Or tybms
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•64 views
The document contains three operations research problems involving linear programming and transportation problems. Problem 1 involves maximizing total profit from manufacturing two products with machine hour constraints. Problem 2 involves finding the optimal transportation schedule to maximize total profit from supplying three markets from three warehouses. Problem 3 involves finding the optimal assignment of four clerks to four jobs to minimize total cost.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Simrat kaur
The document discusses choosing the best investment plan for leasing a distribution center space in Johannesburg, South Africa for the next three years. It considers fluctuating spare parts demand and real estate prices. The optimal solution is a flexible lease that allows modifying leased space annually based on actual business needs, reducing costs of unused space compared to a fixed long-term lease. Projections show the flexible lease performs better economically in 3 of 4 scenarios and limits losses if demand is lower than expected.
Q1 provide example of one saudi company and analyze two examples o
This document contains 5 questions regarding organizational strategies, cost analysis, and process costing. Question 1 asks for an example of a Saudi company and analysis of two organizational strategies. Question 2 provides cost and production data for Abdulkrim Company and asks to compute a cost function using the high-low method. Question 3 provides sales, cost, and fixed cost data for Hashim Corporation and asks to calculate operating leverage, margin of safety in units, and margin of safety in revenues. Question 4 asks for a numerical example of overhead allocation for a job. Question 5 asks to discuss the concept of equivalent units in process costing and provide a numerical example.
Isocost Line
An isocost line graphically represents combinations of two factors, like labor and capital, that a firm can purchase with a given total budget. It is expressed mathematically as C = wL + rK, where C is the cost, w is the wage, L is labor, r is the interest rate, and K is capital. The slope of the isocost line equals the ratio of input prices. An isocost line can shift if the total budget or input prices change. An increased budget shifts the line parallel to the right, while higher input prices rotate the line clockwise or counterclockwise depending on which input's price increased.
Knowledge level-management information-nov-dec-2013
Knowledge level management information-nov-dec-2013 Question Knowledge level management information nov-dec 2013 ICAB
Isoquants
An isoquant is a contour line that connects all combinations of two or more inputs that produce the same level of output. It shows the marginal rate of substitution between inputs as the quantity of one input increases and the other decreases while holding output constant. The marginal rate of substitution is the rate at which one input can be substituted for another while maintaining the same level of production. Isoquants illustrate the law of diminishing returns and isoquant maps show different levels of output production. Isoquants are combined with isocost lines, which represent combinations of inputs that can be purchased at a given cost, to determine the least-cost combination of inputs.
Isocost.2
This document discusses different concepts in production economics including isocosts, least-cost input combinations, and returns to scale. It defines isocosts as cost curves that represent combinations of inputs that cost the same amount. Least-cost combinations are determined by superimposing isocost and isoquant curves to find points of tangency. Returns to scale refer to how output changes with proportional input changes. Constant returns mean output doubles with doubled inputs. Decreasing returns mean less than doubled output, while increasing returns mean more than doubled output.
Isoquant
An isoquant shows the various combinations of two inputs that can be used to produce the same quantity of output. Isoquants are typically drawn on graphs showing the tradeoff between capital and labor. An isoquant map combines multiple isoquants, each representing a different output quantity, and can indicate whether a production function exhibits increasing, decreasing, or constant returns to scale based on the distances between isoquants. Economies of scale exist when increasing all inputs results in a proportionately higher output, while diseconomies of scale occur when output increases by less than the proportional increase in inputs.
Class 3 isocosts & isoquants
This document discusses isoquants and isocosts. It defines isoquants as curves that represent combinations of two input factors that produce the same quantity of output. Any point on an isoquant curve represents an equal level of output. Isoquants are downward sloping and convex to the origin. Isocosts represent combinations of inputs that cost the same total amount. They are straight lines that get farther from the origin as total cost increases. Isoquants and isocosts show the relationship between inputs and equal levels of output or cost.
Recommended
Simrat kaur
The document discusses choosing the best investment plan for leasing a distribution center space in Johannesburg, South Africa for the next three years. It considers fluctuating spare parts demand and real estate prices. The optimal solution is a flexible lease that allows modifying leased space annually based on actual business needs, reducing costs of unused space compared to a fixed long-term lease. Projections show the flexible lease performs better economically in 3 of 4 scenarios and limits losses if demand is lower than expected.
Q1 provide example of one saudi company and analyze two examples o
This document contains 5 questions regarding organizational strategies, cost analysis, and process costing. Question 1 asks for an example of a Saudi company and analysis of two organizational strategies. Question 2 provides cost and production data for Abdulkrim Company and asks to compute a cost function using the high-low method. Question 3 provides sales, cost, and fixed cost data for Hashim Corporation and asks to calculate operating leverage, margin of safety in units, and margin of safety in revenues. Question 4 asks for a numerical example of overhead allocation for a job. Question 5 asks to discuss the concept of equivalent units in process costing and provide a numerical example.
