Oracle is an Object-Relational Database Management System. It is the leading RDBMS vendor worldwide. Nearly half of RDBMS worldwide market is owned by Oracle.
This document discusses databases and their types. It defines data as raw facts without meaning, and information as processed data. A database is described as a collection of organized data that can be easily accessed and managed. The main types of databases discussed are operational databases for day-to-day operations, data warehouses for historical reports, external databases containing internet data, analytical databases for summarized insights, distributed databases across networked sites, end-user databases created locally, and cloud databases relying on remote technology. Advantages of databases include security, data sharing, redundancy elimination, and ensuring correctness and accuracy.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Microsoft Access. It discusses what Access is, when it should be used over Excel or SPSS, its advantages over other database management systems like Oracle, the structure of Access files, best practices for data storage and relationships, and how queries work. Resources for further learning about Access are also provided.
A database is an organized collection of related information stored electronically in a computer system. It consists of records, files and fields. Records contain fields, which are individual pieces of information. Databases are useful for organizing, sorting, analyzing and finding information efficiently. Common examples of databases include student records, library catalogs, phone books and more. When designing a database, the goals, types of information, field names and consistency should be determined.
This document provides an overview of databases. It defines a database as an organized collection of data and discusses the main types: flat file, relational, and RDBMS. Key concepts covered include fields, records, tables, relationships, normalization, relational algebra, and SQL. SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE are presented. The document also discusses database servers, concepts like primary and foreign keys, and designing reports with headers, footers and details.
This document discusses data independence in databases. It defines database schemas, including the internal, conceptual, and external schemas that make up the three-schema architecture. The database state and valid state are also defined. Logical data independence allows changes to the conceptual schema without changing external schemas or applications. Physical data independence allows changes to the internal schema without changing the conceptual schema. Both help ensure that changes to lower-level schemas do not require changes to higher-level schemas and applications.
Praveen Srivatsa discusses how SQL Server supports non-relational data like documents, images, and videos through features like XML, CLR, FileStream, and spatial data types. SQL Server can store relational and non-relational data together to enable integrated business scenarios. New data types like HierarchyID and improvements to XML and spatial data types in SQL Server 2008 help developers work with hierarchical and location-based data. SQL Server provides reliability, security, and programming interfaces for working with non-relational data alongside relational data and queries.
The document introduces basic concepts about using databases and SQL for campaigns including:
- Databases store related data in tables that can be queried using SQL statements like SELECT to retrieve and JOIN to combine data from multiple tables.
- Common database terms include tables, records, fields, primary keys, and SQL statements like SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and INSERT.
- The document provides examples of basic SELECT queries and directs readers to resources for installing a SQL client and learning more about SQL.
This document discusses databases and their types. It defines data as raw facts without meaning, and information as processed data. A database is described as a collection of organized data that can be easily accessed and managed. The main types of databases discussed are operational databases for day-to-day operations, data warehouses for historical reports, external databases containing internet data, analytical databases for summarized insights, distributed databases across networked sites, end-user databases created locally, and cloud databases relying on remote technology. Advantages of databases include security, data sharing, redundancy elimination, and ensuring correctness and accuracy.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Microsoft Access. It discusses what Access is, when it should be used over Excel or SPSS, its advantages over other database management systems like Oracle, the structure of Access files, best practices for data storage and relationships, and how queries work. Resources for further learning about Access are also provided.
A database is an organized collection of related information stored electronically in a computer system. It consists of records, files and fields. Records contain fields, which are individual pieces of information. Databases are useful for organizing, sorting, analyzing and finding information efficiently. Common examples of databases include student records, library catalogs, phone books and more. When designing a database, the goals, types of information, field names and consistency should be determined.
This document provides an overview of databases. It defines a database as an organized collection of data and discusses the main types: flat file, relational, and RDBMS. Key concepts covered include fields, records, tables, relationships, normalization, relational algebra, and SQL. SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE are presented. The document also discusses database servers, concepts like primary and foreign keys, and designing reports with headers, footers and details.
