The document provides a comprehensive guide on optimizing catheter support for chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI), emphasizing the importance of careful planning and appropriate device selection. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various guide catheter sizes and techniques, including passive and active support methods, anchoring balloons, and guide catheter extensions. Additionally, it highlights procedural trends in CTO interventions using transradial access and the necessity of anticipating tools required for successful outcomes.

1. Optimize guide catheter support
Fabrice Leroy
Hôpital Privé La Louvière, Lille,
France

2. NO SUPPORT=NO CTO PCI !

3. First step = Plan the procedure
• Good angiogram
• Complexity of the lesion
• Which vessel is the target? (RCA ostia...)
• Which strategy is planed ? ( Antegrade, Retrograde ,
Dissection Reentry..)
• Specific devices planed ? (IVUS,ADR...)
• Femoral or radial
• ......
Courtesy J. Spratt

4. Passive support
• GC with back up
• Larger GC
• Long sheath
• Anchoring Balloon
Active support
• Deep GC intubation
• GC extensions
• Support Catheter
(CenterCross*, MultiCross*)

5. Appropriate guide catheter selection
Shape
• Left or Right coronary
• Location of the ostium
(high, low, totally
anomalous )
• Ostial lesion associated
• Takeoff of the artery
• Aortic root size
• ...

6. Appropriate guide catheter selection
Shape
• Left coronary artery
– Extra back up catheter :
• EBU
• XB
• Voda
– AL (CX) : ostial injury risk
• Right coronary artery
– AL 0.75 or AL 1
– JR 4
– 3 D Right Curve
– MP,LIMA

7. Appropriate guide catheter selection
Size : Bigger is Better ?

8. Size of Arterial Sheaths Used for Chronic Total
Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Tajti P JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
Volume 12, Issue 4, February 2019

9. Guide catheter size compatibility
2 corsairs
2 Finecross + monorail anchoring balloon
A) Combination of Finecross and monorail balloon;
B) combination of two Finecross microcatheters;
C) combination of Valet and monorail balloon;
D) combination of Valet and Finecross.
A) Combination of Stingray® (Boston Scientific, )
and 1.25 mm OTW balloon;
B) combination of two Corsairs and a monorail balloon;
C) combination of two Corsairs and IVUS probe;
D) combination of Venture and Corsair plus IVUS probe.
7F
8F
6F
Ghione M EuroIntervention 2013;9:290-291. DOI: 10.4244/EIJV9I2A46
IVUS easier

10. Appropriate guide
catheter selection
• Larger Guiding
– More passive support
– Better torque transmission
– More multidevice compatibility
– More coronary opacification
But
– Higher bleeding risk
– Higher ischemic risk
• Smaller Guiding
– Less passive support
– Poorer torque transmission
– Less multidevice compatibility
– Less coronary opacification
but
– Lower bleeding risk
– Lower ischemic risk

11. Temporal Trends of Procedural Outcomes of Chronic Total
Occlusion Interventions Using Transradial Approach (Radial-Only
or Radial-Femoral) Between 2012 and 2018
Tajti P JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
Volume 12, Issue 4, February 2019

12. How increase GC size with TRA
• Use of slender sheaths
(terumo) : thin walled
sheaths allowing 7F GC
into sheath with outer
diameter of a 6F sheath
• Sheathless 7F or 8F
transradial technique
TERUMO Slender Introducers

13. • Have Long Arrows
available (45-80 cm)
• No kinking of the
sheath
• Usefulness in case of
iliac tortuosity
• Sometimes necessity of
parallel sheath
technique (N. Reifart)
Long sheaths sometimes useful

14. Anchoring balloon technique

15. • Described in 2003
(Fujita)
• Balloon inflated in a
non target side branch
vessel

16. • Advantages
– Guide catheter stabilization
(Anchor by guide wire)
– Penetration power of guide wire
– Cross of balloon cath or micro cath
– Sometimes preferable to extension
GC in some anatomy: very prox
CTO,right angle takeoff...
• Limitations
– If no anatomically accessible side
branch
– If branch used supplies collateral
flow (non distal visualisation,
ischemic risk)
– Risk of damage by the GC tip