Isocost Line
An isocost line graphically represents combinations of two factors, like labor and capital, that a firm can purchase with a given total budget. It is expressed mathematically as C = wL + rK, where C is the cost, w is the wage, L is labor, r is the interest rate, and K is capital. The slope of the isocost line equals the ratio of input prices. An isocost line can shift if the total budget or input prices change. An increased budget shifts the line parallel to the right, while higher input prices rotate the line clockwise or counterclockwise depending on which input's price increased.
Knowledge level-management information-nov-dec-2013
Knowledge level management information-nov-dec-2013 Question Knowledge level management information nov-dec 2013 ICAB
Isoquants
An isoquant is a contour line that connects all combinations of two or more inputs that produce the same level of output. It shows the marginal rate of substitution between inputs as the quantity of one input increases and the other decreases while holding output constant. The marginal rate of substitution is the rate at which one input can be substituted for another while maintaining the same level of production. Isoquants illustrate the law of diminishing returns and isoquant maps show different levels of output production. Isoquants are combined with isocost lines, which represent combinations of inputs that can be purchased at a given cost, to determine the least-cost combination of inputs.
Isocost.2
This document discusses different concepts in production economics including isocosts, least-cost input combinations, and returns to scale. It defines isocosts as cost curves that represent combinations of inputs that cost the same amount. Least-cost combinations are determined by superimposing isocost and isoquant curves to find points of tangency. Returns to scale refer to how output changes with proportional input changes. Constant returns mean output doubles with doubled inputs. Decreasing returns mean less than doubled output, while increasing returns mean more than doubled output.
Isoquant
An isoquant shows the various combinations of two inputs that can be used to produce the same quantity of output. Isoquants are typically drawn on graphs showing the tradeoff between capital and labor. An isoquant map combines multiple isoquants, each representing a different output quantity, and can indicate whether a production function exhibits increasing, decreasing, or constant returns to scale based on the distances between isoquants. Economies of scale exist when increasing all inputs results in a proportionately higher output, while diseconomies of scale occur when output increases by less than the proportional increase in inputs.
Class 3 isocosts & isoquants
This document discusses isoquants and isocosts. It defines isoquants as curves that represent combinations of two input factors that produce the same quantity of output. Any point on an isoquant curve represents an equal level of output. Isoquants are downward sloping and convex to the origin. Isocosts represent combinations of inputs that cost the same total amount. They are straight lines that get farther from the origin as total cost increases. Isoquants and isocosts show the relationship between inputs and equal levels of output or cost.
Paper
The document contains a practice exam for an Operations Research course. It has two sections - Section A with short answer questions and Section B with longer questions involving calculations. Section A covers topics like linear programming, transportation problems, game theory, PERT/CPM. Section B questions involve using the simplex method to solve a linear program, analyzing OR models and properties, solving a transportation problem to minimize distance, and constructing a CPM network for a project with activities. Students must answer one question from each of the four units which cover linear programming, transportation/assignment problems, queuing theory, and project management techniques like CPM/PERT.
Iso quants
The presentation on An isoquant. It is the locus of all the combinations of two factors of production that yield the same level of output. Also here some short brief discussion has been highlighted about the isoquant curve, iso-costs line, and returns to scale.
Isoquant and isocost
This document discusses production functions and isoquants, which show the different combinations of inputs that can produce the same level of output. It provides an example production function table and corresponding isoquant graph for a firm using capital and labor. The key points are:
1) Isoquants depict combinations of inputs that produce the same output amount and slope downward, showing substitutability between inputs while holding output constant.
2) Farther isoquants represent higher output levels. Isoquants do not intersect as each represents a unique output level.
3) Isoquants are usually convex, meaning the ability of inputs to substitute for each other decreases as more of one input is used.
Isoquants and its properties
The document discusses production functions and isoquants. It defines production, fixed and variable inputs, short run and long run periods. Isoquants represent combinations of two inputs that produce the same output level. Isoquants have specific properties - they are negatively sloped, convex to the origin, and do not intersect. Isocost lines show combinations of inputs that can be purchased for a given cost. Producers aim to maximize output for a given cost or minimize cost for a given output level by equating marginal rate of technical substitution to factor price ratios.
Presentation on Iso quants
This document summarizes key concepts in microeconomics including:
- Production functions relate quantities of inputs to output
- Isoquants represent combinations of inputs that produce the same output level
- Marginal rate of technical substitution is the rate at which one input can be substituted for another without changing output
- Economic regions of production define where isoquants have positive or negative sloping segments
- Isocost lines show combinations of inputs that can be purchased with a given budget
- Firms seek to produce at the optimal, least-cost combination of inputs given prices and production possibilities
- Expansion paths illustrate how firms adjust input mixes as output increases at minimum cost.
Isoquants
The document discusses isoquant curves and isocost curves.
1. An isoquant curve shows all the combinations of two inputs that can produce the same level of output. It assumes inputs are substitutable to some degree in production.
2. An isocost curve connects all combinations of two inputs that can be purchased with a given budget or expenditure level, based on the prices of the inputs.
