About the Usefulness of Posthumous Organ & Body Donation

1. A GIFT OF LIFE

2. For patients with end-stage kidney failure,
the best treatment option we have today is
kidney transplantation.
This would provide a better quality of life for
the patients and allow them to lead a normal,
active life again.
Who requires Organ
Transplantation?

3. Who requires Organ Transplantation?
• For patients with liver failure or
• Severe heart failure, organ transplant is the only way to
save their
• For a patient who becomes sight-less as a result of
corneal diseases, trauma or ulcer in Cornea , a corneal
transplant would enable him/ her to see again.

4. Organ donation is the process
of removing tissues or organs
from a live, or recently dead,
person called Donor to be used
in another live person called
Recipient.
Organ Donation

6. In India every year nearly 500,000 people die
because of non-availability of organs and this
number is expected to grow due to scarcity of
Organ Donors.
Organ Donation

8. Lungs
Heart
Liver
Kidneys
Intestine
Pancreas
ORGANS

9. Cornea
Skin
Bone
Marrow
Heart
Valves
Middle
Ear
Tendon
TISSUE

10. Two situations under which organ donation
occurs are:
LiveDonations
( When the person making the
donation is alive)
Cadaver/Deceased Donations
( After the donor dies)
Organ Donation

11. Live Donations
This type of donation occurs when a living person
wishes to donate organs to some immediate family
member in need.
Only first degree relatives (Parents, siblings & children)
are allowed to be Live Donors. There is a precondition
on the organs that can be donated. They can donate
one Kidney (as one kidney is capable of maintaining the
body functions), a portion of Pancreas and a part of the
Liver.
Organ Donation

12. Cadaver/ Deceased Donations
This kind of donation involves taking organs from a person who has just
died. But organ can be taken only if the deceased person registered
his/her wish for the donation or his first degree relatives give their
consent.
In deceased donations, organs to be donated depends on the type of
death.
Death is of two main types: Brain Death and Cardiac/ Natural
Death.
Organ Donation

13. Organ Donation
Brain Death
Brain death is the irreversible and permanent end of all brain
functions.
Such persons are kept on artificial support (ventilators) to
maintain oxygenation of organs so that the organs are in
healthy condition until they are removed. Most cases of brain
death are the end result of head injuries or brain tumor patients
from Intensive care units.
It is possible to donate all organs in the case of Brain death.

14. Cadaveric Organ Donation: The Steps
Brain Death pronounced after evaluation, testing and documentation
Consent from Family
Information to Organ Procurement Organization(OPO)
Consent from coroner/legal authorities
Organ donor is maintained on ventilator, stabilized with fluids, medications
and undergoes numerous laboratory tests
Recipient(s) identified as per waiting list/medical urgency, andmatching
Surgical team mobilized
If multiple organ recovery, organs are preserved through special solutions/cold
packing.
Donor’s body surgically closed and released
Donor's body handed over to family for funeral/donation for Medical Research

15. Cardiac Death
Organ Donation
When a person suffers a Cardiac death, the heart stops
beating. Due to the lack of circulation of blood the vital organs
quickly become unusable for transplantation. However, if the
person is on a ventilator and if it is medically clear that the
person cannot survive, then the family can consider Organ
donation for certain vital organs.
Such donations typically take place in the operating room.

16. At present, most organs for transplants come from living donors,
whereby these donors may legally only be the immediate family. As a
result, only a small percentage of organ seekers are able to find
compatible and keen donors. Due to the extremely low number of
deceased donations, most people awaiting transplant breathe their
last.
Organ Donation

17. A large number of people die all over world every
year due to paucity of organ. Majority of these can
be saved if more and more people pledge for
voluntary organ donation after death.
Organ Donation

18. Give life to others
once you are no
more
Organ Donation

19. You must have been donating food, money,
shelter etc. during your life time. Organ donation
gives you the chance to enhance that spirit by
recycling yourself even after death.
Organ Donation