This document discusses data independence in databases. It defines database schemas, including the internal, conceptual, and external schemas that make up the three-schema architecture. The database state and valid state are also defined. Logical data independence allows changes to the conceptual schema without changing external schemas or applications. Physical data independence allows changes to the internal schema without changing the conceptual schema. Both help ensure that changes to lower-level schemas do not require changes to higher-level schemas and applications.
Praveen Srivatsa discusses how SQL Server supports non-relational data like documents, images, and videos through features like XML, CLR, FileStream, and spatial data types. SQL Server can store relational and non-relational data together to enable integrated business scenarios. New data types like HierarchyID and improvements to XML and spatial data types in SQL Server 2008 help developers work with hierarchical and location-based data. SQL Server provides reliability, security, and programming interfaces for working with non-relational data alongside relational data and queries.
The document introduces basic concepts about using databases and SQL for campaigns including:
- Databases store related data in tables that can be queried using SQL statements like SELECT to retrieve and JOIN to combine data from multiple tables.
- Common database terms include tables, records, fields, primary keys, and SQL statements like SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and INSERT.
- The document provides examples of basic SELECT queries and directs readers to resources for installing a SQL client and learning more about SQL.
This document provides an overview of databases and SQL. It defines a database as an organized collection of logically related data. It discusses different types of data and how data is transformed into information. The document also outlines the major components of SQL, including DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL statements. DDL is used to define the database structure, DML manages data, DCL controls privileges, and TCL manages transactions. Common SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE are also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of key database concepts including:
- The components of a database including fields, records, files and how they relate to tables and rows in a DBMS.
- Entity-Relationship modeling and the three basic relationship types.
- The normalization process which determines required tables and columns to reduce redundancy.
- How tables can be linked through primary and foreign keys.
- Structured Query Language (SQL) which is used to interact with database tables.
An application developer with over 25 years of experience designing and developing applications to import and export data between multiple platforms such as Oracle, SQL Server, and XML. Specializes in Extract, Transform, and Load processes and has a track record of successfully implementing complex data integration projects.
Object Relational Database Management System(ORDBMS)Rabin BK
The document discusses Object Relational Database Management Systems (ORDBMS). It defines an ORDBMS as a system that attempts to extend relational database systems with functionality to support a broader class of applications by providing a bridge between relational and object-oriented paradigms. This allows objects, classes and inheritance in database schemas and query languages. The document outlines some advantages of ORDBMS like reusability and preserving relational application knowledge, but also disadvantages like increased complexity. It also describes common OR operations like create, retrieve, update and delete objects, as well as Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) which converts data between incompatible type systems.
The document provides an overview of database concepts and fundamentals. It discusses what a database is, the difference between data and information, why databases are needed, and the purpose of database management systems in transforming data into information and knowledge. It also covers database definitions, types of databases, selecting a database system, database development steps, quality control, and data entry considerations.
This document discusses database management systems and their key characteristics. It describes the different data models used in databases, including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented models. It also explains the concept of data independence and how database management systems provide different views of data at the external, conceptual, and internal levels through their architecture.
An overview of the Database Management System, various uses and applications of database, internal architecture of popular RDBMS servers and thier features
This document defines basic database terminology and concepts. It describes key terms like database, tables, fields, records, cells, and objects. It also explains the differences between a database instance and schema. Additionally, it outlines the three schema architecture and how it provides data independence. Finally, it briefly discusses database system components, interfaces, utilities, and classification.
The document provides an introduction and overview of databases. It defines what a database is, distinguishes between data and information, and explains the purpose of database systems. It describes different types of databases, considerations for selecting a database management system, and key database concepts such as fields, records, tables, and relationships. The document also discusses quality control and includes an agenda for hands-on practice with database concepts and functions in Microsoft Access.