3. Firms use isoquant and isocost curves to determine the most cost-effective combination of inputs to achieve a given output level.
Isoquant
This document defines and explains isoquants. It states that an isoquant indicates various combinations of two factors of production, such as capital and labor, that produce the same level of output. It represents the substitution rate between inputs needed to maintain a given level of production. An isoquant curve shows all the possible combinations of two variable inputs that will produce the same quantity of total product.
#13 costs and pricing strategy
The document outlines costs and pricing strategy for a product or service. It explains that the price charged to customers must be higher than the costs to produce and deliver the product or service. As an example, it provides details on the costs to produce and package styrofoam insulation including materials, labeling, packaging and shipping. It calculates the total cost per unit and proposes setting the sales price high enough to achieve a 50% profit margin.
8 productionpart2
This document discusses production with two variable inputs - labor and capital. It covers isoquants, which show combinations of inputs that produce a given output level, and isocost lines, which show combinations that have the same total cost. Least-cost combinations occur where isoquants are tangent to isocost lines. The concepts of increasing, decreasing and constant returns to scale based on the relationship between input and output percentage changes are also introduced. Special production function cases of perfect substitutes and complements are described.
ISOQUANTS OR EQUAL PRODUCT CURVES
Isoquants, or equal product curves, represent different combinations of factor inputs that produce the same level of output. An isoquant schedule shows that factor combinations A (1 unit of X and 9 units of Y), B (2 units of X and 6 units of Y), C (3 units of X and 4 units of Y), and D (4 units of X and 3 units of Y) all produce 20 units of output. Plotting these points on a graph with X on the x-axis and Y on the y-axis connects them to form an isoquant curve representing 20 units of output. Isoquants imply factor substitutability, as different combinations of inputs can produce the same output level. The marginal
ISOCOST & LEAST COST COMBINATION-CS.FINAL YEAR
Dr. K. Baranidharan's presentation discusses isocosts and least-cost combinations of inputs. Isocosts refer to cost curves that represent combinations of inputs that cost the same amount to produce a given output level. As output levels change, total costs change and isocost curves shift upwards. Least-cost combinations can be determined by using isocost and isoquant curves, where the slope of the isoquant equals the slope of the isocost curve at the point of minimum total cost of production. The presentation includes examples of isocost curves costing Rs. 1 lakh, Rs. 1.5 lakh and Rs. 2 lakh for output levels between 20,000
Isoquants ppt
Isoquants represent combinations of inputs that produce the same level of output. They have several key properties:
1. Isoquants slope downward, meaning more of one input requires less of the other to maintain output.
2. They are convex to the origin, due to decreasing marginal rates of technical substitution between inputs as one is increased relative to the other.
3. Isoquants never intersect, as that would represent one combination producing two output levels. Higher isoquants correspond to higher output levels.
Micro economics 3
The document discusses production functions and costs. It defines production functions as relating physical output to inputs like labor and capital. Production functions can be expressed as short-run or long-run depending on whether inputs are fixed or variable. The document also discusses laws of returns like increasing, decreasing, and constant returns. Isoquants and isocost curves are presented, where isoquants show input combinations for a given output and isocost curves show input combinations at a given cost.
Producer equilibrium
Producer equilibrium is reached when a firm produces at the lowest possible cost, by combining inputs at the point where the isoquant curve is tangent to the isocost line. This occurs when the marginal rate of technical substitution is equal to the ratio of input prices. It represents the maximum level of output and profit. Producer equilibrium can be analyzed graphically using isoquant and isocost curves, where the point of tangency indicates the combination of inputs that minimizes cost at a given output.
Business economics production analysis
The document discusses several key concepts in production analysis:
1. It defines production functions, marginal product, average product, and the law of diminishing returns. Marginal product refers to the change in output from a small change in one input.
2. It explains the relationships between total, average, and marginal productivity and how marginal productivity initially increases and then decreases.
3. There is a distinction made between short and long run periods of production - in the short run some inputs can be varied, while in the long run all inputs can be varied.
4. The concepts of economies of scale, isoquants, and marginal rate of technical substitution are also introduced at a high level.
Isocost
The document discusses isoquants and isocost curves. An isoquant shows the different combinations of two inputs, like labor and capital, that produce the same level of output. An isocost curve shows the combinations of inputs that can be purchased at a given total cost, given input prices. Together, isoquants and isocost curves can be used to find the cost-minimizing combination of inputs for a given level of output. The point where the isoquant is tangent to the isocost curve indicates the lowest cost combination.
Production cost
Production costs refer to the total expenses incurred from manufacturing a product or providing a service. They include direct costs like materials and labor as well as overhead costs.
There are three types of production costs: fixed costs which do not vary with output like rent, variable costs which vary with output like raw materials, and total costs which is the sum of fixed and variable costs.
