This document discusses optical waveguide components including connectors, splices, switches. It describes how optical connectors are used to transmit signals and lists features of fiber optic connectors. It also discusses different types of splices for joining optical fibers including fusion splicing and mechanical splicing. Additionally, it defines optical switches and their uses in selectively operating fibers/circuits. It lists types of optical switching and classifications of switches including mechanical and non-mechanical.

1. Course: Optical
Waveguide Components
Course Coordinator: Arpan Deyasi
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2. Connectors
Splices
Switches
Waveguide components
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3. Optical Connector
helps to transmit radio frequency signals
mostly used connector
is coaxial cable
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Key Features of Fibre Optic Connectors
Insertion loss value should below 0.5dB
Return loss should not be less than 25dB
Universal passive devices
High-reliability connectors are needed in harsh
environments to make sure of smooth optical
transmission

5. coaxial cable: features
consistent measurement
used to make low VSWR coaxial connections
can be used as the terminations of coaxial cables
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7. Categories of coaxial cables
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8. Splice
A technique to make permanent joint between two
individual optical fibers
Splices are basically couplers
used to establish long-haul fiber-optic links
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9. Classification of Splicing
Fusion splicing
Mechanical splicing
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10. Fusion Splicing
making use of the fusion technique provides a
permanent (contact between the two fibres
the two fibres are thermally joined together
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splice generated losses are very less ( 0.05 to
0.10 dB)

11. Fusion Splicing
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Mechanical Splicing
V-Grooved Splicing --- initially a V-shaped
substrate is taken and the two fibre ends are
connected in the groove
Fibre losses are more
Two fibres do not form a continuous smooth
connection
Joint is semi-permanent

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Mechanical Splicing : V-groove

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Mechanical Splicing
Elastic-Tube Splicing --- small tube hole is present, and
its diameter is less than the diameter of the fibre to be
spliced; also tapering is done at the ends of both the
fibres in order to allow easy insertion inside the tube
proper alignment between the two fibres is achieved
majorly finds its application in case of MMF

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Mechanical Splicing: Elastic-Tube Splicing

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Advantages of fibre splicing
 allows long-distance optical signal transmission
 less reflection at the time of signal transmission
 splicing provides almost permanent connection of
the two fibres

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Disadvantages of fibre splicing
Sometimes fibre losses are very much higher than
the acceptable limits
Splicing increases the overall cost of the optical
fibre communication system

18. Optical Switch
A switch that enables optical fibers/photonic integrated
circuits to be operated selectively
 operational procedure
Mechanical --- physical shift
Electro-optic--- electrical signal is converted into optical
Magneto-optic --- magnetic effect is used to generate optical signal
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Optical Switch

20. may separate signals at different wavelengths
and direct them to different ports
Features of Optical Switch
maintains the signal as light from input to
output, no matter what the line speed or
protocol
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21. Types of optical switching
 Optical Circuit Switching
 Optical Packet Switching
 Optical Burst Switching
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22. Classification of optical switches
slow and easy to wear, easy to vibration, impact
shocks
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Mechanical switch
low insertion loss and low crosstalk
relies on the movement of optical fibre or optical
elements to convert the optical path

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Classification of optical switches
Non-mechanical switch
relies electro-optic, magneto-optic, thermo-optic
and other effects to change the refractive index of
the optical waveguide
good repeatability, fast switching speed, high
reliability, longer life, smaller size, monolithically
integrated
insertion loss and crosstalk performance are not
good