 & B. Bebe 2 1 Dept of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 2 Dept of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya

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Reducing heat stress for livestock under extreme climate in arid northern Kenya (Malabot, North Horr)

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Methodological Framework (after Dossa, 2007) SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS, ACCESSING RELEVANT DATA & LOCAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS COMMUNITY DIALOGUE, PROBLEM CENSUS & PRIORITIZATION, PARTICIPATORY ACTION PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION & RULES, WITH DELIVERABLES PARTICIPATORY MONITORING, EVALUATION & FEEDBACK

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Innovation in plant breeding is imperative to meet the growing demand for staple food crops in developing countries. Modernizing breeding was therefore a major objective of the Generation Challenge Programme (GCP, http://www.generationcp.org). In this endeavor,the GCP createdthe Integrated Breeding Platform (IBP, https://www.integratedbreeding.net),to provide breeding material,knowledge and tools to assist researchers in their work,including custom-built software forreliable data management – the Breeding Management System (BMS Pro).These activities were sustained mainly through funding by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,which ended this last September after 10 years of direct collaboration. The IBP has proven to be agile, adaptable and bold over the years, and is now applying the same spirit and resolve to find revenue from both public and private sources to continue serving its broad basis of stakeholders, among which national programs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remainfront and center. BMS Pro – a professional-grade software package distributed through LAN or cloud – is being used by close to 700 users in over 30 organizations of different types around the world (17 in SSA). We have learned that digitizing breeding is less about technology than it is about changing mindsets;it requires proper support on the ground,and thatmanagement commits to empower adoption within institutions. Although there is still some way to go before reaching routine adoption, a solid basis has been established and continues to be supported by a new generation of African breeders.Breeding digitization in Africa is well underway.

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Drought is a major cause of livestock losses and vulnerability in African drylands. Index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) uses satellite data to assess rangeland conditions and provide payouts when forage is scarce, indicating drought. This helps pastoralists cope with drought impacts. Governments should have coordinated early response plans, clear triggers, and risk financing to respond quickly to drought disasters. Digital technologies can help collect livestock and health data to improve monitoring and early warning systems.

The Systemwide Livestock Programme (SLP) is a consortium of 12 CGIAR centers that coordinates research on crop-livestock systems. It aims to decrease poverty and improve fodder yield/quality for food-feed crops through research partnerships. SLP governs over 60 completed projects on topics like crop residues and drivers of change. Current regional case studies in Africa and Asia examine decisions on crop residue use and their impacts on livelihoods and sustainability. SLP works to build collaborations and share knowledge while also seeking new resources, though its future is uncertain without Systemwide Programs in the new CGIAR.

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The Kenyan rural communities face a myriad of challenges including poverty, food security, scarcity of water, and challenges emerging due to global warming and climate change. Notable direct effects include higher temperatures and drastic changes in rainfall patterns, consequently aberrant transmission models, and increased spread of existing vector-borne diseases, emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. Major challenges for adaptation interventions in Kenya include insufficient local level historic and future climate change information. Given the complexity of livestock and crop-livestock systems, a mix of technological, policy and institutional innovations will inevitably be required. Here we propose approaches that can be used to develop reliable climate databases and to incorporate these data into predictive risk models. We hypothesize that techniques should be further refined to produce detailed relational databases. The proposed climate system models are to provide insights on climate variability and impacts on livestock, they are designated as problem-solving tools that allow users to process and analyse climate data in a multidisciplinary context. They should be ideal for storage, archiving, display, analysis and interpretation of the localised impacts, and the importance of identifying appropriate options that can help livestock keepers adapt to climate change. However we reckon the overarching issues of shrinking government budgets, curriculum suitability and need for collaboration to expand our knowledge of how climate change and increasing climate variability will affect livestock systems and the livelihoods of the people who depend on them.

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The document discusses several topics related to using geospatial data and modeling for agricultural research and development in Africa. It describes index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) being piloted in Northern Kenya to protect pastoralists from drought losses. It discusses how normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data is used to develop a predictive livestock mortality index for IBLI. It also discusses downscaling global climate models to generate high-resolution climate projections and weather data to assess local impacts of climate change on agriculture. Finally, it outlines how ILRI is targeting its work, taking a systems approach, and aiming to have a forward-looking perspective.

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