Understanding short-run and long-run average cost curves can provide insight into a firm's costs. The long-run average cost curve shows minimum possible average costs at all output levels if all inputs can be varied. Each point on the curve represents an optimal combination of inputs. Short-run average cost curves represent when capital is fixed, so
Iso quants
The document discusses iso-quants, which represent combinations of two inputs that produce the same level of output. Iso-quant curves slope downward and are convex, showing efficient combinations of inputs. The marginal rate of technical substitution measures how one input can substitute for another while maintaining output. Iso-product schedules and maps show multiple iso-quant curves representing different output levels. Iso-cost lines represent combinations of inputs a producer can acquire given their budget at fixed input prices.
Unit 2 c
1. The document discusses production and costs faced by firms. It defines production and the different types of inputs used, including fixed and variable inputs.
2. It explains the concept of production functions, which show the maximum output achievable from different input combinations. Production functions can have one or two variable inputs, corresponding to short and long run analyses.
3. The law of variable proportions is described, where marginal and average product initially increase with more of a variable input but eventually diminish, leading to stages of increasing, diminishing, and negative returns. Graphs demonstrate these relationships between total, marginal, and average product curves.
Ddb29 ccceba547209ddab45a17330016
This document contains information about an operations research exam including:
1) Two questions about formulating mathematical models for optimization problems involving animal feed mixtures and solving a linear programming problem.
2) Two questions about assigning jobs to mechanics to maximize return and solving a transportation problem to minimize costs.
3) Two questions involving determining optimal job sequences to minimize time and performing a critical path analysis on a project with activity times.
4) Two questions about determining optimum order levels and production quantities to minimize inventory and shortage costs.
5) A question about determining performance measures for a tax consulting firm with Poisson arrivals and exponential service times.
6) Two questions involving solving a two-player zero-sum game using dominance rules
30 model questions OR
This document contains 30 multiple choice and numerical questions related to quantitative techniques in management. The questions are organized into 5 units: (1) Introduction to Operations Research, (2) Linear Programming, (3) Assignment Problem, (4) Sequencing Problem, and (5) Replacement Problem. The questions cover topics such as linear programming, transportation problems, queuing theory, project management, and replacement analysis. Sample questions include formulating linear programming models, solving transportation problems, analyzing queuing systems, and determining optimal replacement times for equipment.
_LPP.pdf
The document discusses linear programming problems and provides examples of linear programming formulations for problems in production allocation, diet planning, transportation, and more. Several examples illustrate how to model problems as linear programs to maximize profit or minimize costs while satisfying various constraints. Graphical and algebraic solution methods for linear programs are also presented.
More Related Content
What's hot
Paper
The document contains a practice exam for an Operations Research course. It has two sections - Section A with short answer questions and Section B with longer questions involving calculations. Section A covers topics like linear programming, transportation problems, game theory, PERT/CPM. Section B questions involve using the simplex method to solve a linear program, analyzing OR models and properties, solving a transportation problem to minimize distance, and constructing a CPM network for a project with activities. Students must answer one question from each of the four units which cover linear programming, transportation/assignment problems, queuing theory, and project management techniques like CPM/PERT.
Iso quants
The presentation on An isoquant. It is the locus of all the combinations of two factors of production that yield the same level of output. Also here some short brief discussion has been highlighted about the isoquant curve, iso-costs line, and returns to scale.
Isoquant and isocost
This document discusses production functions and isoquants, which show the different combinations of inputs that can produce the same level of output. It provides an example production function table and corresponding isoquant graph for a firm using capital and labor. The key points are:
1) Isoquants depict combinations of inputs that produce the same output amount and slope downward, showing substitutability between inputs while holding output constant.
2) Farther isoquants represent higher output levels. Isoquants do not intersect as each represents a unique output level.
3) Isoquants are usually convex, meaning the ability of inputs to substitute for each other decreases as more of one input is used.
Isoquants and its properties
The document discusses production functions and isoquants. It defines production, fixed and variable inputs, short run and long run periods. Isoquants represent combinations of two inputs that produce the same output level. Isoquants have specific properties - they are negatively sloped, convex to the origin, and do not intersect. Isocost lines show combinations of inputs that can be purchased for a given cost. Producers aim to maximize output for a given cost or minimize cost for a given output level by equating marginal rate of technical substitution to factor price ratios.
Presentation on Iso quants
This document summarizes key concepts in microeconomics including:
- Production functions relate quantities of inputs to output
- Isoquants represent combinations of inputs that produce the same output level
- Marginal rate of technical substitution is the rate at which one input can be substituted for another without changing output
- Economic regions of production define where isoquants have positive or negative sloping segments
- Isocost lines show combinations of inputs that can be purchased with a given budget
- Firms seek to produce at the optimal, least-cost combination of inputs given prices and production possibilities
- Expansion paths illustrate how firms adjust input mixes as output increases at minimum cost.
Isoquants
The document discusses isoquant curves and isocost curves.
1. An isoquant curve shows all the combinations of two inputs that can produce the same level of output. It assumes inputs are substitutable to some degree in production.