This document provides an overview of basic database concepts including:
- Definitions of data, information, and databases
- Components of database systems like users, software, hardware, and data
- Data models including entity-relationship, hierarchical, network, and relational models
- Database architecture types such as centralized, client-server, and distributed
- Advantages and disadvantages of database management systems
This document discusses the fundamentals of database systems. It outlines four key characteristics: the self-describing nature of databases through metadata stored in the DBMS catalog; insulation between programs and data through program-data independence; support of multiple views of data through user-specific subsets or views; and sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing through concurrency control in a multiuser environment.
Database is an organized collection of related data stored and accessed electronically. A database management system (DBMS) is a software application that interacts with users, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. The main components of a DBMS are data, software, hardware, personnel, and procedures. A DBMS provides features like data structuring, customization, retrieval, query languages, and multi-user access. The three main database models are hierarchical, network, and relational. A DBMS provides advantages like storing large amounts of information, sharing data, quick access, and increasing productivity while also having some disadvantages such as hardware/software costs and staff training.
Codd's 12 rules are a set of rules proposed by Edgar Codd to define what is required for a database management system to be considered relational. The rules include that all data must be represented in tables and columns, all data must be logically addressable, null values must be supported systematically, the database structure must be accessible through queries, and the system must support set-based operations like inserts, updates and deletes. The rules also require physical and logical independence between the application, data and constraints.
Database Systems - Introduction to Database Design (Chapter 4/1)Vidyasagar Mundroy
This document discusses database design techniques and includes the following key points:
- It introduces database design approaches, which include bottom-up and top-down design. These differ in whether they start with attributes or entity relationships.
- The three phases of database design are discussed: conceptual, which focuses on user requirements; logical, which develops the data model; and physical, which includes implementation details.
- Other topics covered include data modeling, entity relationship modeling, normalization, and the importance of proper database design for application performance, extensibility, data integrity and security.
Companies and institutions use database software to organize and integrate their data in a centralized location. A database allows different departments and users to efficiently access and share common information. Key benefits of a database approach include reducing data redundancy, avoiding inconsistencies, enabling data sharing, enforcing standards, applying security restrictions, and maintaining data integrity.
This document provides an overview of databases and Microsoft Access. It defines what a database is and its key components like fields, records and tables. It describes the two main types of databases: flat file and relational. The document outlines the main database objects in Access: tables, queries, forms and reports. It provides instructions on how to create a blank database or one using templates in Access. It also briefly discusses career opportunities in database administration.
This document summarizes the process of data mining Excel data using Microsoft Access and loading it into a MySQL database. It involves extracting data from an Excel sheet, transforming it by filtering, cleaning, and standardizing the data in Access, and then loading the transformed data into a MySQL database using various tools. Screenshots are provided to demonstrate each step of the ETL (extraction, transformation, loading) process, including importing the Excel data into an Access database, sorting and cleaning the data, and ultimately exporting an SQL file to load into a MySQL database hosted on a web server.
This document provides an introduction and overview of database systems. It defines what a database is and some common database models like relational databases. It describes some common applications of database systems like database management systems and database-driven websites. It also briefly discusses how the author gathered information about database systems through online searches and a general library webpage.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems and relational databases. It defines key concepts such as data, databases, DBMS, and relations. It describes the goals of a DBMS in providing an efficient environment for data access and security. The document outlines the benefits of a database approach in reducing redundancy and inconsistencies. It also discusses database architecture, schemas, and data independence. Entity-relationship modeling and normalization techniques for logical database design are introduced.
Prerequisies of DBMS
Course Objectives of DBMS
Syllabus
What is the meaning of data and database
DBMS
History of DBMS
Different Databases available in Market
Storage areas
Why to Learn DBMS?
Peoples who work with Databases
Applications of DBMS
Oracle Database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. Oracle Database was started in 1977 as Software Development Laboratories by Larry Ellison and others. Over time, Oracle released several major versions that added new functionality, such as Oracle 12c which was designed for cloud computing. A database server is the key to solving problems of information management by allowing storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data.
