In this article, a miniaturized hairpin resonator has been presented to introduce the high selectivity of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bandwidth. In the construction of the hairpin resonator, short-circuited
comb-lines are electrically coupled with the two longer edges of a rectangular-shaped loop. The hairpin resonator has been designed and fabricated with the Taconic TLX-8 substrate with a center-frequency at 2.45 GHz. The resonator exhibits a second order quasi-Chebyshev bandpass response. A low insertion loss has been found as -0.36 dB with a minimum return loss as -36.71 dB. The filtering dimension of this hairpin resonator occupies a small area of 166.82 mm2. This hairpin resonator is highly selective for the bandpass applications of the entire WLAN bandwidth.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized multiband, single-feed microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper for
WLAN and WiMAX applications. Both size reduction and multiband are obtained by etching the Multiple
Complementary Split Ring Resonators (MC-SRR) on the ground plane of the normal patch antenna. At
first, the normal patch antenna produces a single band of 5.15 GHz; 200 MHz (5.0500~5.2499).
Subsequently, a Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (SC-SRR) is etched on the ground plane and
produces a triple band of: 3.25 GHz; 288 MHz (3.1085~3.3964), 4.5 GHz; 101.3 MHz (4.4488~4.5501),
and 5.22 GHz; 220 MHz (5.1191~5.3400) and Double Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (DC-MCSRR)
with: 2.99 GHz; 60.7 MHz (2.9574~3.0181), 3.57 GHz; 324.7 MHz (3.4065~3.7312), and 5.1413 GHz;
115.4 MHz (5.0817~5.1971). The working bandwidths cover the desired frequency bands of WLAN
5.2 GHz and WiMAX 3.3/3.5 GHz. The proposed (MC-SRR) antenna can be employed to wireless
communication systems due to its simplicity in design, compactness and miniaturization.
Design and Simulation of Compact Wideband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator An...ijsrd.com
An objective of the paper is to optimize the parameters, and simulation analysis of compact wideband rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA). In this paper, a compact wideband, rectangular dielectric resonator antenna is presented using relatively low dielectric constant material and using double microstrip patch. The rectangular DRA is fed with a modified stepped microstrip feed to ensure efficient coupling between the RDRA and the feeder. The performance of the proposed antenna has been significantly improved by loading the RDRA with two narrow conducting metallic strips of suitable widths, which results in dual-resonance excitation and leads to a wider operating bandwidth (16.274-18.200 GHz). The frequency characteristics and radiation performance of the proposed antenna are successfully optimized. Design and simulation results are in excellent agreement.
2009 EuCAP-Hybrid of Monopole and Dipole Antennas for Concurrent WLAN APSaou-Wen Su
A novel hybrid of a 2.4-GHz monopole antenna and a 5-GHz dipole antenna is presented to provide concurrent 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation for access- point applications. The two antennas are arranged in a collinear structure and printed on a compact dielectric substrate with dimensions 12 mm × 60 mm. The monopole antenna has a meandered radiating strip and is short-circuited to a small ground plane through a shorting strip. The dipole antenna includes two sub-dipoles at the opposite side of a narrow ground plane and fed by a simple T-junction microstrip-line network. The two antennas are closely set with a distance of 1 mm only, yet good port isolation (S21) well below –20 dB can be obtained. With a low profile, the proposed design can easily fit into the casing of some standard access points and allow the 2.4 and 5 GHz band signals to be simultaneously received or transmitted with no external diplexer required. Good omnidirectional radiation has been observed too.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized multiband, single-feed microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper for
WLAN and WiMAX applications. Both size reduction and multiband are obtained by etching the Multiple
Complementary Split Ring Resonators (MC-SRR) on the ground plane of the normal patch antenna. At
first, the normal patch antenna produces a single band of 5.15 GHz; 200 MHz (5.0500~5.2499).
Subsequently, a Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (SC-SRR) is etched on the ground plane and
produces a triple band of: 3.25 GHz; 288 MHz (3.1085~3.3964), 4.5 GHz; 101.3 MHz (4.4488~4.5501),
and 5.22 GHz; 220 MHz (5.1191~5.3400) and Double Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (DC-MCSRR)
with: 2.99 GHz; 60.7 MHz (2.9574~3.0181), 3.57 GHz; 324.7 MHz (3.4065~3.7312), and 5.1413 GHz;
115.4 MHz (5.0817~5.1971). The working bandwidths cover the desired frequency bands of WLAN
5.2 GHz and WiMAX 3.3/3.5 GHz. The proposed (MC-SRR) antenna can be employed to wireless
communication systems due to its simplicity in design, compactness and miniaturization.
Design and Simulation of Compact Wideband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator An...ijsrd.com
An objective of the paper is to optimize the parameters, and simulation analysis of compact wideband rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA). In this paper, a compact wideband, rectangular dielectric resonator antenna is presented using relatively low dielectric constant material and using double microstrip patch. The rectangular DRA is fed with a modified stepped microstrip feed to ensure efficient coupling between the RDRA and the feeder. The performance of the proposed antenna has been significantly improved by loading the RDRA with two narrow conducting metallic strips of suitable widths, which results in dual-resonance excitation and leads to a wider operating bandwidth (16.274-18.200 GHz). The frequency characteristics and radiation performance of the proposed antenna are successfully optimized. Design and simulation results are in excellent agreement.
2009 EuCAP-Hybrid of Monopole and Dipole Antennas for Concurrent WLAN APSaou-Wen Su
A novel hybrid of a 2.4-GHz monopole antenna and a 5-GHz dipole antenna is presented to provide concurrent 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation for access- point applications. The two antennas are arranged in a collinear structure and printed on a compact dielectric substrate with dimensions 12 mm × 60 mm. The monopole antenna has a meandered radiating strip and is short-circuited to a small ground plane through a shorting strip. The dipole antenna includes two sub-dipoles at the opposite side of a narrow ground plane and fed by a simple T-junction microstrip-line network. The two antennas are closely set with a distance of 1 mm only, yet good port isolation (S21) well below –20 dB can be obtained. With a low profile, the proposed design can easily fit into the casing of some standard access points and allow the 2.4 and 5 GHz band signals to be simultaneously received or transmitted with no external diplexer required. Good omnidirectional radiation has been observed too.
Realization of Dual-Dipole-Antenna System for Concurrent Dual-Radio Operation...Saou-Wen Su
The study of the mutual coupling between the two simple strip dipole antennas is first carried out and investigated. The results show that the coupling or the antenna port isolation is almost separation distance independent when the two dipole antennas are arranged to be of orthogonal polarization. Following this characteristic, a novel dual-dipole-antenna system aimed for concurrent 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation and at the same time, to achieve very compact integration of two individual antennas with separate feeds is proposed. The two dipole antennas are etched on a two-layered dielectric substrate with dimensions 30 mm × 30 mm. On the front layer is put the 2.4 GHz dipole, which is perpendicular to the 5 GHz dipole located on the bottom layer. Though the two dipoles are stacked up with a distance of 0.8 mm only, port isolation can still be below –15 dB. The proposed dual-dipole-antenna system is a promising candidate for the antenna solution that enables simultaneous dual-radio operation.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Concurrent 2.4/5-GHz Multi-Loop MIMO Antennas with Wide 3-dB Beamwidth Radiat...Saou-Wen Su
A high-gain, wide-beamwidth, six-loop-antenna MIMO system suited for wireless access points in the concurrent WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands is presented. The antenna system mainly comprises an antenna ground plane and single-band loop antennas, among which the three antennas are designated for 2.4 and 5 GHz operation respectively. The antennas are set in a sequential, rotating arrangement on the ground plane with an equal inclination angle of 60° to form a symmetrical structure, and the 2.4 and 5 GHz loops are facing each other one by one. The experimental results show that good port isolation can be obtained between antenna ports. High-gain, directional radiation patterns with wide 3-dB beamwidth in elevation planes are also observed. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the paper.