2. An isocost curve connects all combinations of two inputs that can be purchased with a given budget or expenditure level, based on the prices of the inputs.
3. Firms use isoquant and isocost curves to determine the most cost-effective combination of inputs to achieve a given output level.
Isoquant
This document defines and explains isoquants. It states that an isoquant indicates various combinations of two factors of production, such as capital and labor, that produce the same level of output. It represents the substitution rate between inputs needed to maintain a given level of production. An isoquant curve shows all the possible combinations of two variable inputs that will produce the same quantity of total product.
#13 costs and pricing strategy
The document outlines costs and pricing strategy for a product or service. It explains that the price charged to customers must be higher than the costs to produce and deliver the product or service. As an example, it provides details on the costs to produce and package styrofoam insulation including materials, labeling, packaging and shipping. It calculates the total cost per unit and proposes setting the sales price high enough to achieve a 50% profit margin.
8 productionpart2
This document discusses production with two variable inputs - labor and capital. It covers isoquants, which show combinations of inputs that produce a given output level, and isocost lines, which show combinations that have the same total cost. Least-cost combinations occur where isoquants are tangent to isocost lines. The concepts of increasing, decreasing and constant returns to scale based on the relationship between input and output percentage changes are also introduced. Special production function cases of perfect substitutes and complements are described.
ISOQUANTS OR EQUAL PRODUCT CURVES
Isoquants, or equal product curves, represent different combinations of factor inputs that produce the same level of output. An isoquant schedule shows that factor combinations A (1 unit of X and 9 units of Y), B (2 units of X and 6 units of Y), C (3 units of X and 4 units of Y), and D (4 units of X and 3 units of Y) all produce 20 units of output. Plotting these points on a graph with X on the x-axis and Y on the y-axis connects them to form an isoquant curve representing 20 units of output. Isoquants imply factor substitutability, as different combinations of inputs can produce the same output level. The marginal
ISOCOST & LEAST COST COMBINATION-CS.FINAL YEAR
Dr. K. Baranidharan's presentation discusses isocosts and least-cost combinations of inputs. Isocosts refer to cost curves that represent combinations of inputs that cost the same amount to produce a given output level. As output levels change, total costs change and isocost curves shift upwards. Least-cost combinations can be determined by using isocost and isoquant curves, where the slope of the isoquant equals the slope of the isocost curve at the point of minimum total cost of production. The presentation includes examples of isocost curves costing Rs. 1 lakh, Rs. 1.5 lakh and Rs. 2 lakh for output levels between 20,000
Isoquants ppt
Isoquants represent combinations of inputs that produce the same level of output. They have several key properties:
1. Isoquants slope downward, meaning more of one input requires less of the other to maintain output.
2. They are convex to the origin, due to decreasing marginal rates of technical substitution between inputs as one is increased relative to the other.
3. Isoquants never intersect, as that would represent one combination producing two output levels. Higher isoquants correspond to higher output levels.
Micro economics 3
The document discusses production functions and costs. It defines production functions as relating physical output to inputs like labor and capital. Production functions can be expressed as short-run or long-run depending on whether inputs are fixed or variable. The document also discusses laws of returns like increasing, decreasing, and constant returns. Isoquants and isocost curves are presented, where isoquants show input combinations for a given output and isocost curves show input combinations at a given cost.
Producer equilibrium
Producer equilibrium is reached when a firm produces at the lowest possible cost, by combining inputs at the point where the isoquant curve is tangent to the isocost line. This occurs when the marginal rate of technical substitution is equal to the ratio of input prices. It represents the maximum level of output and profit. Producer equilibrium can be analyzed graphically using isoquant and isocost curves, where the point of tangency indicates the combination of inputs that minimizes cost at a given output.
Business economics production analysis
The document discusses several key concepts in production analysis:
1. It defines production functions, marginal product, average product, and the law of diminishing returns. Marginal product refers to the change in output from a small change in one input.
2. It explains the relationships between total, average, and marginal productivity and how marginal productivity initially increases and then decreases.
3. There is a distinction made between short and long run periods of production - in the short run some inputs can be varied, while in the long run all inputs can be varied.
4. The concepts of economies of scale, isoquants, and marginal rate of technical substitution are also introduced at a high level.
Isocost
The document discusses isoquants and isocost curves. An isoquant shows the different combinations of two inputs, like labor and capital, that produce the same level of output. An isocost curve shows the combinations of inputs that can be purchased at a given total cost, given input prices. Together, isoquants and isocost curves can be used to find the cost-minimizing combination of inputs for a given level of output. The point where the isoquant is tangent to the isocost curve indicates the lowest cost combination.
Production cost
Production costs refer to the total expenses incurred from manufacturing a product or providing a service. They include direct costs like materials and labor as well as overhead costs.
There are three types of production costs: fixed costs which do not vary with output like rent, variable costs which vary with output like raw materials, and total costs which is the sum of fixed and variable costs.