17. Anchoring guide wire technique
Guide catheter stabilization

18. RCA ostium sub occlusion calcification +++
JR4 6F
Anchoring guide wire technique with BMW
in conus artery to stabilize guide catheter

19. Angioplasty with 3.5*15 mm
balloon Final result after stenting

20. Anchoring balloon technique
Microcatheter or balloon crossing
failure

21. Proximal LAD CTO
CTO crossing with Gaia 2 but impossible
to cross the CTO with microcatheter

22. Balloon anchoring in first diagonal
branch allows crossing with
microcatheter Final Result

23. Anchoring balloon technique
Increase penetration power of guide
wire

24. Mid Cx CTO
Fielder XT and Gaia second do not cross the lesion
Progress 200 T with Anchoring balloon in first MB
Allows increase of penetration power of guide wire
Crossing of the CTO

25. Contro lateral injection to check
guide wire position in true lumen Final Result

26. Guide catheter extensions

28. Guide Catheter extensions
Useful if microcatheter or balloon
crossing failure

29. CTO could be passed with Gaia second but
impossible to cross with microcatheter at the
level of distal RCA CTO
Mid RCA CTO
Second Attempt calcified vessel No stump
Probably 2 areas of CTO (mid and distal)
Antegrade approach

30. Proximal advanced of guide catheter
extension over a non inflated balloon
Distal advanced of guide catheter
extension over distal balloon inflated

31. Despite very good support
Turnpike spiral does not cross
Next step was to use small balloon but
balloon do not completely cross the lesion
So we performed « micro debulking » of
the proximal cap with a 1.2 mm balloon
inflated at 16 atm

32. Rotawire via microcatheter
Burr of 1.25 mm Final result after 3 stents

33. Guide Catheter extensions
Useful for crossing septal

34. Proximal RCA CTO
J CTO 3 (Second attempt,> 20mm,>45°)
Retrograde approach
Septal Surfing with Sion

35. Impossible to cross septal with
microcatheter
Use of guide catheter extension
advanced over the microcatheter to
increase the support

36. Septal crossing with microcatheter
allowed by extension guide catheter
support
Antegrade wire positionned to allow
Reverse Cart

37. • Final result

38. Support Catheter
• CenterCross*, MultiCross* : Nitinol cage
• NovaCross* : Nitinol Wire

39. CenterCross*

40. Antegrade approach was
decided with CC
Centercross* was advanced
over a standard guide wire
Removal of the
centercross* catheter
sheath allow
deployment of the
nitinol cage
Occlusion of mid-distal RCA with diffuse calcifications of the vessel

41. Lesion has been crossed with
Fielder XT
Microcatheter easily cross the
lesion with the support of
CenterCross*

42. Balloon does not cross the lesion so exchange
fielder XT for Rotawire via the microcatheter
Rotablator with a 1.25 mm burr Final Result

43. Conclusion
• Optimal support is very important for CTO PCI
• Multiple tools available to achieve optimal
support
– Bigger size GC
– Long sheaths
– Anchoring techniques
– GC extensions
– Support catheter
• Possibility of combining several technique

45. Conclusion
• Multiple tools available to achieve optimal
support
– Bigger size GC
– Long sheaths
– Anchoring techniques
– GC extensions
– Support catheter
• Possibility of combining several technique
• Need to anticipate the tools needed for the
procedure

47. CenterCross
Microcath
GC extension
Distal RCA CTO Calcifications +++ D1 balloon angioplasty before implantation
of CenterCross*

48. Crossing of guide wire then microcatheter Final result after 3 Stents

50. • Must be use with a balloon
risk of coronary dissection

52. APPROPRIATE GUIDE
CATHETER SELECTION
Shape
-Location of the
ostium (high, low,
totally anomalous
-Ostial lesion
-Takeoff of the artery
-Aortic root size
...