Oracle DBA Tutorial for Beginners -Oracle training institute in bangaloreTIB Academy
Get Oracle DBA Training through free Oracle DBA Tutorial, In this Oracle DBA Tutorial specially made for Beginners. You can download Oracle DBA Tutrial
This document provides an overview of databases and SQL. It defines a database as an organized collection of logically related data. It discusses different types of data and how data is transformed into information. The document also outlines the major components of SQL, including DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL statements. DDL is used to define the database structure, DML manages data, DCL controls privileges, and TCL manages transactions. Common SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE are also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of key database concepts including:
- The components of a database including fields, records, files and how they relate to tables and rows in a DBMS.
- Entity-Relationship modeling and the three basic relationship types.
- The normalization process which determines required tables and columns to reduce redundancy.
- How tables can be linked through primary and foreign keys.
- Structured Query Language (SQL) which is used to interact with database tables.
An application developer with over 25 years of experience designing and developing applications to import and export data between multiple platforms such as Oracle, SQL Server, and XML. Specializes in Extract, Transform, and Load processes and has a track record of successfully implementing complex data integration projects.
Object Relational Database Management System(ORDBMS)Rabin BK
The document discusses Object Relational Database Management Systems (ORDBMS). It defines an ORDBMS as a system that attempts to extend relational database systems with functionality to support a broader class of applications by providing a bridge between relational and object-oriented paradigms. This allows objects, classes and inheritance in database schemas and query languages. The document outlines some advantages of ORDBMS like reusability and preserving relational application knowledge, but also disadvantages like increased complexity. It also describes common OR operations like create, retrieve, update and delete objects, as well as Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) which converts data between incompatible type systems.
The document provides an overview of database concepts and fundamentals. It discusses what a database is, the difference between data and information, why databases are needed, and the purpose of database management systems in transforming data into information and knowledge. It also covers database definitions, types of databases, selecting a database system, database development steps, quality control, and data entry considerations.
This document discusses database management systems and their key characteristics. It describes the different data models used in databases, including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented models. It also explains the concept of data independence and how database management systems provide different views of data at the external, conceptual, and internal levels through their architecture.
An overview of the Database Management System, various uses and applications of database, internal architecture of popular RDBMS servers and thier features
This document defines basic database terminology and concepts. It describes key terms like database, tables, fields, records, cells, and objects. It also explains the differences between a database instance and schema. Additionally, it outlines the three schema architecture and how it provides data independence. Finally, it briefly discusses database system components, interfaces, utilities, and classification.
The document provides an introduction and overview of databases. It defines what a database is, distinguishes between data and information, and explains the purpose of database systems. It describes different types of databases, considerations for selecting a database management system, and key database concepts such as fields, records, tables, and relationships. The document also discusses quality control and includes an agenda for hands-on practice with database concepts and functions in Microsoft Access.
This document provides an overview of basic database concepts including:
- Definitions of data, information, and databases
- Components of database systems like users, software, hardware, and data
- Data models including entity-relationship, hierarchical, network, and relational models
- Database architecture types such as centralized, client-server, and distributed
- Advantages and disadvantages of database management systems
This document discusses the fundamentals of database systems. It outlines four key characteristics: the self-describing nature of databases through metadata stored in the DBMS catalog; insulation between programs and data through program-data independence; support of multiple views of data through user-specific subsets or views; and sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing through concurrency control in a multiuser environment.
Database is an organized collection of related data stored and accessed electronically. A database management system (DBMS) is a software application that interacts with users, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. The main components of a DBMS are data, software, hardware, personnel, and procedures. A DBMS provides features like data structuring, customization, retrieval, query languages, and multi-user access. The three main database models are hierarchical, network, and relational. A DBMS provides advantages like storing large amounts of information, sharing data, quick access, and increasing productivity while also having some disadvantages such as hardware/software costs and staff training.