Understanding short-run and long-run average cost curves can provide insight into a firm's costs. The long-run average cost curve shows minimum possible average costs at all output levels if all inputs can be varied. Each point on the curve represents an optimal combination of inputs. Short-run average cost curves represent when capital is fixed, so
Iso quants
The document discusses iso-quants, which represent combinations of two inputs that produce the same level of output. Iso-quant curves slope downward and are convex, showing efficient combinations of inputs. The marginal rate of technical substitution measures how one input can substitute for another while maintaining output. Iso-product schedules and maps show multiple iso-quant curves representing different output levels. Iso-cost lines represent combinations of inputs a producer can acquire given their budget at fixed input prices.
Unit 2 c
1. The document discusses production and costs faced by firms. It defines production and the different types of inputs used, including fixed and variable inputs.
2. It explains the concept of production functions, which show the maximum output achievable from different input combinations. Production functions can have one or two variable inputs, corresponding to short and long run analyses.
3. The law of variable proportions is described, where marginal and average product initially increase with more of a variable input but eventually diminish, leading to stages of increasing, diminishing, and negative returns. Graphs demonstrate these relationships between total, marginal, and average product curves.
What's hot (19)
Similar to Or tybms
Ddb29 ccceba547209ddab45a17330016
This document contains information about an operations research exam including:
1) Two questions about formulating mathematical models for optimization problems involving animal feed mixtures and solving a linear programming problem.
2) Two questions about assigning jobs to mechanics to maximize return and solving a transportation problem to minimize costs.
3) Two questions involving determining optimal job sequences to minimize time and performing a critical path analysis on a project with activity times.
4) Two questions about determining optimum order levels and production quantities to minimize inventory and shortage costs.
5) A question about determining performance measures for a tax consulting firm with Poisson arrivals and exponential service times.
6) Two questions involving solving a two-player zero-sum game using dominance rules
30 model questions OR
This document contains 30 multiple choice and numerical questions related to quantitative techniques in management. The questions are organized into 5 units: (1) Introduction to Operations Research, (2) Linear Programming, (3) Assignment Problem, (4) Sequencing Problem, and (5) Replacement Problem. The questions cover topics such as linear programming, transportation problems, queuing theory, project management, and replacement analysis. Sample questions include formulating linear programming models, solving transportation problems, analyzing queuing systems, and determining optimal replacement times for equipment.
_LPP.pdf
The document discusses linear programming problems and provides examples of linear programming formulations for problems in production allocation, diet planning, transportation, and more. Several examples illustrate how to model problems as linear programs to maximize profit or minimize costs while satisfying various constraints. Graphical and algebraic solution methods for linear programs are also presented.
Lpp formulations - 2018 - 1
The publisher wants to determine the optimal mix of two magazines, Backyard and Porch, to maximize revenue. They must print at least 400 copies of Backyard and 300 of Porch due to demand. The problem is formulated as a linear program to maximize revenue subject to printing and collation time constraints.
2nd Semester MBA (Dec-2013) Question Papers
2nd Semester MBA (Dec-2013) Question PapersBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
The new machine will cost '2,000,000 and has an expected life of 10 years. It will
be depreciated at 20 percent per year under straight line method. The annual operating cost
of the old machine is '100,000 whereas that of the new machine is '150,000. The annual
production capacity of the old machine is 50,000 units whereas that of the new machine is
80,000 units. The selling price per unit is '20. The tax rate is 40 percent.
You are required to:
(i) Calculate the cash flows for the next 10 years if the old machine is retained.
(ii) Calculate the cash flows for the next 10 years if the newFinal Report HeroMoto
The document describes optimizing production planning for a two-wheeler manufacturing company with 3 plants and 4 production lines per plant. It aims to maximize profit by determining the optimal allocation of producing 13 motorcycle models across the different plants and lines, while considering constraints like plant/line capacities and demand for each model. A mathematical model is formulated with decision variables for production quantities, an objective function to maximize total profit, and constraints relating to demands, capacities, inventory levels and integer requirements. The solver solution provides the optimized production plan with allocation quantities for each model, plant and line.
Mb0048
This document outlines an assignment for an Operations Research course. It includes 6 questions assessing various topics in Operations Research. Question 1 asks students to discuss the methodology and phases of Operations Research. Question 2 involves formulating a paper mill production problem as a linear programming problem. Question 3 covers degeneracy in transportation problems and solving using the MODI method. Question 4 requires explaining the Hungarian method and solving an assignment problem. Question 5 examines Monte Carlo simulation and solving a production and storage problem. Finally, question 6 addresses the dominance principle in game theory, constituents of a queuing system, and differences between PERT and CPM. Students are instructed to answer all questions, with 10 mark questions requiring approximately 400 words each.
Or ch2 (2)
The document discusses linear programming (LP) and its solution methods. It provides an overview of LP, describing it as a technique for optimization problems where the objective function and constraints are expressed as linear equations. Two common solution methods are then discussed: graphical and simplex. The graphical method involves plotting the constraints on a graph and finding the optimal solution at the corner point of the feasible region. The simplex method is an iterative algebraic approach that moves between basic feasible solutions to optimize the objective function.
