one of the renewable energy resources project that help me lot to my carrier in research field : this slide is for the prototype model that i design actual full scale size may be bit of different from my calculations and data's
Solar-Organic Rankine Cycle. Basic idea of Organic-Rankine cycle. Comparison of various working fluid for a Solar ORC based on the tests conducted on a simple ORC system of 2KW capacity operating on a solar water heater (water temp. 90C) as a source of heat. Comparison made on the basis of efficiency, pressure ratio, turbine exit volume flow rate, mass flow rate, heat input, Environmental considerations, toxicity, flammability.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE IN ENERGY RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST GASE...IAEME Publication
This paper describes thermal analysis and optimization of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) integrated with a power generating stationary diesel engine. A simple ORC, with a regenerator, is considered here as a bottoming cycle for producing additional power by recovering waste energy
from the exhaust gases of the engine. Taking evaporation pressure and condensation temperature as two decision variables, a genetic algorithm is used for simultaneously maximizing three objective functions - exergy efficiency, thermal efficiency, and specific network.
Fossil fuel consumption in the recent years has been increasing and the burning of fossil fuel is said to be a major contributor towards global warming, acid rains, air, water and soil pollution, forest devastation and radioactive substances emissions. Besides the environment, the fossil fuel prices fluctuate considerably, usually going up and being very expensive in many countries.
Most importantly, the quantity of fossil fuels, like petroleum,natural gas, and coal can only decrease since they are non-renewable resources.
As a result many countries have been investing billions of dollars in new technologies and demand for sophisticated power supply options is greatly increased.
In a typical developed country as much as 40% of total fuel consumption is used for industrial and domestic space heating and process heating. Of this around one third is wasted.
Currently recovering low temperature heat which includes Industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, solar heat, biomass and so on could be a very critical and sustainable way to solve energy crisis. Utilising waste heats along with attempts for the use of renewable sources as low grade thermal heat has motivated us to develop a project based on ORC.
one of the renewable energy resources project that help me lot to my carrier in research field : this slide is for the prototype model that i design actual full scale size may be bit of different from my calculations and data's
Solar-Organic Rankine Cycle. Basic idea of Organic-Rankine cycle. Comparison of various working fluid for a Solar ORC based on the tests conducted on a simple ORC system of 2KW capacity operating on a solar water heater (water temp. 90C) as a source of heat. Comparison made on the basis of efficiency, pressure ratio, turbine exit volume flow rate, mass flow rate, heat input, Environmental considerations, toxicity, flammability.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE IN ENERGY RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST GASE...IAEME Publication
This paper describes thermal analysis and optimization of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) integrated with a power generating stationary diesel engine. A simple ORC, with a regenerator, is considered here as a bottoming cycle for producing additional power by recovering waste energy
from the exhaust gases of the engine. Taking evaporation pressure and condensation temperature as two decision variables, a genetic algorithm is used for simultaneously maximizing three objective functions - exergy efficiency, thermal efficiency, and specific network.
Fossil fuel consumption in the recent years has been increasing and the burning of fossil fuel is said to be a major contributor towards global warming, acid rains, air, water and soil pollution, forest devastation and radioactive substances emissions. Besides the environment, the fossil fuel prices fluctuate considerably, usually going up and being very expensive in many countries.
Most importantly, the quantity of fossil fuels, like petroleum,natural gas, and coal can only decrease since they are non-renewable resources.
As a result many countries have been investing billions of dollars in new technologies and demand for sophisticated power supply options is greatly increased.
In a typical developed country as much as 40% of total fuel consumption is used for industrial and domestic space heating and process heating. Of this around one third is wasted.
Currently recovering low temperature heat which includes Industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, solar heat, biomass and so on could be a very critical and sustainable way to solve energy crisis. Utilising waste heats along with attempts for the use of renewable sources as low grade thermal heat has motivated us to develop a project based on ORC.
ORC ElectraTherm Green Machine - waste heat to power, Power generationRado Irgl
ElectraTherm's Green Machine converts low temperature water flows into fuel-free, emission-free electric power. The Green Machine output range is from 20 kWe to 65kWe, based on temperatures and flows.
The Green Machine, is an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based heat-to-power generating system. It captures waste energy from small, distributed hot water sources such as stationary engine jacket water, biomass boilers, solar thermal and co-produced (or geothermal) fluids to generate 25 - 65kWe of fuel-free, emissions-free electricity. Factory assembled and tested, it is skid mounted and available as a single unit or in multiples to match the available heat.