Codd's 12 rules are a set of rules proposed by Edgar Codd to define what is required for a database management system to be considered relational. The rules include that all data must be represented in tables and columns, all data must be logically addressable, null values must be supported systematically, the database structure must be accessible through queries, and the system must support set-based operations like inserts, updates and deletes. The rules also require physical and logical independence between the application, data and constraints.
Database Systems - Introduction to Database Design (Chapter 4/1)Vidyasagar Mundroy
This document discusses database design techniques and includes the following key points:
- It introduces database design approaches, which include bottom-up and top-down design. These differ in whether they start with attributes or entity relationships.
- The three phases of database design are discussed: conceptual, which focuses on user requirements; logical, which develops the data model; and physical, which includes implementation details.
- Other topics covered include data modeling, entity relationship modeling, normalization, and the importance of proper database design for application performance, extensibility, data integrity and security.
Companies and institutions use database software to organize and integrate their data in a centralized location. A database allows different departments and users to efficiently access and share common information. Key benefits of a database approach include reducing data redundancy, avoiding inconsistencies, enabling data sharing, enforcing standards, applying security restrictions, and maintaining data integrity.
This document provides an overview of databases and Microsoft Access. It defines what a database is and its key components like fields, records and tables. It describes the two main types of databases: flat file and relational. The document outlines the main database objects in Access: tables, queries, forms and reports. It provides instructions on how to create a blank database or one using templates in Access. It also briefly discusses career opportunities in database administration.
This document summarizes the process of data mining Excel data using Microsoft Access and loading it into a MySQL database. It involves extracting data from an Excel sheet, transforming it by filtering, cleaning, and standardizing the data in Access, and then loading the transformed data into a MySQL database using various tools. Screenshots are provided to demonstrate each step of the ETL (extraction, transformation, loading) process, including importing the Excel data into an Access database, sorting and cleaning the data, and ultimately exporting an SQL file to load into a MySQL database hosted on a web server.
This document provides an introduction and overview of database systems. It defines what a database is and some common database models like relational databases. It describes some common applications of database systems like database management systems and database-driven websites. It also briefly discusses how the author gathered information about database systems through online searches and a general library webpage.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems and relational databases. It defines key concepts such as data, databases, DBMS, and relations. It describes the goals of a DBMS in providing an efficient environment for data access and security. The document outlines the benefits of a database approach in reducing redundancy and inconsistencies. It also discusses database architecture, schemas, and data independence. Entity-relationship modeling and normalization techniques for logical database design are introduced.
Prerequisies of DBMS
Course Objectives of DBMS
Syllabus
What is the meaning of data and database
DBMS
History of DBMS
Different Databases available in Market
Storage areas
Why to Learn DBMS?
Peoples who work with Databases
Applications of DBMS
Oracle Database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. Oracle Database was started in 1977 as Software Development Laboratories by Larry Ellison and others. Over time, Oracle released several major versions that added new functionality, such as Oracle 12c which was designed for cloud computing. A database server is the key to solving problems of information management by allowing storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data.
Oracle DBA Tutorial for Beginners -Oracle training institute in bangaloreTIB Academy
Get Oracle DBA Training through free Oracle DBA Tutorial, In this Oracle DBA Tutorial specially made for Beginners. You can download Oracle DBA Tutrial
The Oracle Applications database contains various objects like tables, views, indexes, and sequences across multiple schemas. Key schemas include APPS for common objects and product-specific schemas. Oracle database features such as query optimization, partitioning, and Real Application Clusters are used. Scripts in the database ORACLE_HOME directory are used to start and stop database processes.
The document discusses Oracle, a relational database management system. It describes Oracle's universal server, workgroup server, and personal versions. It also outlines Oracle's product line, including SQL, SQL*Plus, PL/SQL, and tools for development, manufacturing, financial, and customer relationship management applications. Client-server architecture with Oracle is reviewed, including two-tier and three-tier approaches connected via SQL*Net networking software.