Integration of Internal 700 MHz and WLAN/WiMAX Antennas for Palm-Sized Mobile...Saou-Wen Su
Two promising, internal, shorted monopole antennas for 700 MHz and WLAN/WiMAX operation are combined in an arrangement with minimized mutual coupling for palm-sized mobile applications. The two stamped, metal-plate antennas with a 2 mm gap therein between can be integrated into a compact configuration and are then mounted near one side of the system circuit board. With the suitable shorting locations and arrangement of the two antennas, good isolation (S21 < –20 dB) between the two ports can easily be obtained. Analysis of placing a CCD shielding cylinder between the two antennas and the two shorting strips joined to form a shorting wall are also conducted. Detailed designs of the two antennas are described, and the results thereof are discussed.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
Effects of bending on a flexible metamaterial absorberjournalBEEI
This paper presents a study of bending a metamaterial based absorber. The study of bending is important for textile material since it can be easily crumpled. The basic absorber that is simulated for the study is an annulled circle as the top patch, and metal ground plane that sandwich a textile-based substrate. The center frequency for the absorber is 10.525 GHz. The type of bending is divided into two parts, which is convex bending and concave bending. Through series of simulations, the effects of the bending on the absorptivity and the shifting of the resonant frequency is observed. Also, the study on the change of incident and polarization angle is also included to support the basis of flexible metamaterial absorber affected by the bending.
Comparative analyses of enhancing bandwidth of micro strip patch antennas a s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Switchable dual-band bandpass filter based on stepped impedance resonator wit...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new technique in designing the switchable dual-band bandpass filter at
2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz for WLAN and WiMAX applications. Wideband bandpass filter designed based on
stepped impedance resonator at frequency of 3 GHz. To eliminate the interference from existing system
that operates in the same frequency band, a defected microstrip structure applied and implemented to
produce the notch response. In order to generate the switchable characteristic, the PIN diode was
introduced at the dual-band filter. It exhibits that the measured results for switchable attributes when the
diode is at OFF state, the wide passband is produced with the fractional bandwidth of 62.1 % centered at
2.9 GHz. Meanwhile, for the diode in ON state, the dual-passband has produced which centered at
2.5 GHz and 3.45 GHz. The experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation results. This
structure is very useful for wireless communication systems and its applications.
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new compact patch antenna, which is arranged perpendicular to a circular ground plane, for WLAN operation is presented. The antenna consists mainly of one driven patch and one shorted parasitic patch, which both wind along two concentric circles. A constructed prototype covering the 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated. Good broadside radiation characteristics are obtained across the operating bands. Details of the proposed patch antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed.
This work presents a rectangular of microstrip ultra wideband patch antenna for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-Max) and wireless local area network (WLAN) with a dual band-notched feature. The planned an antenna consists the rectangular of patch antenna with the largely deficient of ground structure. Through inserting slots in the radiating patch, dual notch characteristics may be produced. The suggested antenna is 20×30×1.6 mm3 in volume. The first notch, made by slots operating at the first notch, produced by slots running at 3.5 GHz, for Wi-Max (from 3.3-3.7 GHz), while of a second, created by slots operating at 5.5 GHz, for WLAN (from 5.1-5.8 GHz). An antenna covers the whole ultra-wideband frequency range (3.1-10.6 GHz). Computer simulation technology (CST) 2021 simulation software used for simulate proposed of antenna. A simulated antenna’s emission pattern is almost omnidirectional, and the recommended antenna’s gain is approximately constant over the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum, excluding notch areas.
Realization of Dual-Dipole-Antenna System for Concurrent Dual-Radio Operation...Saou-Wen Su
The study of the mutual coupling between the two simple strip dipole antennas is first carried out and investigated. The results show that the coupling or the antenna port isolation is almost separation distance independent when the two dipole antennas are arranged to be of orthogonal polarization. Following this characteristic, a novel dual-dipole-antenna system aimed for concurrent 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation and at the same time, to achieve very compact integration of two individual antennas with separate feeds is proposed. The two dipole antennas are etched on a two-layered dielectric substrate with dimensions 30 mm × 30 mm. On the front layer is put the 2.4 GHz dipole, which is perpendicular to the 5 GHz dipole located on the bottom layer. Though the two dipoles are stacked up with a distance of 0.8 mm only, port isolation can still be below –15 dB. The proposed dual-dipole-antenna system is a promising candidate for the antenna solution that enables simultaneous dual-radio operation.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Concurrent 2.4/5-GHz Multi-Loop MIMO Antennas with Wide 3-dB Beamwidth Radiat...Saou-Wen Su
A high-gain, wide-beamwidth, six-loop-antenna MIMO system suited for wireless access points in the concurrent WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands is presented. The antenna system mainly comprises an antenna ground plane and single-band loop antennas, among which the three antennas are designated for 2.4 and 5 GHz operation respectively. The antennas are set in a sequential, rotating arrangement on the ground plane with an equal inclination angle of 60° to form a symmetrical structure, and the 2.4 and 5 GHz loops are facing each other one by one. The experimental results show that good port isolation can be obtained between antenna ports. High-gain, directional radiation patterns with wide 3-dB beamwidth in elevation planes are also observed. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the paper.
Integration of Internal 700 MHz and WLAN/WiMAX Antennas for Palm-Sized Mobile...Saou-Wen Su
Two promising, internal, shorted monopole antennas for 700 MHz and WLAN/WiMAX operation are combined in an arrangement with minimized mutual coupling for palm-sized mobile applications. The two stamped, metal-plate antennas with a 2 mm gap therein between can be integrated into a compact configuration and are then mounted near one side of the system circuit board. With the suitable shorting locations and arrangement of the two antennas, good isolation (S21 < –20 dB) between the two ports can easily be obtained. Analysis of placing a CCD shielding cylinder between the two antennas and the two shorting strips joined to form a shorting wall are also conducted. Detailed designs of the two antennas are described, and the results thereof are discussed.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
Effects of bending on a flexible metamaterial absorberjournalBEEI
This paper presents a study of bending a metamaterial based absorber. The study of bending is important for textile material since it can be easily crumpled. The basic absorber that is simulated for the study is an annulled circle as the top patch, and metal ground plane that sandwich a textile-based substrate. The center frequency for the absorber is 10.525 GHz. The type of bending is divided into two parts, which is convex bending and concave bending. Through series of simulations, the effects of the bending on the absorptivity and the shifting of the resonant frequency is observed. Also, the study on the change of incident and polarization angle is also included to support the basis of flexible metamaterial absorber affected by the bending.