The patented twin screw expander and ElectraTherm’s ORC system specifically targets low temperature and abundant resources. Our current upper limit for input to the machine is 240°F/116°C. However, if there is potential to reduce the hot water source via a secondary loop, the Green Machine can be utilized.
A biogas plant that uses the Green Machine converts excess engine heat
into valuable electricity and reduces existing on-site electrical cooling loads
for the engine. The Green Machine increases biogas plant efficiency and lowers fuel requirements for the biogas engine. This means increased revenue
for the biogas plant.
http://www.cogenera.si/
Make power out of your waste heat - Organic Rankine Cycle Sindhu Maiyya
How to utilize the waste heat generated by pretty much all the processes we engage in. An idea to convert the waste heat into useful power.
A presentation give in the finals of Schenider Electric Go Green in the City Challenge -2012
Elgen Tech - next generation Waste Heat to Power plantRussianCarbonFund
Next generation Waste Heat to Power plant seeks for investment.
About 50% of generated industrial energy is lost via waste heat streams. Our team developed next generation organic Rankine cycle power generation unit which converts 100 – 500 C° temperature heat into electrical energy with record efficiency – 28% and lowest installed costs on the market – 1500 USD per 1 kW. Our team seeks for investment which will be matched by Skolkovo Foundation grant.
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Syllabus:
Availability and Irreversibility
Availability Function
Second Law Efficiencies
Work Potential Associated with Internal Energy
Waste Heat Recovery
Heat Losses – Quality vs. Quantity
Principle of Heat Recovery Units
Classification of WHRS on Temperature Range Bases
Commercial Viable Waste Heat Recovery Devices
Benefits of Waste Heat Recovery
Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System
Commercial Waste Heat Recovery Devices
West Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB)
Recuperators- Regenerative, Ceramic, Regenerative Heat Exchanger
Thermal wheel/ Heat Wheel
Heat Pipe
Economiser
Feed Water
Heat Pump
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchanger
Run-around coil
Direct Contact Heat Exchanger
Advantages and Limitations of WHRD’s
Water Efficiency in Thermal power PlantAtanu Maity
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF)
in its recent notification dated December 07, 2015 on
Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2015 have
notified the following:
I. All plants with Once Through Cooling (OTC) shall install Cooling Tower (CT) and achieve specific water consumption upto maximum of 3.5m3/MWh within a period of two years from the date of publication of this notification.
II. All existing CT-based plants shall have to reduce specific water consumption upto maximum of 3.5m3/MWh within a period of two years from the date of publication of this notification.
III. New plants to be installed after 1st January, 2017 shall have to meet specific water consumption upto maximum of 2.5 m3/MWh and achieve zero waste water discharged.
In light of the above a presentation on water consumption in cooling towers / Air Cooled Condensers and other comparisons.
Heat engines for 10th standard new syllabusSwasthik Udupa
Introduction to heat engines .Working of 4 stroke engines, 2 stroke engines, petrol engines, diesel engines. Some advantages and disadvantages of these engines.
ORC ElectraTherm Green Machine - waste heat to power, Power generationRado Irgl
ElectraTherm's Green Machine converts low temperature water flows into fuel-free, emission-free electric power. The Green Machine output range is from 20 kWe to 65kWe, based on temperatures and flows.
The Green Machine, is an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based heat-to-power generating system. It captures waste energy from small, distributed hot water sources such as stationary engine jacket water, biomass boilers, solar thermal and co-produced (or geothermal) fluids to generate 25 - 65kWe of fuel-free, emissions-free electricity. Factory assembled and tested, it is skid mounted and available as a single unit or in multiples to match the available heat.
The patented twin screw expander and ElectraTherm’s ORC system specifically targets low temperature and abundant resources. Our current upper limit for input to the machine is 240°F/116°C. However, if there is potential to reduce the hot water source via a secondary loop, the Green Machine can be utilized.
A biogas plant that uses the Green Machine converts excess engine heat
into valuable electricity and reduces existing on-site electrical cooling loads
for the engine. The Green Machine increases biogas plant efficiency and lowers fuel requirements for the biogas engine. This means increased revenue
for the biogas plant.
http://www.cogenera.si/
Make power out of your waste heat - Organic Rankine Cycle Sindhu Maiyya
How to utilize the waste heat generated by pretty much all the processes we engage in. An idea to convert the waste heat into useful power.
A presentation give in the finals of Schenider Electric Go Green in the City Challenge -2012
Elgen Tech - next generation Waste Heat to Power plantRussianCarbonFund
Next generation Waste Heat to Power plant seeks for investment.