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Compare the capabilities of the Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Serv.pdfarihantplastictanksh
Compare the capabilities of the Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle’s MySQL, and
Oracle relational database management systems (RDBMSs). Your paper should discuss the
processing speeds, data storage capabilities, maximum users supported, platforms supported,
user interfaces, development tools, vendor support, and cost. Discuss and cite at least two
references in addition to our textbook. Your paper should be 3-5 pages in length (excluding title
and References pages)
Solution
Microsoft Access
Overview:
Microsoft Access is a part of Microsoft Office,
it is commercially available database in the market
Inexpensive/standard on most computers
users can create complex databases
database professionalas can use construct a database
customers of MS-Access:
It is mainly used in small corporate companies or IT Sectors with 1-80 endusers.
Features of MS-Access:
1.It is having GUI Interface for creating databases
2. A databae contains tables, forms, reports, queries, macros.
3. It facilitates autocontent wizards to build tables or forms or reports.
4. It acts as an interface to other DBMS using ODBC
5. It is used for small business companies
6. Provides security like password protection
7. Provides a Data dictionary
8. We can repair the database
9. We can create different views
10. External data can be imported into Access
11. We can create web pages based using the database
12. It has as built in Macro functions
13. It uses Structurered Query Language
14. We can create forms, reports etc by using Visual Basic Application programming
15. Provides Add in controls like calendars
16. It can merged into word and analysed with Excel etc.
Issues:
Security:
User level security is very difficult
Tuning:
It does not have the ability to split over multiple Hard Drives, multiple CPUs or to place tables
into memory.
Locking:
Basic handling of concurrent users Backup and recovery at basic level.
ANSI SQL standard often doesn\'t work,MS-Access has it\'s own modified version of ANSI
SQL.
MySQL
Overview
MySQL is a database engine. It has a command line interface that allows the creation of
database. It Requires Front-end applications to access it for end users. EX:- C#, PHP, Microsoft
ASP.Net.
Typical users
Small companies or workgroups, through to very large Internet databases with large numbers of
users
Ex:wikipedia,Moodle.
Features
1. Speed:One of the fastest databases available
2. Ease of use: when compared to larger databases such as Oracle Uses standard SQL
3. Capability: A multi-threaded server allowing many clients to connect at the same time Fully
networked for the Internet with built in security
4.Portability: Runs on a many operating systems and different hardware
5. Small size: when compared to other large databases e.g. Oracle
6. Availabliity and Cost: Open Source ,Free in most situations to use
7. Open distribution and source code: You can check how it works – if you have the knowledge.
8. interface to other DBMS’s using Open Database Connectivit.
The document discusses databases and database management systems (DBMS) and relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key terms like data, information, databases, DBMS, RDBMS and provides examples. It also summarizes the differences between DBMS and RDBMS and lists some popular RDBMS like Oracle, SQL Server, and Access. The document then focuses on Oracle, providing details on its components, tools and applications.
This document provides an overview of the basic architecture and terminology of SQL Server. It discusses the three main components: 1) the relational engine, which handles query processing, memory management, and other tasks; 2) the storage engine, which manages storage and retrieval of data to disk in the form of data files and log files; and 3) the SQL operating system, which acts as an interface between SQL Server and the host machine's operating system, handling services like memory management. The document serves as an introduction to SQL Server architecture for beginners by defining common terminology.
The document describes the architecture of Oracle 11g. It discusses the key components of an Oracle instance which includes the System Global Area (SGA) and background processes. The SGA is made up of several memory structures like the shared pool, database buffer cache, and redo log buffer. The document also describes the various mandatory and optional background processes like DBWR, LGWR, SMON, PMON and their functions.
A world's one of the first complete Online Web-based Development Frameworks to develop and deploy Decision Support Systems, Knowledge-based systems, Web-sites and Applications backed by Expert System, Case-Based Reasoning and Hybrid AI Technologies
A Survey And Comparison Of Relational And Non-Relational DatabaseKarla Adamson
This document provides a summary and comparison of relational and non-relational databases. It begins with an introduction describing the purpose and organization. The main sections describe the key aspects of relational databases, including their structure, tools like MySQL and Oracle, and shortcomings. Non-relational databases are then described, including different types (document stores, key-value stores, etc.), advantages over relational databases, and their own shortcomings. Comparisons are drawn between relational and non-relational databases and their common tools.
