OPTEK SENIOR A 2.pptx
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This document provides information on various gynecological surgical procedures including ovarian cystectomy, salpingectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, myomectomy, and abdominal hysterectomy. It describes the techniques, points of caution, and common indications for each procedure. Key steps are outlined for ovarian cyst removal, fallopian tube removal or resection, and fibroid removal from the uterus. Common injury sites during pelvic surgery and hemostasis techniques are also mentioned.
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Vaginal hysterectomy is a procedure to remove the uterus through the vagina. It has advantages over abdominal hysterectomy like earlier recovery, less pain, and lower morbidity. The key steps involve exposing and clamping the uterine vessels and ligaments, then removing the uterus. The vaginal cuff and pelvic floor are repaired with sutures to prevent prolapse. Post-operative care involves bladder drainage, antibiotics, pain relief, and monitoring for potential complications like bleeding or infection.
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1. Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and sometimes other reproductive organs. It can be performed abdominally through an incision in the abdomen, vaginally through the vagina, or laparoscopically through small incisions using specialized instruments.
2. Over 600,000 hysterectomies are performed annually in the US, most commonly to treat benign conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or uterine prolapse. The preferred method is vaginal hysterectomy when possible due to faster recovery.
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The document discusses different types of urogenital fistulas including their causes, presentations, diagnoses, and surgical repair techniques. It describes vesicovaginal, urethrovaginal, and ureterovaginal fistulas in detail, outlining their etiologies from obstetric trauma or surgery and treatments including surgical repairs via vaginal or abdominal approaches. Prevention strategies to avoid fistula formation during childbirth or gynecological procedures are also provided.
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- Myomectomy - removal of uterine fibroids, leaving the uterus intact to preserve fertility.
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1. Prevention focuses on limiting pelvic floor injury during childbirth through measures like avoiding prolonged labor and encouraging postnatal exercises.
2. Treatment is usually only when prolapse causes symptoms that interfere with daily activity.
3. Management options include conservative measures like pelvic floor exercises and pessaries, as well as surgical procedures like vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair to correct defects.
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Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
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This document discusses the prevention and management of uterine prolapse. Key points include:
1. Prevention focuses on limiting pelvic floor injury during childbirth through measures like avoiding prolonged labor and encouraging postnatal exercises.
2. Treatment is usually only when prolapse causes symptoms that interfere with daily activity.
3. Management options include conservative measures like pelvic floor exercises and pessaries, as well as surgical procedures like vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair to correct defects.
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- HSG is used to evaluate the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes by injecting radio-opaque dye through the cervix. It can detect abnormalities in the shape of the uterus and fallopian tube blockages.
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This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
RESPIRATORY DISEASES by bhavya kelavadiya
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
2nd-generation Antihistaminic Part I.pptx
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
Patellar Instability: Diagnosis Management
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Treat Blocked Fallopian Tubes.pptx
There are many traditional Chinese medicine therapies to treat blocked fallopian tubes. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill is one of the more effective choices.
Cluster Mapping of Medical Tourism in Turkey and Regional Clustering for Heal...
Cluster Mapping of Medical Tourism in Turkey and Regional Clustering for Heal...Istanbul Beykent University (İstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi)
As the world population is aging, Health tourism has become vitally important and will be increased day by day. Because
of the availability of quality health services and more favorable prices as well as to shorten the waiting list for medical
services regionally and internationally. There are some aspects of managing and doing marketing activities in order for
medical tourism to be feasible, in a region called as clustering in a region with main stakeholders groups includes Health
providers, Tourism cluster, etc. There are some related and affecting factors to be considered for the feasibility of medical
tourism within this study such as competitiveness, clustering, Entrepreneurship, SMEs. One of the growth phenomenon
is Health tourism in the city of Izmir and Turkey. The model of five competitive forces of Porter and The Diamond model
that is an economical model that shows the four main factors that affect the competitiveness of a nation and its industries
in this study. The short literature of medical tourism and regional clustering have been mentioned.Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
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Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Brain specific drug delivery.pptx -Mpharm
BBB and BCF
control the entry of compounds into the brain and
regulate brain homeostasis.
restricts access to brain cells of blood–borne compounds and
facilitates nutrients essential for normal metabolism to reach brain cells
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OPTEK SENIOR A 2.pptx
- 1. UJIAN OPERASI TEKNIK Budi Setiawan Harjoto dr. Made Bagus Dwi Aryana, Sp.OG (K)
- 2. ANATOMI
- 4. • Vertical incision: lateral tension, widers scars • Pfannenstiel incision: heal well with cosmetic scar
- 10. Common sites of injury: 1. Pelvic brim area during infundibulopelvic ligament clamping 2. The isthmic region during uterine artery ligation 3. The pelvic sidewall during uterosacral ligament suturing 4. The lateral vaginal apex during vaginal cu clamping or suturing.
- 12. Ovarian cystectomy • Procedure whereby the cyst is removed without compromising the function of the ovary • Point of caution: • Remove entire cyst wall, prevent ruptured • Hemostatis • Indication • Benign ovarian mass • Ovarian preservation young woman bilateral ovarian mass
- 14. Ovarian closure: -Reapproximate ovarian tissue on both sides (Delayed 3.0 absorbable suture) -Ovarian incision Delayed 4.0 absorbable suture running subcuticular
- 15. Salpingektomy • Removal of the fallopian tube while leaving the uterus and ovary intact • Point of caution: • Cornual and mesosalpinx extremely vascular areas, hemostatis mus be insured • Indication: • Tubal ectopic pregnancy • Hydrosalping • Sterilization
- 16. 1. Identification of adnexa 2. The cornual portion of tube is clamped, rest of fallopian tube elevated with Babcok clamp 3. Repeated fenestration in the mesosalpinx to be clamped and hemostatis 4. And the tube can be excised
- 18. Salpingo-Oophorectomy • Removal of the ovary and fallopian tube • Point of caution: • Infundibulopelvic ligament should be divided at least 2 cm proximal/cephalad to the ovary at the level of the pelvic brim to ensure all ovarian tissue is removed • Identified ureter location • Indication • Ovarian mass • PID (TOA)
- 21. Myomectomy • Removal of fibroid • Point of caution: • Identification of fibroid location • Use of uterine tourniquet (catheter/bonney clamp) or vassopresin to reduce blood loss • Indication: • Symptomatic myoma: • AUB • Chronic pain • Urinary obstruction • Asymptomatic myoma • RPL • Infertility
- 22. Vassopresin 20 IU diluted 100 cc saline Uterine tourniquet
- 24. Abdominal hysterectomy • Removal of the uterine • Supracervical hysterectomy • Total hysterectomy • Point of caution: • Prevent bladder, ureter and rectosigmoid injury • Indication • Uterine mass: myoma, adenomyosis • Cervix dysplasia • Malignancy gynecology • Molar pregnancy >40 yo