20. History of successful transplants
• 1954: First successful kidney transplant
by Joseph Murray (Boston)
• 1966: First successful pancreas
transplant by Richard Lillehei and William
Kelly (Minnesota)
• 1967: First successful liver transplant by
Thomas Starzl (Pittsburgh)
• 1967: First successful heart transplant by
Christiaan Barnard (South Africa)

21. …History of successful transplants
• 1981: First successful heart/lung
transplant by Bruce Reitz (Stanford)
• 1983: First successful lung lobe
transplant by Joel Cooper (Toronto)
• 1986: First successful double-lung
transplant (Ann Harrison) by Joel Cooper
(Toronto)
• 1987: First successful whole lung
transplant by Joel Cooper (St. Louis)

22. …History of successful transplants
1995: First successful laparoscopic live-donor
nephrectomy by Lloyd Ratner and Louis
Kavoussi (Baltimore)
1998: First successful live-donor partial
pancreas transplant by David Sutherland
(Minnesota)
1998: First successful hand transplant (France)
2005: First successful partial face transplant
(France)

23. Some important facts about organ donation:
Anyone can be a potential donor regardless of age, race, or medical history.
All major religions in India support organ, eye, and tissue donations and see it
as the final act of love and generosity toward others. It should not be treated as
an interference in God’s work rather it is treated as contributing in God’s work.
If one is sick or injured and admitted to the hospital, the number one priority is
to save his/her life. Organ, eye and tissue donation can only be considered after
one is deceased.
An open casket funeral is possible for organ, eye and tissue donors. Through
the entire donation process the body is treated with care, respect and dignity.
There is no cost to the donor or their family for organ or tissue donation.
Organ Donation

24. Organ Donation: Myth Vs. Reality
Myth: Doctors will not try to save my life if they know I want to be a donor.
Fact: The medical staff trying to save lives is completely separate from the transplant team.
Donation takes place only after all efforts to save your life have been exhausted and death
has been declared.
Myth: People can recover from brain death.
Fact: People can recover from comas, but not brain death. Coma and brain death are not the
same.
Myth: Minorities should refuse to donate because organ distribution discriminates by race.
Fact: Organs are matched by factors, including blood and tissue typing, which can vary by
race. Patients are more likely to find matches among donors of their same race or ethnicity.

25. Myth: The rich on the waiting list for organs get preferential treatment.
Fact: Organs are matched by blood and tissue typing, organ size, medical urgency,
waiting time and geographic location.
Myth: I am too old to donate organs and tissues.
Fact: People of all ages may be organ and tissue donors. Physical condition, not
age, is most important. Physicians will decide whether your organs and tissues can
be transplanted at the time of death.
Myth: Donation will disfigure my body.
Fact: A surgical procedure is used to recover donated organs and tissue. The body is
always treated with great care and respect. Donation does not delay or change
funeral arrangements. An open casket funeral is possible.

26. Myth: Doctor can go wrong in pronouncing a brain death.
Fact: Two different doctors not involved with the patient’s treatment (from a panel
of doctors as recommended by the Government and from a different hospital) carry
out a series of tests to confirm that a patient is “Brain stem dead”. The standards
are very strict and are accepted medically, legally and ethically all over the world.
Myth: Organ donation may cause pain and inconvenience to my family.
Fact: Organ donation is a lasting consolation. It is often comforting to the family that
even though their loved one has died, one or more persons can live on through
their gift of life.
Myth: Organ donation may not be approved by my religion.
Fact: All major religious including Hinduism, Protestant, and Roman Catholic, Islam,
Buddhism and others fully support organ and tissue donation.

27. WHAT IS THE RIGHT AGE OF DONATION
Organ Age
Corneas 0-100 yrs
Heart Valves 0-60 yrs
Trachea 15-60 yrs
Skin 16-85 yrs
Kidneys 0-70 yrs
Heart 0-60 yrs
Lungs 0-60 yrs
Liver 0-70 yrs

28. Don’t Wait, Pledge Now
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Sandipan Dhar
+91-8017455913
Email: sandipandhar@gmail.com