Oracle was founded in 1977 as Software Development Laboratories by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Oates. It released its flagship product, the Oracle Database, which is a relational database management system. The Oracle Database stores data in tables, which can be indexed for faster data retrieval. It uses SQL for querying, manipulating, and defining the database structure. Oracle Database has become one of the most popular database technologies in the world.
Oracle was founded in 1977 as Software Development Laboratories by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Oates. It released its flagship product, the Oracle Database, which is a relational database management system. The Oracle Database stores data in tables, which can be indexed for faster data retrieval. It uses SQL for querying, manipulating, and defining the database structure. Oracle Database has become one of the most popular database technologies in the world.
MS SQL Server is a database server produced by Microsoft that enables users to write and execute SQL queries and statements. It consists of several features like Query Analyzer, Profiler, and Service Manager. Multiple instances of SQL Server can be installed on a machine, with each instance having its own set of users, databases, and other objects. SQL Server uses data files, filegroups, and transaction logs to store database objects and record transactions. The data dictionary contains metadata about database schemas and is stored differently in Oracle and SQL Server.
This document summarizes key observations and annotations made while working with Oracle 10g in a database lab. It describes how to create tables and insert, update, and delete records using SQL. It also covers integrity constraints, aggregate functions, and join operations in Oracle 10g. The annotations provide helpful tips for defining schemas, allowing and handling null values, adding constraints, and renaming columns - which will assist students and others working with Oracle 10g.
The document discusses various disaster recovery strategies for SQL Server including failover clustering, database mirroring, and peer-to-peer transactional replication. It provides advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It also outlines the steps to configure replication for Always On Availability Groups which involves setting up publications and subscriptions, configuring the availability group, and redirecting the original publisher to the listener name.
This document provides a collection of 17 frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Oracle database concepts. It includes concise definitions and explanations of key terms such as Oracle, Oracle database, Oracle instance, parameter file, system global area, program global area, user account, schema, user role, and more. It also provides sample scripts and is intended as a learning and interview preparation guide for Oracle DBAs.
This chapter covers the following:
- What is SQL
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SQL Server 2000 Research Series - Architecture OverviewJerry Yang
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This document provides an overview of Microsoft Business Intelligence tools including SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS), SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS), and SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS). It discusses how these tools are used to extract, transform, and load data from various sources into a centralized data warehouse for analysis and reporting. It also provides brief descriptions of the key features and functions of each tool in the reporting development lifecycle.
Inheritance and Polymorphism. Before we move on, let's discuss another important concept in programming: Object inheritance and polymorphism. ... A class that is inherited is called a super class, or parent class. Sub classes can define their own unique behavior, yet share functionality of the parent class.
In Hive, tables and databases are created first and then data is loaded into these tables.
Hive as data warehouse designed for managing and querying only structured data that is stored in tables.
While dealing with structured data, Map Reduce doesn't have optimization and usability features like UDFs but Hive framework does.
Polymorphism is the concept that different objects have different implementations of the same characteristic and Interfaces provide early binding to an object, which can greatly improve performance and also provide type protection at compile time
The buffer manager is the software layer that is responsible for bringing pages from physical disk to main memory as needed. The buffer manages the available main memory by dividing the main memory into a collection of pages, which we called as buffer pool. The main memory pages in the buffer pool are called frames.
Unit testing is often automated but it can also be done manually. Debugging is a process of line by line execution of the code/ script with the intent of finding errors/ fixing the defects.
System Testing. SYSTEM TESTING is a level of software testing where a complete and integrated software is tested. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system's compliance with the specified requirements. system testing: The process of testing an integrated system to verify that it meets specified requirements.