Comparative analyses of enhancing bandwidth of micro strip patch antennas a s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Switchable dual-band bandpass filter based on stepped impedance resonator wit...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new technique in designing the switchable dual-band bandpass filter at
2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz for WLAN and WiMAX applications. Wideband bandpass filter designed based on
stepped impedance resonator at frequency of 3 GHz. To eliminate the interference from existing system
that operates in the same frequency band, a defected microstrip structure applied and implemented to
produce the notch response. In order to generate the switchable characteristic, the PIN diode was
introduced at the dual-band filter. It exhibits that the measured results for switchable attributes when the
diode is at OFF state, the wide passband is produced with the fractional bandwidth of 62.1 % centered at
2.9 GHz. Meanwhile, for the diode in ON state, the dual-passband has produced which centered at
2.5 GHz and 3.45 GHz. The experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation results. This
structure is very useful for wireless communication systems and its applications.
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new compact patch antenna, which is arranged perpendicular to a circular ground plane, for WLAN operation is presented. The antenna consists mainly of one driven patch and one shorted parasitic patch, which both wind along two concentric circles. A constructed prototype covering the 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated. Good broadside radiation characteristics are obtained across the operating bands. Details of the proposed patch antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed.
This work presents a rectangular of microstrip ultra wideband patch antenna for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-Max) and wireless local area network (WLAN) with a dual band-notched feature. The planned an antenna consists the rectangular of patch antenna with the largely deficient of ground structure. Through inserting slots in the radiating patch, dual notch characteristics may be produced. The suggested antenna is 20×30×1.6 mm3 in volume. The first notch, made by slots operating at the first notch, produced by slots running at 3.5 GHz, for Wi-Max (from 3.3-3.7 GHz), while of a second, created by slots operating at 5.5 GHz, for WLAN (from 5.1-5.8 GHz). An antenna covers the whole ultra-wideband frequency range (3.1-10.6 GHz). Computer simulation technology (CST) 2021 simulation software used for simulate proposed of antenna. A simulated antenna’s emission pattern is almost omnidirectional, and the recommended antenna’s gain is approximately constant over the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum, excluding notch areas.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Semi-circular compact CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a simple structure and small size antenna design with dimensions of 43×47 mm2 to perform an ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range using a semicircular co-planar waveguide (CPW). This antenna has been designed and simulated by the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio suit. In this work, we design an ultra-wideband antenna (about 2 GHz to 10 GHz) by feeding a semi-circular compact antenna via a co-planar waveguide for input impedance of 50 Ω. The CST simulation results show that our designed antenna has a very good impedance and radiation characteristic within the intended ultra-wideband. Because of the small size and the suitable shape, this antenna can be used in many wireless communication applications, such as a radio frequency identifier (RFID), indoor wireless local area network or wireless fidelity (WiFi), internet of things (IoT), millimeter waves communications (mmWave), global positioning system (GPS), and many applications of 6G systems.
Design and characterization of frequency reconfigurable honey bee antenna fo...IJECEIAES
In this article, a frequency reconfigurable honey-bee compact microstrip monopole antenna is proposed which is fed by a microstrip line (50 Ω) having the capability of providing dual-band as well as triple-band operation in eight distinct modes. By embedding three PIN diodes overs the honey bee arms, the effective current distribution is controlled hence resonant frequency is also changed in eight distinct modes in real-time. This is the reason the proposed antenna is portrayed as a frequency reconfigurable antenna in this paper which is suitable for cognitive radio application. This proposed antenna can be used for various wireless application such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), C-band, and X-band applications. The proposed antenna possesses a planner geometry of 39×34×0.87 mm3 which is printed on a substrate as flexible FR-4 (lossy) (εr=4.4 and tanδ=0.019). The proposed antenna exhibits voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 for all 19 resonant frequencies of interest and perceptible radiation pattern over entire frequency bands with a positive gain. CST microwave studio is used to find out all simulated results of antenna parameters.
Design of Compact Monopole Antenna using Double U-DMS Resonators for WLAN, LT...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this research, a novel wide-band microstrip antenna for wideband applications is proposed.
The proposed antenna consists of a square radiating patch and a partial ground plane with a smal
rectangular notch-shape. Two symmetrical U-slots are etched in radiating patch. The defected microstrip
U-shapes and the small notch improve the antenna characterestics such impedance wideband and the
gain along the transmission area. The proposed antenna is simulated on an FR4 substrate of a dielectric
constant of 4.3, thickness 1.6 mm, permittivity 4.4, and loss tangent 0.018. The simulation and optimization
results are carried out using CST software.The antenna topology occupies an area of 30 × 40 × 0.8 mm3
or about 0.629λg × 0.839λg × 0.017λg at 3 GHz (the centerresonance frequency). The antenna covers the
range of 2.1711 to 4.0531 GHz, which meet the requirements of the wireless local area network (WLAN),
worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and LTE (Long Term Evolution) band
applications. Good VSWR, return loss and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency
band of interest. The obtained Simulation results for this antenna depict that it exhibits good radiation
behavior within the transmission frequency range.
A miniaturized printed UWB antenna with dual notching for X-b and and aeronau...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A low cost miniaturized UWB microstrip antenna with dual notched band for X band and aeronautical radio navigation (ARN) is presented in this article. The antenna (19 16×"> 25 mm2) is composed of a half-circular ring as a radiation patch with an incomplete ground plane. The measured results indicate a fractional bandwidth of 112% for 16S11≤-"> 10 dB between 3 to 10.6 GHz. The dual notched band has been achieved by incorporating window shaped microstrip closed ring resonators at the rear surface of the designed structure. The first notch band is centered at 7.5 GHz (7 8.1 GHz) to reject interference with X-band downlink (7.25 to 7.74 GHz) and second band centered at 9.1 GHz (8.6 9.4 GHz) to reject interference with aeronautical radio navigation (ARN) (8.7 to 9.2 GHz). The simulated and measured return loss, radiation pattern, and gain shows good agreement which confirms the applicability of the designed antenna for the intended UWB applications.
In this paper, a novel multi-frequency microstrip antenna with complementary ring slot resonator (CRSR) structure that satisfies Bluetooth, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The conventional antenna consists of a circular microstrip patch at a resonance frequency band of 2.5 GHz. By loading two CRSR at the radiating element, three operating frequency bands 2.5 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5.2 GHz are achieved. The operational bands covered by the antenna are Bluetooth 2.5 GHz, WiMAX 3.6 GHz, and WLAN 5.2 GHz. The insertion of CRSR to patch antenna has made it possible to compact and simple design, and miniaturized antenna for cognitive radio. Moreover, the directivity of the proposed antenna is adequate with acceptable radiation properties and perfectly matches with the simulated and measured results.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONSpijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications
which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4
(lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the
circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of
dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation
Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides
low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around
79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size
and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency
and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONSpijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications
which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4
(lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the
circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of
dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation
Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides
low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around
79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size
and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency
and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS pijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4 (lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around 79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line techniquejournalBEEI
The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.