54. • Guideliner (Teleflex*)
• Guidezilla (Boston Scientific*)
• Trapliner (Teleflex*)
• Telescope (Medtronic*)

56. • Table 2.2. Overview of Guide Catheter Extensions
• Name Sizes (Fr) Internal Diameter Total Length (cm)Distal Cylinder Length
• GuideLiner V3 5
• 5.5
• 6
• 7
• 8 0.046″ (1.17 mm)
• 0.051″ (1.30 mm)
• 0.056″ (1.42 mm)
• 0.062″ (1.57 mm)
• 0.071″ (1.80 mm) 150 25 cm
• XL: 40 cm
• Trapliner 6
• 7
• 8 0.056″ (1.42 mm)
• 0.062″ (1.57 mm)
• 0.071″ (1.80 mm) 150 13 cm
• Guidezilla II 6
• 7
• 8 0.057″ (1.45 mm)
• 0.063″ (1.60 mm)
• 0.072″ (1.83 mm) 145 25 cm
• XL: 40 cm
• Guidion 5
• 6
• 7
• 8 0.041″ (1.04 mm)
• 0.056″ (1.42 mm)
• 0.062″ (1.57 mm)
• 0.071″ (1.80 mm) 150 25 cm

57. Plan the procedure
• Good angiogram (TRA preferred)
• Analysis of the radial or femoral route is crucial
• Specific devices planed? (IVUS-ADR…)
• Which vessel is the target? (RCA ostia)
Courtesy J. Spratt

61. • Access site
• Access site selection is important in CTO PCI for providing appropriate
support, and allowing enough space for simultaneous use of multiple
devices. Many operators recommend 8-F guiding catheters, mostly via
transfemoral access, even though they may carry higher risk for vascular
complications (59). Fluoroscopic guidance before puncture using surgical
forceps was associated with ideal access position in >93% of 528 patients
undergoing CTO PCI, and low (0.89%) incidence of adverse events (60).
• In one study transradial CTO PCI was effective in appropriately selected
cases (61), however the more complex lesions were performed using
bifemoral access. In another study that compared transradial (n = 280) and
transfemoral (n = 305) CTO PCIs, although technical success was similar in
the 2 access groups (74.6% vs. 72.5%; p = 0.51), complex (J-CTO score ≥3)
cases performed using transradial access had significantly lower technical
success rates than those done using transfemoral access (35.7% vs. 58.2%;
p = 0.004) (62). Many operators are currently performing biradial CTO PCI
using 7-F slender sheaths (Terumo, Somerset, New Jersey) or sheathless 8-
F transradial guide catheters. Transradial access can and is increasingly
being used for CTO PCI among expert transradial operators (63), but may
be associated with lower success and efficiency (63),

63. Guiding Catheter extensions !

68. Mid RCA CTO
Second Attempt
No stump
Probably 2 areas of CTO
Calcified Vessel

70. –
Tajti P(J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2019;12:346–58)

71. Tajti P (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2019;12:346–58)

72. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

73. Temporal Trends of Procedural Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions Using Transradial
Approach (Radial-Only or Radial-Femoral) Between 2012 and 2018
(A) Technical success (p = 0.045). (B) Procedural success (p = 0.019). (C) In-hospital major adverse
cardiac events (MACE) (p = 0.82). (D) Vascular access and bleeding complications (p = 0.641 and p =
0.009). CTO = chronic total occlusion; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.

75. • utilization of a
GuideLiner within a
GuideLiner or the
“mother-daughter-
granddaughter” double
GuideLiner technique
With the courtesy of D Karmpaliotis

77. Septal crossing with microcatheter
allowed by extension guide catheter Final Result after Reverse Cart

78. Proximal LAD CTO CTO crossing with Gaia 2 but crossing failure
by microcatheter
Balloon anchoring in first diagonal branch allows
Crossing with microcatheter
Final result

79. Mid Cx CTO Anchoring for penetration power
After crossing failure with guide wire
Controlateral injection
Result after stenting

80. • Power Knuckle: Difficult to get across prox cap.
Prox balloon inflated to pin micro in vessel,
now can push hard on knuckle.

81. • Power Knuckle: Difficult to get across prox cap.
Prox balloon inflated to pin micro in vessel,
now can push hard on knuckle.