This document discusses various data mining techniques, including verification driven techniques where the user formulates hypotheses to test on data, and discovery driven techniques where the system automatically discovers patterns. It describes specific discovery techniques like association rule mining to find related items, clustering to group similar data, detecting frequent episodes in time sequences, and finding deviations. It also mentions neural networks and genetic algorithms, which are inspired by biological systems, as techniques that can model complex patterns in data.
This document discusses the key services provided by operating systems. It states that operating systems provide an environment for program execution and various services to programs and users. Some main services mentioned include a user interface, program execution support, input/output operations, file system management, communication between processes, error detection and handling, resource allocation, accounting, and protection. The document provides details on each of these services.
This document discusses Java packages and interfaces. It explains that packages organize Java files into directories based on functionality, and interfaces define collections of abstract methods that classes can implement. The document also covers importing packages, implementing interfaces, nested interfaces, and interfaces extending other interfaces.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
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2. Oracle
A database is a collection of Data
(Information). Examples of databases, which we use
in our daily life, is an Attendance Register, Telephone
Directory, Muster Rule.
Database Management System(DBMS): A database
management system is a collection of programs written
to manage a database. That is, it acts as a interface
between user and database.
3. Database Design and Querying tool
Oracle provide a variety of tools for database
design,querying,report generation and data
analysis,including OLAP.
Database design tools:
This tools for various aspects of application
development,including tools for form development,data
modeling,reporting and querying.
Querying tools:
It allows users to drillup and drill down,pivot points
data,store calculation.It support a wide variety of analytical
queries as well as forecasting,modelling and scenario
management.
4. SQL Variation and extensions
Oracle supports the OLAP operations and large
number of other language.
Example:
Connect by,which is a form of tree traversal that
allows transitive closer style calculation in a single
SQL statement.
Upsert and Multitable inserts.The upsert operation
combines update and insert and is useful for merging
new data with old data in data warehouse applications.
5. Object Relational Features
Object types:A single inheritance model is supported for type hierarchies.
Collection Types:Oracle supports varrays which are variable length arrays
and nested tables.
Object tables:These are used to store objects while providing a relational
view of the attributes of the object.
Table function:These are functions that produce set of rows as output and
can be used in the from clause of a query.
Object view:These provides a virtual object table vieew of data stored in a
regular relational table.
Methods:These can be written in PL/SQL,Java,or C.
User-defined aggregate functions:These can be used in SQL statement in
the same way as build in function such as sum and count.
XML data types:These can be used to store and index XML documents.
6. Triggers
Trigger that execute on DML statement such as
insert,update and delete.
Oracle supports row trigger and statemnet trigger.
Row trigger execute once for every row that is affected
by the DML operation.
The statement trigger is execute just once per
statement.
7. Query processing and Optimization
Execution method:
Full table scan
Index scan
Index fast full scan
Index join
Cluster and hash cluster access
8. System Architecture
Dedicted server:memory structures
The memory used by oracle mainly
into three categories:software code areas,the
system global area,program global area.
Major structure includes:
Buffer cache
Redo log buffer
Shared pool
9. Dedicated server:Process structure
There are two types of process that execute oracle
server code:Server process that process SQL
statement and background process that performs
various administrative and performance relatedd tasks
Database writter
Log writter
Check point
System moniter
Process moniter
Recoverer
Archiver
10. Replication:
Oracle supports the several types of replication.
The simple form of replication is snapshots.The snapshot
does not have to contain all the master table,that supports
two types of snapshots:read only and updatable.
Distributed database:
It supports queries and transaction spanning multiple
database on different system.Oracle has to be build in
capability to optimize a query that includes tables at
different sites,retrive the relevant data and return the local
query.
11. External data sources:
Oracle has several mechanism for supporting external
data sources.The most common usage in data warehousing
when large amount of data are regularly loaded from a
transactional system.
SQL*loader:
Oracle has a direct load utility,SQL*loader, that
supports fast parallel loads of large amount of data from
externl files.It support a variety of data formats and its
perform various filtering operations on the data being
loaded.