A compact triband microstrip antenna utilizing hexagonal CSRR for wireless co...journalBEEI
In this paper, a compact triband printed antenna with hexagonal complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) for 4G applications is proposed. The proposed multiband antenna is comprised of a rectangular patch antenna on the top plane, while on the ground plane, hexagonal CSRRs are etched for size miniaturization (at the lower bands) and multiband generation. Another effect of the CSRR is the shifting of the initial resonance of the patch antenna from 5.17 GHz to the higher band of 6.18 GHz. The triband of 180 MHz 2.4~2.59, 150 MHz 2.79~2.94 and 420 MHz 6.04~6.46 GHz bands acquired can cover WLAN/Wi-Fi and WiMAX operating bands adequately. This can be achieved by choosing the optimal size and position of the CSRR on the ground plane carefully. The design occupies a total size of 45 x 45 mm2 using the low-cost FR-4 substrate. Good agreements are obtained between the measured results and the simulated, which are discussed and presented.
The outgrowth of transportable wireless communication devices has pushed designers to design miniature size antennas. The most prized among miniature antenna selections is that the microstrip patch antenna. In this paper, A wideband M-shaped microstrip patch antenna has been designed for wireless communications such as Radar, Satellite and Microwave communications etc. A substrate of low dielectric constant named Rogers RT5880 is selected to obtain a compact radiating structure that meets the demanding bandwidth specification. The designed antenna has a dimension of 28.9mm by 24.20mm. The reflection coefficient at the input of the optimized M-shaped microstrip patch antenna is below −10 dB. The measurement results are in excellent agreement with the Sonnet Suite simulation results to analyze the performance. Simulation results show that the impedance bandwidth is 48.78% of the center frequency. This Method of Moment based simulation software provides the results in terms of S11 parameter, Return Loss, VSWR, etc. which is quite useful to analyze the antenna performance. The proposed microstrip patch antenna is suitable for C-band communication. The Bandwidth obtained for C-band communications is greater than other existing M-shape microstrip patch antennas.
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a reconfigurable dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented.
The antenna design consists of a circular shape with two pairs of the L-resonator. To realize the notch
characteristics in WLAN at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, the half wavelength of the L-resonator is
introduced in the design. The T-shaped notch is etched in the ground to enhance the bandwidth which
covers the UWB operating frequency range from 3.219–10.863 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable dual
band-notched UWB antenna shows good impedance matching for the simulated in the physical layout.
Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a compact size of 37.6x28 mm2. This proposed reconfigurable
design can provide an alternative solution for the wireless system in the designing of a band-notched
antenna with a good tuning capability.
Similar to A miniaturized hairpin resonator for the high selectivity of WLAN bandwidth (20)
Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipherjournalBEEI
The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.
Hyper-parameter optimization of convolutional neural network based on particl...journalBEEI
Deep neural networks have accomplished enormous progress in tackling many problems. More specifically, convolutional neural network (CNN) is a category of deep networks that have been a dominant technique in computer vision tasks. Despite that these deep neural networks are highly effective; the ideal structure is still an issue that needs a lot of investigation. Deep Convolutional Neural Network model is usually designed manually by trials and repeated tests which enormously constrain its application. Many hyper-parameters of the CNN can affect the model performance. These parameters are depth of the network, numbers of convolutional layers, and numbers of kernels with their sizes. Therefore, it may be a huge challenge to design an appropriate CNN model that uses optimized hyper-parameters and reduces the reliance on manual involvement and domain expertise. In this paper, a design architecture method for CNNs is proposed by utilization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to learn the optimal CNN hyper-parameters values. In the experiment, we used Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database of handwritten digit recognition. The experiments showed that our proposed approach can find an architecture that is competitive to the state-of-the-art models with a testing error of 0.87%.
Supervised machine learning based liver disease prediction approach with LASS...journalBEEI
In this contemporary era, the uses of machine learning techniques are increasing rapidly in the field of medical science for detecting various diseases such as liver disease (LD). Around the globe, a large number of people die because of this deadly disease. By diagnosing the disease in a primary stage, early treatment can be helpful to cure the patient. In this research paper, a method is proposed to diagnose the LD using supervised machine learning classification algorithms, namely logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, KNN, linear discriminant analysis, gradient boosting and support vector machine (SVM). We also deployed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection technique on our taken dataset to suggest the most highly correlated attributes of LD. The predictions with 10 fold cross-validation (CV) made by the algorithms are tested in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision and f1-score values to forecast the disease. It is observed that the decision tree algorithm has the best performance score where accuracy, precision, sensitivity and f1-score values are 94.295%, 92%, 99% and 96% respectively with the inclusion of LASSO. Furthermore, a comparison with recent studies is shown to prove the significance of the proposed system.
A secure and energy saving protocol for wireless sensor networksjournalBEEI
The research domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been extensively conducted due to innovative technologies and research directions that have come up addressing the usability of WSN under various schemes. This domain permits dependable tracking of a diversity of environments for both military and civil applications. The key management mechanism is a primary protocol for keeping the privacy and confidentiality of the data transmitted among different sensor nodes in WSNs. Since node's size is small; they are intrinsically limited by inadequate resources such as battery life-time and memory capacity. The proposed secure and energy saving protocol (SESP) for wireless sensor networks) has a significant impact on the overall network life-time and energy dissipation. To encrypt sent messsages, the SESP uses the public-key cryptography’s concept. It depends on sensor nodes' identities (IDs) to prevent the messages repeated; making security goals- authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and freshness to be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed approach produced better energy consumption and network life-time compared to LEACH protocol; sensors are dead after 900 rounds in the proposed SESP protocol. While, in the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) scheme, the sensors are dead after 750 rounds.
Plant leaf identification system using convolutional neural networkjournalBEEI
This paper proposes a leaf identification system using convolutional neural network (CNN). This proposed system can identify five types of local Malaysia leaf which were acacia, papaya, cherry, mango and rambutan. By using CNN from deep learning, the network is trained from the database that acquired from leaf images captured by mobile phone for image classification. ResNet-50 was the architecture has been used for neural networks image classification and training the network for leaf identification. The recognition of photographs leaves requested several numbers of steps, starting with image pre-processing, feature extraction, plant identification, matching and testing, and finally extracting the results achieved in MATLAB. Testing sets of the system consists of 3 types of images which were white background, and noise added and random background images. Finally, interfaces for the leaf identification system have developed as the end software product using MATLAB app designer. As a result, the accuracy achieved for each training sets on five leaf classes are recorded above 98%, thus recognition process was successfully implemented.
Customized moodle-based learning management system for socially disadvantaged...journalBEEI
This study aims to develop Moodle-based LMS with customized learning content and modified user interface to facilitate pedagogical processes during covid-19 pandemic and investigate how teachers of socially disadvantaged schools perceived usability and technology acceptance. Co-design process was conducted with two activities: 1) need assessment phase using an online survey and interview session with the teachers and 2) the development phase of the LMS. The system was evaluated by 30 teachers from socially disadvantaged schools for relevance to their distance learning activities. We employed computer software usability questionnaire (CSUQ) to measure perceived usability and the technology acceptance model (TAM) with insertion of 3 original variables (i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use) and 5 external variables (i.e., attitude toward the system, perceived interaction, self-efficacy, user interface design, and course design). The average CSUQ rating exceeded 5.0 of 7 point-scale, indicated that teachers agreed that the information quality, interaction quality, and user interface quality were clear and easy to understand. TAM results concluded that the LMS design was judged to be usable, interactive, and well-developed. Teachers reported an effective user interface that allows effective teaching operations and lead to the system adoption in immediate time.