About 50% of generated industrial energy is lost via waste heat streams. Our team developed next generation organic Rankine cycle power generation unit which converts 100 – 500 C° temperature heat into electrical energy with record efficiency – 28% and lowest installed costs on the market – 1500 USD per 1 kW. Our team seeks for investment which will be matched by Skolkovo Foundation grant.
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Syllabus:
Availability and Irreversibility
Availability Function
Second Law Efficiencies
Work Potential Associated with Internal Energy
Waste Heat Recovery
Heat Losses – Quality vs. Quantity
Principle of Heat Recovery Units
Classification of WHRS on Temperature Range Bases
Commercial Viable Waste Heat Recovery Devices
Benefits of Waste Heat Recovery
Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System
Commercial Waste Heat Recovery Devices
West Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB)
Recuperators- Regenerative, Ceramic, Regenerative Heat Exchanger
Thermal wheel/ Heat Wheel
Heat Pipe
Economiser
Feed Water
Heat Pump
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchanger
Run-around coil
Direct Contact Heat Exchanger
Advantages and Limitations of WHRD’s
Water Efficiency in Thermal power PlantAtanu Maity
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF)
in its recent notification dated December 07, 2015 on
Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2015 have
notified the following:
I. All plants with Once Through Cooling (OTC) shall install Cooling Tower (CT) and achieve specific water consumption upto maximum of 3.5m3/MWh within a period of two years from the date of publication of this notification.
II. All existing CT-based plants shall have to reduce specific water consumption upto maximum of 3.5m3/MWh within a period of two years from the date of publication of this notification.
III. New plants to be installed after 1st January, 2017 shall have to meet specific water consumption upto maximum of 2.5 m3/MWh and achieve zero waste water discharged.
In light of the above a presentation on water consumption in cooling towers / Air Cooled Condensers and other comparisons.
Heat engines for 10th standard new syllabusSwasthik Udupa
Introduction to heat engines .Working of 4 stroke engines, 2 stroke engines, petrol engines, diesel engines. Some advantages and disadvantages of these engines.
Gas turbine is an important topic usually studied in mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, power plant engineering, electrical engineering, and some other related engineering branches. The gas turbine is an air breathing heat engine, said to be the heart of the power plant produces electric power, by burning of gas (or) liquid fuels along with fresh air. The fresh air performs two main functions in gas turbine. The fresh air acts as a cooling agent for various parts of the power plants and gives required amount of oxygen for combustion of fuel. Topics covered in the ppt
Gas Turbines: Simple gas turbine plant- Ideal cycle, closed cycle and open cycle for gas turbines Efficiency, work ratio and optimum pressure ratio for simple gas turbine cycle Parameters of performance- Actual cycle, regeneration, Inter-cooling and reheating. the topics covered are almost same in all the universities. some problems were discussed in each and concept to make them understand clearly.
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS 18ME42 Module 03: Vapour Power CyclesTHANMAY JS
Carnot vapour power cycle, drawbacks as a reference cycle.
Simple Rankine cycle; description, T-S diagram, analysis for performance.
Comparison of Carnot and Rankine cycles.
Effects of pressure and temperature on Rankine cycle performance.
Actual vapour power cycles.
Ideal and practical regenerative Rankine cycles, open and closed feed water heaters.
Reheat Rankine cycle.
Characteristics of an Ideal working fluid in vapour power cycles.
Steam Table, Superheated, steam table, Interpolation method
Pumps are used in virtually all industries and are big uses of energy. This presentation shows methods of condition monitoring and how to optimise time to overhaul.
Thermodynamic Simulation of Steam Power Cycles using GUIMatLab InterfacesIJERA Editor
Steam power cycles are constituted by a series of thermodynamic processes that aim convert the thermal energy of a fluid in mechanical work, which can then be transformed into electrical energy. There are many types of steam power cycles in the world, using various work fluids that may or may not undergo some change in their thermodynamic state. The Rankine Cycle is a steam power cycle that use usually water as work fluid to move turbines and produce work. Nowadays, this steam power cycle is the most used in thermoelectric plants to produce electricity. This work aims the creation of a program in MatLab software with an interface (Graphical Unit Interface, GUI) to simulate many configurations of Rankine cycles, providing to the user the values of the main parameters of these processes, that is: required heat in the boiler; work generated in the turbine; required work in the pumps and the thermal efficiency of the cycle. This program provides good results, showing that it can be used to improve the functions of the equipments in these thermodynamic cycles and to support the teaching disciplines of Applied Thermodynamic
PPTs covers portion of Unit 2 of Power Plant Engineering of Subject code ME6701.
