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Similar to Oriental carpets 1
Oriental carpets 1
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- 2. Func%on of carpets • Floor covering • Prayer rugs • Saddle blankets and saddle bags • Status symbols • Collect individual and community narra%ves • Preserve cultural iden%ty – women passed down their techniques and designs to daughters • Carpets can be iden%fied to the region based on style and mo%f.
- 3. Pazyryk rug ca. 400 BCE
- 4. • Ukok Princess (or shaman)
- 5. Seljuk period, Konya, (Turkey) 1081 -‐ 1307
- 6. Mamluk carpet, Cairo ca. 1500
- 7. • Carpet industry began 1400s • Main colors: light green, red, yellow • First carpets to have centralized design; earlier ones have repeat paVern • Func%oned un%laWer OVomans took control of Egypt in 1517
- 8. Major centers of carpet weaving Safavid Dynasty, Iran (1501 – 1722) • Generally considered best quality and most influen%al carpets worldwide Mughal Dynasty, India (1526 – 1858) OVoman Empire, Turkey (1516 – 1918)
- 9. Safavid Dynasty • Carpets from Persia (now Iran) are s%ll named aWer the area in which they were made: Hamadan, Kerman, Tabriz, Shiraz, Bidjar • During %me of Safavid Dynasty, carpets were oWen designed by miniature painters, so figura%ve elements were not uncommon.
- 11. The Emperor’s Carpet, ca. 1550, Herat
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- 15. Ardabil Carpet – considered best surviving carpet in world (one in V&A , one in LACMA museums • One lamp mo%f larger than other – only God is perfect
- 17. Mughal Dynasty • Akbar brought weavers to his capital in the Agra district from Persia. • India probably had no cultural tradi%on of carpet weaving prior to this. • Na%ve Indians and Chinese ar%sts helped shape a unique Mughal style. • Jahangir encouraged ar%sts to create naturalis%c (realis%c) renderings.
- 18. Mughal carpet, northern India, ca. 1650 (rein of Shah Jahan) • Style similar to carpets of Herat • Naturalis%c plant mo%fs • Neat rows reflect taste of the %me
- 19. Mughal, Kashmir, 1700s • Prayer rug • Vase with flowers within niche area • Extremely fine weave (700 knots/ square inch) • Later copied by weavers in Persia.
- 20. OVoman Period • Turkish tribal rugs largely used geometric repeat paVerns and animal figures. • During the OVoman period, carpets were exported to Europe; some paVerns were so frequently depicted in a painter’s work that the paVern now carries their name, i.e., “LoVo” or “Holbein”. • In court workshops, Egyp%an, Chinese and Persian influences could be seen in carpets produced there as the OVomans conquered new territories.
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- 22. Star Ushak style carpet, late 15th century • Influenced by Persian book design!
- 23. Prayer carpet, OVoman, Istanbul, late 1500s • Mihrab niche in center, with lamp suspended and flowers on the ground.
- 24. Tribal rugs • Other side of the spectrum from the finely wrought court workshop produc%on of the Safavid, Mughals or OVomans. • For centuries, nomadic and semi-‐nomadic peoples of Central Asia have woven rugs for personal use and for sale along the trade routes, like the Silk Road, that crisscross the region. • The geometric paVerns func%on much like heraldry in the medieval Western world, and as tribal history – deno%ng tribes and their affilia%ons, marriages, and the poli%cal forces which ruled during that %me period.
- 25. • Ca. 1900 Baluchistan rug
- 26. Ca. 1900, An%que Afghan saddlebag
- 27. mid-‐1800s Dagestan (Caucasian) prayer rug
- 28. Beshir Afgan rug, late 1800s
- 29. Mo%fs • Many paVerns emerged in ancient, pre-‐Islamic %mes. • Some have shamanis%c, magical themes. • Others borrow mo%fs from trading partners or conquerors, like the Chinese or Mongols (such as cloud bands, dragons, lotus). • Elements from daily living also make their way into the rugs: jewelry, flowers, animals, s%ck people, coffee pots, pomegranates (fer%lity) and trees (life and regenera%on).
- 32. Afghanistan has been at war since Russia invaded in 1970s.
- 33. Afghani tribal rugs 1970s -‐ present
- 34. 1990s war rug made in refugee camp
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