Understanding the role of individual learner in adaptive and personalized e-l...journalBEEI
Dynamic learning environment has emerged as a powerful platform in a modern e-learning system. The learning situation that constantly changing has forced the learning platform to adapt and personalize its learning resources for students. Evidence suggested that adaptation and personalization of e-learning systems (APLS) can be achieved by utilizing learner modeling, domain modeling, and instructional modeling. In the literature of APLS, questions have been raised about the role of individual characteristics that are relevant for adaptation. With several options, a new problem has been raised where the attributes of students in APLS often overlap and are not related between studies. Therefore, this study proposed a list of learner model attributes in dynamic learning to support adaptation and personalization. The study was conducted by exploring concepts from the literature selected based on the best criteria. Then, we described the results of important concepts in student modeling and provided definitions and examples of data values that researchers have used. Besides, we also discussed the implementation of the selected learner model in providing adaptation in dynamic learning.
Prototype mobile contactless transaction system in traditional markets to sup...journalBEEI
One way to prevent and reduce the spread of the covid-19 pandemic is through physical distancing program. This research aims to develop a prototype contactless transaction system using digital payment mechanisms and QR code technology that will be applied in traditional markets. The method used in the development of electronic market systems is a prototype approach. The application of QR code and digital payments are used as a solution to minimize money exchange contacts that are common in traditional markets. The results showed that the system built was able to accelerate and facilitate the buying and selling transaction process in traditional market environment. Alpha testing shows that all functional systems are running well. Meanwhile, beta testing shows that the user can very well accept the system that was built. The results of the study also show acceptance of the usefulness of the system being built, as well as the optimism of its users to be able to take advantage of this system both technologically and functionally, so its can be a part of the digital transformation of the traditional market to the electronic market and has become one of the solutions in reducing the spread of the current covid-19 pandemic.
Wireless HART stack using multiprocessor technique with laxity algorithmjournalBEEI
The use of a real-time operating system is required for the demarcation of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) stacks (RTOS). In the industrial world, a vast number of sensors are utilised to gather various types of data. The data gathered by the sensors cannot be prioritised ahead of time. Because all of the information is equally essential. As a result, a protocol stack is employed to guarantee that data is acquired and processed fairly. In IWSN, the protocol stack is implemented using RTOS. The data collected from IWSN sensor nodes is processed using non-preemptive scheduling and the protocol stack, and then sent in parallel to the IWSN's central controller. The real-time operating system (RTOS) is a process that occurs between hardware and software. Packets must be sent at a certain time. It's possible that some packets may collide during transmission. We're going to undertake this project to get around this collision. As a prototype, this project is divided into two parts. The first uses RTOS and the LPC2148 as a master node, while the second serves as a standard data collection node to which sensors are attached. Any controller may be used in the second part, depending on the situation. Wireless HART allows two nodes to communicate with each other.
Implementation of double-layer loaded on octagon microstrip yagi antennajournalBEEI
A double-layer loaded on the octagon microstrip yagi antenna (OMYA) at 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) Band is investigated in this paper. The double-layer consist of two double positive (DPS) substrates. The OMYA is overlaid with a double-layer configuration were simulated, fabricated and measured. A good agreement was observed between the computed and measured results of the gain for this antenna. According to comparison results, it shows that 2.5 dB improvement of the OMYA gain can be obtained by applying the double-layer on the top of the OMYA. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the measured OMYA with the double-layer is 14.6%. It indicates that the double-layer can be used to increase the OMYA performance in term of gain and bandwidth.
The calculation of the field of an antenna located near the human headjournalBEEI
In this work, a numerical calculation was carried out in one of the universal programs for automatic electro-dynamic design. The calculation is aimed at obtaining numerical values for specific absorbed power (SAR). It is the SAR value that can be used to determine the effect of the antenna of a wireless device on biological objects; the dipole parameters will be selected for GSM1800. Investigation of the influence of distance to a cell phone on radiation shows that absorbed in the head of a person the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the brain decreases by three times this is a very important result the SAR value has decreased by almost three times it is acceptable results.
Exact secure outage probability performance of uplinkdownlink multiple access...journalBEEI
In this paper, we study uplink-downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems by considering the secure performance at the physical layer. In the considered system model, the base station acts a relay to allow two users at the left side communicate with two users at the right side. By considering imperfect channel state information (CSI), the secure performance need be studied since an eavesdropper wants to overhear signals processed at the downlink. To provide secure performance metric, we derive exact expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and and evaluating the impacts of main parameters on SOP metric. The important finding is that we can achieve the higher secrecy performance at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high SNR. Finally, our results show that the power allocation factors, target rates are main factors affecting to the secrecy performance of considered uplink-downlink NOMA systems.
Design of a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applicationjournalBEEI
This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna to enhance the better result of the antenna parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, to develop a new design and validate the antenna frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. At 5.4 GHz, more data can be transmitted compare to 2.4 GHz. However, 2.4 GHz has long distance of radiation, so it can be used when far away from the antenna module compare to 5 GHz that has short distance in radiation. The development of this project includes the scope of designing and testing of antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) 2018 software and vector network analyzer (VNA) equipment. In the process of designing, fundamental parameters of antenna are being measured and validated, in purpose to identify the better antenna performance.
Transforming data-centric eXtensible markup language into relational database...journalBEEI
eXtensible markup language (XML) appeared internationally as the format for data representation over the web. Yet, most organizations are still utilising relational databases as their database solutions. As such, it is crucial to provide seamless integration via effective transformation between these database infrastructures. In this paper, we propose XML-REG to bridge these two technologies based on node-based and path-based approaches. The node-based approach is good to annotate each positional node uniquely, while the path-based approach provides summarised path information to join the nodes. On top of that, a new range labelling is also proposed to annotate nodes uniquely by ensuring the structural relationships are maintained between nodes. If a new node is to be added to the document, re-labelling is not required as the new label will be assigned to the node via the new proposed labelling scheme. Experimental evaluations indicated that the performance of XML-REG exceeded XMap, XRecursive, XAncestor and Mini-XML concerning storing time, query retrieval time and scalability. This research produces a core framework for XML to relational databases (RDB) mapping, which could be adopted in various industries.
Key performance requirement of future next wireless networks (6G)journalBEEI
Given the massive potentials of 5G communication networks and their foreseeable evolution, what should there be in 6G that is not in 5G or its long-term evolution? 6G communication networks are estimated to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a forceful network which would be faster, more reliable, and can support a massive number of devices with ultra-low latency requirements. This article presents a complete overview of potential 6G communication networks. The major contribution of this study is to present a broad overview of key performance indicators (KPIs) of 6G networks that cover the latest manufacturing progress in the environment of the principal areas of research application, and challenges.