PPTs covers Diesel Power Generation Plants, components, working principles of various system, advantages and disadvantagesand Comparision of various factors w.r.to Steam power Palnt, Diesel Plant, Nuclear, Hydraulic Power Plants.
Gas turbines, its cycle, working principles.
Combined Cycle Power plants.
Discussion on Brayton cycle, improvisions factors affecting effiencies.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. C0NTENTS-
KEYWORDS OF THE TOPIC
INTRODUCTION
COMPONENTS
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
DESCRIPTION
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS
EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
3. KEYWORDS OF THE TOPIC-
ORGANIC-Compounds which are mainly constituted of
carbon and hydrogen.
e.g.-Ethane(C2H6),Butane(C4H10),Benzene(C6H6)etc.
RANKINE CYCLE-It is the modification of carnot cycle. This is
currently used in power plants for power generation.
Regeneration and Superheating can also be
implemented to get more power output.
4. INTRODUCTION-
In order to utilize the waste heat,this cycle can be utilized.
The working fluids are R141,R134,R245,R290,R11,R12,R600
etc,which is to be forwarded to the expander.
This is a useful cycle since it converts low grade energy(heat)
to high grade energy(work).
5. COMPONENTS-
The main parts are
Evapourator
Expander
Condenser
Pump and Preheater
6. FUNCTION OF EACH PART-
COMPONENT FUNCTION
Evapourator Supplies the latent heat and vapourises
the working fluid.
Expander Converts enthalpy to mechanical work.
Condenser Lowers the temperature and converts the
vpaourised fluid to liquid.
Pump and preheater Increases the pressure and supplies heat.
10. Description-
Heating loop- An electric heater utilizing conductive oil is
meant for it, having capacity of 40KW.
There are four electrical heating rods.
The flow of conductive oil is controlled by axial pump.
ORC loop- It consists of a plunger pump,an evapourator,a
scroll type expander and a condenser.
The working fluid is R245 because of its better efficiency
and environmental performance.
11. Cooling loop- There is a cooling tower installed at roof top.
It is responsible to extract heat from condenser and rejects
to the environment.
The needle valve is used to adjust the mass flow rate of
cooling water.
Measurement Devices-
PARAMETER DEVICE
Temperature Thermocouple
Pressure Piezo-resistive pressure transmitter
Mass flow rate GPIS050(Flow transmitter)
Rotational speed Tachometer
14. THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS-
From T-s plot , we can get-
Heat transfer rate of evapourator = m(h1-h6) =Qevap.
Expander power output = m(h1-h2)
Pump shaft power = m(h6-h5)
Expander shaft power = (2π/60)×Mexp. × Nexp.
Isentropic efficiency of expander = ήise.exp. = (h1-h6)/(h1-h2s)
Generator mechanical efficiency = ήise.gen. = Wshaft. exp./Welectr. Exp.
Pump shaft power = m(h6-h5)
Isentropic efficiency of pump = ήise.pump = (h5s-h5)/(h6-h5)
Mechanical efficiency of pump = ήmech.pump. = m(h6-h5)/Welectr.pump
15. Back work ratio is the ratio between pump consumption to
electricity output.
Mathemetically, BWR =Welectr.pump / Welectr.expander.
Thermal efficiency = ήth =(Wsh. - Wpump.)/Qevap.
System Generating efficiency = ήele. =(Wel.exp. – Wel.pump)/ Qevap
16. EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS-
The parameters which were examined are-
Pressure Drop
Degree of Superheating
Condenser temperature
Pressure drop is the difference in pressure of evapourator and
condenser.
Degree of superheating refers to the difference of temperature of
working fluid at the inlet of expander and the saturated vapour
temperature, at same pressure.
23. CONCLUSION-
From the experiment, the behaviour of expander , pump and
condenser were examined under varying condition of
parameters.
The objective was to get the condition for maximum power
output.
The experiment was concerned to get at least 3KW power
considering errors in measurement.
24. REFERENCE-
C.P. Jawahar , R. Saravannan , J.C. Bruno , A. Coronas
S. peng , H. hong , H.G jin , Z.F. wang.
www.google.com
www.researchgate.net
Refrigeration and Air conditioning by C.P Arora
www.nptel.ac.in
www.scihub.cc
www.sciencedirect.com