P79 mba202
This document contains a test with multiple choice and short answer questions covering topics in operations research, statistics, and decision making. The test has 4 sections with 5 sub-questions each that students must answer in 75-100 words per question. Topics addressed include linear programming, transportation problems, assignment problems, queuing analysis, decision making under uncertainty vs risk, regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and probability distributions such as Poisson and binomial. Students must solve any 4 sub-questions in each section.
Ma. PATHFINDER
This document contains a past examination for the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN). The exam has multiple choice and short answer questions covering various topics in management accounting, including cost behavior analysis, budgeting, variance analysis, and decision making tools. It also includes several case studies and questions that require calculations related to topics like break-even analysis, cash budgeting, probability, and market share analysis. The exam is designed to test students' understanding of key concepts in management accounting.
Acct 434 week 4 midterm exam (devry)
ACCT 434 Week 4 Midterm Exam (Devry)
ACCT 434 Week 3 Cost Behavior Decision Making Quality (Devry)
ACCT 434 Week 2 Master Budget Flexible Budgets (Devry)
ACCT 434 Week 1-7 All Discussion Questions (Devry)
ACCT 434 Week 1 Quiz Activity Based Costing (Devry)
ACCT 434 Entire Course Advanced Cost Management (Devry)
ACCT 434 Week 6 Customer Profitability Capital Budgeting (Devry)
ACCT 434 Week 7 Quality Control Inventory Management (Devry)
ACCT-434 Week 5 Pricing Decisions Management Control Systems (Devry)
2nd Semester MBA (Dec-2015; Jan-2016) Question Papers
2nd Semester MBA (Dec-2015; Jan-2016) Question PapersBGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)
This document appears to be part of an examination for a business research methods course. It includes multiple choice and essay questions covering various topics in business research including: defining business research, research design types, sampling concepts, data collection sources, variables for analysis, hypothesis testing, and research reports. It also includes case study questions and questions involving calculating financial metrics such as weighted average cost of capital, break-even analysis, and capital budgeting techniques.403 e86280b994e71948f9e0c1b385947
This document is a 4-page examination for an Operations Research course containing 7 questions worth a total of 100 marks. Students are asked to answer any 5 of the 7 questions, which cover topics such as linear programming, transportation problems, assignment problems, sequencing problems, queuing theory, simulation, game theory, and replacement problems. Questions involve solving models mathematically as well as discussing concepts in operations research.
Decision Making Process
The document provides an overview of management science/operations research including:
- A brief history noting early developments and contributors.
- Applications across various industries showing cost savings and increased revenues.
- Current professional organizations and typical jobs for graduates.
- How management science techniques can help with system design, operation, and decision making.
- The benefits and tradeoffs of different model types like iconic, analog, and mathematical models.
R09 operations research
The document is an exam paper for an Operations Research course. It contains 8 questions related to topics like linear programming, transportation problem, shortest path problem, and geometric programming. The first question formulates an LPP model to determine the production quantities of 3 products to maximize profit given constraints on raw materials and demand. It asks the candidate to solve the model using the Simplex method.
1. (TCO 2) An example of a period cost is (Points 5) ins.docx
1. (TCO 2) An example of a period cost is (Points : 5)
insurance on factory machines.
a controller’s salary.
property taxes on factory building.
wages of factory maintenance employees.
Question 2.2. (TCO 2) Which product would use job-order costing? (Points : 5)
Ink pens
Custom boot maker
Soda pop
Horse saddles
Question 3.3. (TCO 3) In a process costing system, which would be TRUE? (Points : 5)
There is no need to use time tickets to assign costs to processes.
There is no need to track materials to processes.
A process costing system is more expensive to maintain because it has more work-in-process accounts.
All of the above
Question 4.4. (TCO 8) A company keeps 60 days of materials inventory on hand to avoid shutdowns due to materials shortages. Carrying costs average $5,000 per day. A competitor keeps 30 days of inventory on hand, and the competitor's carrying costs average $2,000 per day. The non-value-added costs for the company are (Points : 5)
$300,000.
$150,000.
$60,000.
$0.
Question 5.5. (TCO 8) Non-value-added activities (Points : 5)
are unnecessary inputs.
are valued outputs to internal users.
are valued outputs to external users.
help meet the organization's needs, not the product needs.
Question 6.6. (TCO 1) The break-even point is (Points : 5)
the volume of activity where all fixed costs are recovered.
where fixed costs equal total variable costs.
where total revenues equal total costs.
where total costs equal total contribution margin.
Question 7.7. (TCO 1) The income statement for Thomas Manufacturing Company for 2011 is as follows.
Sales (10,000 units) $120,000
Variable expenses $72,000
Contribution margin $48,000
Fixed expenses $36,000
Operating income $12,000
Which is the contribution margin per unit? (Points : 5)
$7.20
$1.20
$4.80
$120,000
Question 8.8. (TCO 7) Which cost category would most likely use machine hours as its activity driver? (Points : 5)
Personnel
Maintenance
Purchasing
Payroll
Question 9.9. (TCO 7) Yo Department Store incurred $8,000 of indirect advertising costs for its operations. The following data have been collected for 2013 for its three departments.