Noise resistance territorial intensity-based optical flow using inverse confi...journalBEEI
This paper presents the use of the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function with the territorial intensity-based optical flow to prove the effectiveness in noise resistance environment. In general, the image’s motion vector is coded by the technique called optical flow where the sequences of the image are used to determine the motion vector. But, the accuracy rate of the motion vector is reduced when the source of image sequences is interfered by noises. This work proved that the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function can increase the percentage of accuracy in the motion vector determination by the territorial intensity-based optical flow under the noisy environment. We performed the testing with several kinds of non-Gaussian noises at several patterns of standard image sequences by analyzing the result of the motion vector in a form of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and compared it with several noise resistance techniques in territorial intensity-based optical flow method.
Modeling climate phenomenon with software grids analysis and display system i...journalBEEI
This study aims to model climate change based on rainfall, air temperature, pressure, humidity and wind with grADS software and create a global warming module. This research uses 3D model, define, design, and develop. The results of the modeling of the five climate elements consist of the annual average temperature in Indonesia in 2009-2015 which is between 29oC to 30.1oC, the horizontal distribution of the annual average pressure in Indonesia in 2009-2018 is between 800 mBar to 1000 mBar, the horizontal distribution the average annual humidity in Indonesia in 2009 and 2011 ranged between 27-57, in 2012-2015, 2017 and 2018 it ranged between 30-60, during the East Monsoon, the wind circulation moved from northern Indonesia to the southern region Indonesia. During the west monsoon, the wind circulation moves from the southern part of Indonesia to the northern part of Indonesia. The global warming module for SMA/MA produced is feasible to use, this is in accordance with the value given by the validate of 69 which is in the appropriate category and the response of teachers and students through a 91% questionnaire.
An approach of re-organizing input dataset to enhance the quality of emotion ...journalBEEI
The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach of re-organizing input data to recognize emotion based on short signal segments and increase the quality of emotional recognition using physiological signals. MIT's long physiological signal set was divided into two new datasets, with shorter and overlapped segments. Three different classification methods (support vector machine, random forest, and multilayer perceptron) were implemented to identify eight emotional states based on statistical features of each segment in these two datasets. By re-organizing the input dataset, the quality of recognition results was enhanced. The random forest shows the best classification result among three implemented classification methods, with an accuracy of 97.72% for eight emotional states, on the overlapped dataset. This approach shows that, by re-organizing the input dataset, the high accuracy of recognition results can be achieved without the use of EEG and ECG signals.
Parking detection system using background subtraction and HSV color segmentationjournalBEEI
Manual system vehicle parking makes finding vacant parking lots difficult, so it has to check directly to the vacant space. If many people do parking, then the time needed for it is very much or requires many people to handle it. This research develops a real-time parking system to detect parking. The system is designed using the HSV color segmentation method in determining the background image. In addition, the detection process uses the background subtraction method. Applying these two methods requires image preprocessing using several methods such as grayscaling, blurring (low-pass filter). In addition, it is followed by a thresholding and filtering process to get the best image in the detection process. In the process, there is a determination of the ROI to determine the focus area of the object identified as empty parking. The parking detection process produces the best average accuracy of 95.76%. The minimum threshold value of 255 pixels is 0.4. This value is the best value from 33 test data in several criteria, such as the time of capture, composition and color of the vehicle, the shape of the shadow of the object’s environment, and the intensity of light. This parking detection system can be implemented in real-time to determine the position of an empty place.
Quality of service performances of video and voice transmission in universal ...journalBEEI
The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) has distinct benefits in that it supports a wide range of quality of service (QoS) criteria that users require in order to fulfill their requirements. The transmission of video and audio in real-time applications places a high demand on the cellular network, therefore QoS is a major problem in these applications. The ability to provide QoS in the UMTS backbone network necessitates an active QoS mechanism in order to maintain the necessary level of convenience on UMTS networks. For UMTS networks, investigation models for end-to-end QoS, total transmitted and received data, packet loss, and throughput providing techniques are run and assessed and the simulation results are examined. According to the results, appropriate QoS adaption allows for specific voice and video transmission. Finally, by analyzing existing QoS parameters, the QoS performance of 4G/UMTS networks may be improved.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
2. Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
A miniaturized hairpin resonator for the high selectivity of WLAN bandwidth (S. M. Kayser Azam)
917
To miniaturize the resonator, a fragmented loaded-resonator has been introduced in [7]. Despite the
resonator ensures a small dimension, the fragmented design is cumbersome to implement. In fact, there is no
clear-cut methodology of the fragmented loaded-resonator that can be implemented with different
specifications. In addition, the resonator transmits the signal from the out-band since the center frequency is
not selected at the middle of the WLAN bandwidth. To further miniaturize the resonators for the bandpass
applications, defected ground structure (DGS) technique has been applied in [8]. The filter based on DGS
in [8] occupies a very small area of 154 mm2
. Yet, the filter based on DGS in [8] provides more insertion loss
than that of the resonator in [7]. Meanwhile, the insertion loss is remarkable decreased to -0.40 dB by using
the ring resonator in [9] with the short-ended self-coupled technique but it requires a voluminous dimension.
For achieving a compact dimension, a filter has been proposed in [10] by using the substrate integrated
waveguide (SIW) technique along with the DGS. Despite the resonator covers a small area of 110.5 mm2
, it
offers a high insertion loss of -2.30 dB that is a noticeable limitaion of the design. Whereas, in [11]
a microstrip hairpin resonator has been presented with a precise selectivity of the center frequency.
However, the resonator offers a bulky chip area with a large fractional bandwidth that is unable to eliminate
the out-band signal for the WLAN bandwidth. Recently, filters with the microstrip stepped impedance
resonator (SIR) technique [12], [13] have been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the large fractional
bandwidth, the high insertion loss and the bulky chip area. In [12], the filter offers a small chip area but with
an inappropriate fractional bandwidth for attenuating out-band signals of WLAN bandwidth. Meanwhile
in [13], a bandpass filter has been introduced that suffers from an unsatisfactory physical dimension and
incompatible center frequency for tightly selecting the WLAN bandwidth. In recent, a frequency-dependent
source-load coupling technique and the coupled line radial stubs-based technique [14], [15] are proposed.
However, these filters yet have the drawbacks of loosely selecting the WLAN bandwidth of 100 MHz
by lowering the insertion loss and eliminating the out-band signal.
To deal with these problems, a miniaturized hairpin resonator with bandpass response has been
introduced in this article. The resonator is designed at a center frequency of 2.45 GHz which is exactly the
middle frequency of WLAN bandwidth. The designed hairpin resnoator tightly selects the entire band of
WLAN bandwidth with the lowest insertion loss of -0.36 dB and a small area of 166.82 mm2
.
2. RESONATOR SYNTHESIS
Prior to designing the hairpin resonator, a second-ordered Chebyshev ideal low pass filter prototype
has been chosen for transforming it into the bandpass response with lossless lumped components by
employing the conventional technique of filter design [16]. Element values have been selected for an ideal
Chebyshev response with a 0.01 dB ripple. Hence, , , and are
selected for the second-ordered Chebyshev response. It is noteworthy, a 100 MHz bandwidth is estimated for
the 2.45 GHz center frequency so that the entire WLAN bandwidth is covered. However, because the
resonator is to be realized by the microstrip planar technology, the lossless lumped components have been
translated into the microstrip lines by the characteristic impedance ( ) technique [16, 17]. For the
characteristic impedance technique, the dielectric substrate considered for the microstrip design has the
effective dielectric permittivity ( ) by employing the equations below.