Shoes
Cosmetics
Crafts
Sales
$120,000
$100,000
$100,000
Direct advertising costs
$9,000
$7,000
$4,000
Newspaper ad space
60%
20%
20%
How much of the indirect advertising costs will be allocated to the Shoes Department if newspaper ad space is the activity driver? (Points : 5)
$8,000
$4,800
$5,400
$3,200
Question 10.10. (TCO 5.
Mba205 winter 2017
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
Tata ace solution
The document discusses the marketing strategy used by Tata Motors for the successful launch of the Tata Ace light commercial vehicle (LCV) in India. It describes how Tata Motors conducted market research to identify a need for an affordable LCV below 1 ton payload to replace aging three-wheelers. Tata Motors segmented the market functionally based on payload and distance, and segmented customers based on priorities like price, performance, and return on investment. Tata Motors then implemented a marketing mix strategy addressing the 4Ps - developing Ace based on customer needs, pricing it affordably, distributing it widely through dealers, and promoting it aggressively. The launch was a success with over 50% of customers being first-time buyers, exceeding sales targets
SMU MBA SEM 2 SPRING 2015 SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS
This document outlines an assignment for an Operations Research course. It includes 6 questions worth a total of 60 marks. The questions cover topics like the methodology and phases of operations research, linear programming problems, transportation problems, assignment problems, Monte Carlo simulation, game theory, queuing systems, and the differences between PERT and CPM. Students are instructed to answer all questions, with 10-mark questions requiring answers of approximately 400 words.
test
The document is a course review for Business Mathematics that includes several problems involving optimization of production levels for multiple products using available machine hours, revenue and cost functions, elasticity, curve sketching, and maximizing profit for a monopolist selling a product in two markets.
Similar to Or tybms (20)
2nd Semester MBA (Dec-2015; Jan-2016) Question Papers
2nd Semester MBA (Dec-2015; Jan-2016) Question Papers
1. (TCO 2) An example of a period cost is (Points 5) ins.docx
1. (TCO 2) An example of a period cost is (Points 5) ins.docx
Recently uploaded
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Bossa N’ Roll Records by Ismael Vazquez.
Bossa N Roll Records presentation by Izzy Vazquez for Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
Stack Memory Organization of 8086 Microprocessor
The stack memory organization of 8086 microprocessor.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneHow to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Geography as a Discipline Chapter 1 __ Class 11 Geography NCERT _ Class Notes...
Geography as discipline
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
Recently uploaded (20)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
Geography as a Discipline Chapter 1 __ Class 11 Geography NCERT _ Class Notes...
Geography as a Discipline Chapter 1 __ Class 11 Geography NCERT _ Class Notes...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
Or tybms
- 1. TYBMS – Operations Research Date – 5th March 2020 Attempt any THREE questions Marks : 45 Duration: 1 ½ hr Q.1. ABC ltd. Manufactures two products P and Q.Profit per unit for P and Q is Rs. 40 and Rs. 80 respectively. One unit of P requires 2 machines hours and one unit of Q requires 3 machines hours. Availability of machine hours is 48. Maximum market demand for P is 15 units and for Q is 10 units. Formulate as LPP and solve by graphical method to obtain maximum total profit. Q.2. A company has 3 warehouses W1, W2 and W3 from where it supplies products to 3 markets M1, M2 and M3. Availability at warehouses is 2000, 1500 and 100 units. Market requirements are 1200, 1800 and 1000 units. Profit potential per unit from each warehouse to each market is as follows: To From Profit per unit (Rs.) M1 M2 M3 W1 25 22 23 W2 15 20 18 W3 18 17 16 Find optimal transportation schedule to maximize total profit. Q.3. The following is the cost matrix (cost in Rs. 1000) of assigning 4 clerks to 4 key purchasing jobs. Clerk 1 cannot be assigned to job 1. Jobs Clerks J1 J2 J3 J4 1 - 5 2 0 2 4 7 5 6 3 5 8 4 3 4 3 6 6 2 Find an Optimal Assignment to minimize total cost. Each clerk can handle only one job. Write an alternate optimal solution if it exists. Q.4. A company has three factories F1, F2 and F3 with supply of 800, 600 and 1000 units respectively. There are four warehouse W1, W2, W3 and W4 with demand of 400, 500, 700 and 800 units respectively. A feasible solution is give below. (With allocations and unit cost data) i. Test the solution for optimally using modified distribution method ii. If the solution is not optimal, find optimal solution by modifying it iii. Find minimum transportation cost To From W1 W2 W3 W4 Supply F1 300 500 800 F2 100 500 600 F3 200 800 1000 Demand 400 500 700 800 2400 2400 12 6 20 25 6 11 15 12 9 15 17 7