√ ⁄
(1)
√
( ) (2)
√ * ( )+
(3)
In these equations above, the width ( ) of a microstrip line, the thickness ( ) of the substrate and
the dielectric permittivity ( ) of the substrate material determine the characteristic impedance of the
microstrip line. Equation (2) is valid for obtaining the characteristic impedance of any microstrip line while
the ratio between and is below 1. Whereas, (3) is applicable when the same ratio is above 1.
Following the aforementioned technique, the Taconic TLX-8 substrate has been selected for
designing the hairpin resonator. This substrate has the of 2.55 and the tangent loss-factor of 0.0019.
Moreover, the Taconic TLX-8 substrate has a thickness of 0.5 mm excluding the copper thickness. Such a
thin substrate layer makes it a good candidate for wearable and less-weighted applications. On the basis of
the coupled-line theory [16], the proposed resonator has been designed at 2.45 GHz center frequency.
3. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf, Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2019 : 916 – 922
918
Figure 1 illustrates the construction of the proposed resonator. In Figure 1(a), a rectangular-shaped resonator
has been coupled at the two larger stubs ( and ) with two comb-lines ( and ) in a way so that
. Therefore, a strong electric coupling has been achieved because of the mutual capacitance
between every comb-line and the larger stub of the rectangular loop. At the complementary ends of each
comb-line, microstrip tapered lines are connected to construct a short-circuited path to the ground plane via
conductor. Consequently, each of the comb-lines is short-circuited by the stepped impedance technique.
Meanwhile, each of the edges of the rectangular loop has been meandered to guide the electromagnetic wave
along the resonator so that a less insertion loss is found. In turn, the rectangular loop traps the
electromagnetic wave for a while to feed the coupled-lines. It is noteworthy, the rectangular loop has been
constructed with the same value of high impedance as the comb-lines. Such a construction improves the
coupling effect for the whole design. The gap ( ) in Figure 1(a) determines the insertion loss level. Although
the level of the insertion loss is decreased by decreasing the gap ( ), the level of the return loss also increases
in this case. Thus, an optimized value for the gap has been chosen to design the resonator. Whereas, lengths
of , , and determine the frequency of resonance. Because these lengths are equal for this design,
perturbation of the resonant frequency can be performed by changing the lengths with the same increment
or decrement.
To feed the resonator from the two ports, microstrip lines of 50 Ω impedance have been utilized.
Generally, for feed-lines, the length of microstrip lines is of a quarter-wave length. It is a useful technique to
avoid erroneous impedance-matching. However, in this design, feed-lines are much shorter than the quarter-
wave length by employing a technique of connecting the resonator with the feed-lines via the tapered lines.
Such a technique can remarkably elminate the dependency of quarter-wave length for the feed-lines. As a
result, this technique is useful to miniaturize the design. In Figure 1(b), a lossless equivalent circuit has been
illustrated to replace the microstrip impedance. Typically, the series combination of the total inductance and
capacitance of any microstrip line represents its impedance since the microstrip lines are of distributed type.
(a)
(b)
Figure 1. Proposed resonato,r (a) layout view, (b) lossless equivalent circuit [16]
4. Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
A miniaturized hairpin resonator for the high selectivity of WLAN bandwidth (S. M. Kayser Azam)
919
The equivalent -tank that represents the distributed impedance of the microstrip line. Therefore,
the total equivalent inductance and the capacitance determine the center frequency ( ) for the resonant
mode. For a particular microstrip resonator, the total inductance and the total capacitance determine
the as follow.
√
(4)
In this equation, for the microstrip resonator, the total inductance is denoted by and the total
capacitance is denoted by . As a result, each stub is represented by its series equivalent of total and .
For example, the short-circuited tapered line at port 1 in Figure 1(a) has been represented by its total
inductance because a short-circuited stub works as an inductive path to the ground plane. In Figure 1(b),
works as a parallel capacitor that represents the mutual capacitance because of the electric coupling
between the comb-lines and rectangular loop. Because the equivalent circuit in Figure 1(b) characterizes the
whole resonator construction, a total inductance and capacitance can be obtained from the equivalent circuit
so that the resonant mode is found. Table 1 provides the corresponding dimensions of the hairpin resonator to
construct its layout.
Table 1. Dimensions of the resonator
Name Length (mm) Width (mm)
20.2 0.4
20.2 0.4
20.2 0.4
20.2 0.4
2.1 0.4
2.1 0.4
g 20.2 0.3
3. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
The hairpin resonator has been designed and simulated with the Advanced Design System (ADS)
2017 and CST Microwave Studio 2017 CAD-softwares. When the layout of the hairpin resonator has been
generated, an electromagnetic momentum (EM) simulation has been carried out to analyze the performance
of the resonator. Figure 2 shows the S-parameter response of the hairpin resonator. It has been observed that
in the WLAN bandwidth, the resonator has a second-ordered quasi-Chebyshev response with the center
frequency at 2.45 GHz. The return is found as minimum as -36.71 dB. Whereas, the insertion loss of the
hairpin resonator has been decreased with the maximally flat response with a minimum value of -0.36 dB.
Figure 2. S-parameter response of the filter in WLAN frequency region
5. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf, Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2019 : 916 – 922
920
As mentioned earlier, the resonator has a maximally flat response for the insertion loss, it exibits a
better insertion loss than -0.50 dB by covering a 70 MHz bandwith (2.42~2.49 GHz). In addition, the level of
insertion loss is not worse than -1 dB for the entire 100 MHz WLAN bandwidth apart from the sharp roll-off
factor of the resonator. This clearly indicates the ability of the hairpin resonator to introduce a high selectivity
of the WLAN bandwidth with an improved transmission feature. However, the proposed hairpin resonator
has a factional bandwidth (FBW) of 5.37%.
Figure 3 indicates the surface current density and the quality factor of the hairpin resonator. For the
non-resonant mode in Figure 3(a), if the electromagnetic signal passes from one port to another, a very small
amount of surface current is accumulated near the transmitting port. This refers that the resonator rejects the
electromagnetic signal to travel with a full transmission from one port to the other at the non-resonant mode.
Whereas according to Figure 3(b), at the resonant mode, a very high current density is found at the
both comb-lines of the hairpin resonator. In fact, the surface current density obtains its highest value over one
comb-line first and then decreases with the change of phase until another comb-line receives the same highest
value. Such a phenomenon continues to happen throughout the resonant mode since the electromagnetic
signal is trapped inside the hairpin resonator for a moment by employing the combination of a magnetic and
an electric coupling effects of short-circuited comb-lines. Such a technique also improves the group-delay
peak-based quality factor ( ) of the hairpin resonator whereas frequency (transmission
group-delay).
(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 3. Hairpin resonator performance, (a) surface current density at the non-resonant mode,
(b) surface current density at the resonant mode, (c) group-delay peak-based quality factor
To implement the hairpin resonator on the Taconic TLX-8 substrate, the conventional etching
process has been carried out. The comparison between the simulated and measured results has been presented
in Figure 4. Due to the overreaction of the etching process in a laboratory scale and imperfect soldering of the
ports, there has been a noticeable increase of insertion loss in the measured results. However, more
agreement between the simulated and measured results is expected by an accurate implementation of the
proposed resonator with the industrial process. Nevertheless, for a wideband response as in Figure 4,
two transmission zeros at the both ends of the passband ensure the filtering stability of the hairpin resonator
on a practical basis.
6. Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
A miniaturized hairpin resonator for the high selectivity of WLAN bandwidth (S. M. Kayser Azam)
921
Figure 4. Wideband response of the implemented hairpin resonator (inset)
Within the same scope, the overall simulated performance of the hairpin resonator has been shown
on Table 2 for a comparison with the simulated results of some resonators that are proposed very recently.
Such a comparison indicates that the desinged hairpin resonator offers a high selectivity of WLAN
bandwidth with a low insertion loss and small size.
Table 2. Performance comparison
Ref.
Resonator attributes
(GHz)
FBW
(%) (dB) (dB)
Area
(mm2
)
Substrate
[5] 2.400 9.16 -0.47 -26.00 569.6 RO4003C
[6] 2.426 13.81 -0.56 -40.00 507.8 F4B
[7] 2.410 5.80 -0.67 -40.00 384.0 RO4003
[8] 2.400 4.83 -0.90 -19.50 154.0 RT/duroid
[9] 2.420 6.60 -0.40 -36.00 3800.0 RO4003
[10] 2.400 5.80 -2.30 -19.00 110.5 RO4003
[11] 2.450 16.40 -1.91 -18.00 1520.0 FR4
[12] 2.430 15.31 -0.80 -27.50 174.8 RT/Duroid
[13] 2.400 8.33 -0.65 -37.00 600.0 FR4
[14] 2.400 3.50 -0.50 -30.00 325.1 RT/Duroid
[15] 2.400 9.17 -2.07 -14.93 625.0 FR4
This
work
2.450 5.37 -0.36 -36.71 166.82
Taconic
TLX-8
4. CONCLUSION
A miniaturized hairpin resonator has been designed and implemented at a center frequency of 2.45
GHz. The resonator sharply selects the 100 MHz WLAN bandwidth with a low insertion loss. The effect of
the electrical coupling between the rectangular loop and the short-circuited comb-lines plays a significant
role to introduce a quasi-Chebyshev response by providing a maximally flat level of the insertion loss over
the WLAN passband. A high attenuation over the stopband is also obtained so that the unwanted out-band
signal is tightly eliminated. The proposed hairpin resonator is symmetrical and miniaturized in dimension
which is less costly and cumbersome to implement for WLAN applications. Due to the increase of the group-
delay peak-based quality factor, this resonator is expected to be used further in the low-noise radio frequency
integrated circuits (RFICs) applications.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research has been supported by the Research Management Centre, International Islamic
University Malaysia under the project of RIGS17-006-0581.
7. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng and Inf, Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2019 : 916 – 922
922
REFERENCES
[1] S. M. K. Azam, M. I. Ibrahimy, S. M. A. Motakabber and A. K. M. Z. Hossain, “Microstrip Coupled Line
Bandpass Filter with Radial Stubs for Narrow-Band Applications,” Intl. J. GEOMATE, vol. 13, no. 40,
pp. 183–188, Dec. 2017.
[2] S. M. K. Azam, M. I. Ibrahimy and S. M. A. Motakabber, “Reduction of phase noise for inductor based ultra-wide
band voltage controlled oscillator,” in Int. Conf. Commun., Control, Computing and Electronics Engineering
(ICCCCEE), Khartoum, Jan. 2017, pp. 1-4.
[3] M. S. Islam, M. I. Ibrahimy, S. M. A. Motakabber and A. K. M. Z. Hossain, “A Rectangular Inset-Fed Patch
Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for ISM Band,” in Proc. 7th Intl. Conf. Computer and Communication
Engineering (ICCCE), Kuala Lumpur, 2018, pp. 104-108.
[4] A. K. M. Z. Hossain, S. M. A. Motakabber and M. I. Ibrahimy. “Microstrip Spiral Resonator for the UWB Chipless
RFID Tag.” In Progress in Systems Engineering, Cham, Springer, pp. 355-358, 2015.
[5] I. Islam, N. Islam and M. Haque, “A miniaturized interdigital hairpin microstrip bandpass filter design,” in Intl.
Conf. Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), Dhaka, May. 2013, pp. 1-4.
[6] F. Cheng, X. Lin, P. Zhang, K. Song, and Y. Fan, “A microstrip bandpass filter based on inductive coupled quarter-
wavelength resonators,” Microw. Optical Technol. Lett., vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1031–1033, May. 2013.
[7] Q. Zhao, G. Wang, and D. Ding, “Compact microstrip bandpass filter with fragment-loaded resonators,” Microw.
Optical Technol. Lett., vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 2896–2899, Dec. 2014.
[8] K. Song, F. Zhang, and Y. Fan, “Miniaturized dual-band bandpass filter with good frequency selectivity using SIR
and DGS,” AEU–Intl. J. Electron. Commun., vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 384–387, May 2014.
[9] H. Wang, K.-W. Tam, S.-K. Ho, W. Kang, and W. Wu, “Short-Ended Self-Coupled Ring Resonator and Its
Application for Balanced Filter Design,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 312–314, May
2014.
[10] S. Xu, K. Ma, F. Meng, and K. S. Yeo, “Novel Defected Ground Structure and Two-Side Loading Scheme for
Miniaturized Dual-Band SIW Bandpass Filter Designs,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 25, no. 4, pp.
217–219, Apr. 2015.
[11] S. Mora, Y. Alonso, N. Vargas, J. Vera, and J. Avendano, “Design of a bandpass filter using microstrip Hairpin
resonators,”in CHILEAN Conf. Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies
(CHILECON), Oct. 2017, pp. 1–5.
[12] J. W. Eun and J.-H. Lee, “A microstrip dual-band bandpass filter using feed line with SIR,” IEICE Electron.
Express, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 20170022–20170022, 2017.
[13] C. Kim, T. H. Lee, B. Shrestha, and K. C. Son, “Miniaturized dual-band bandpass filter based on stepped
impedance resonators,” Microw. Optical Technol. Lett., vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1116–1119, May 2017.
[14] H.-W. Deng, F. Liu, T. Xu, L. Sun, and Y.-F. Xue, “Compact and high selectivity dual-mode microstrip BPF with
frequency-dependent source–load coupling,” Electron. Lett., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 219–221, Jan. 2018.
[15] A. R. Othman and A. Ahmad, “Design and optimisation of narrow dual bandpass filter using bell-shaped structure
for RF receiver system,” Intl. J. Wireless and Mobile Computing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 64-69, 2018.
[16] S. M. K. Azam, M. I. Ibrahimy, S. M. A. Motakabber and A. K. M. Zakir Hossain, “A Compact Bandpass Filter
Using Microstrip Hairpin Resonator for WLAN Applications,” in Proc. 7th Intl. Conf. on Computer and
Communication Engineering (ICCCE), Kuala Lumpur, Sep. 2018, pp. 313-316.
[17] S. Azizi, M. E. Halaoui, A. Kaabal, S. Ahyoud and A. Asselman, “Enhanced Bandwidth of Band Pass Filter Using
a Defected Microstrip Structure for Wideband Applications,” Intl. J. Electrical and Computer Engineering
(IJECE), vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 5260-5267, Dec. 2018.