This document provides an introduction to using the BASH shell in Linux, including some basic commands for navigation, file management, and editing. It outlines commands like pwd, ls, cd, echo, cat, and vim. It also discusses building BASH skills through learning flags, wildcards, and exploring built-in tools like man and alias. Examples are provided for navigating directories, listing files, creating directories and moving/deleting files.

1. CI1131 ICT Lecture Introduction to Operating Systems (2): the GNU/Linux BASH shell

2. Working in BASH Command line – faster than GUI autocompletion; shortcuts with 'alias' Some basic navigational commands: pwd, ls [-lag], cd, pushd, popd, dirs, history, whoami, ... Some basic file management commands: cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, chown, chmod, ... Creating and reading files with basic shell commands echo, cat, more, ... Editing files with VIM, Emacs, Kate, ...

3. BASH basics Some basic BASH navigational commands. navigate to /usr/share/wallpapers cd /usr/share/wallpapers and display your current directory pwd list all files in this directory ls -a display a ‘long’ listing of all files in this directory ls -la

4. BASH basics Learning some basic BASH commands (2) list all files in this directory that begin with letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, or ‘d’ ls [a-d]* list all files in this directory that begin with letters ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘s’, or ‘t’ ls [aest]* give a ‘long’ listing of all files in your home directory (without navigating there!) ls -la ~

5. What's in the root directory?

6. BASH basics Learning some basic BASH commands (3) create a new directory called ‘Test1’ on your desktop mkdir Test1 use echo to create a simple text file in ‘Test1’ echo a string of words > Test1/myFile.txt use cat >> to add further lines to your text file (use ctrl-D to finish) cd Test1 cat >> myFile.txt more lines of text .... (ctrl-D)

7. BASH basics Learning some basic BASH commands (4) display the contents of your file cat myFile.txt create a second new directory on your desktop called ‘Test2’ and move your text file from Test1 to Test2 cd .. mkdir Test2 mv Test1/myFile.txt Test2/ delete the directory Test1 rmdir Test1

8. Example: apropos

9. Example: show processes [1]

10. Example: show processes [2]

11. Example: new file with echo

12. Example: directory listing

13. Example: permissions

14. BASH basics What BASH built-ins are enabled? enable -a What are your environment variables? set What aliases are already pre-defined for you? alias 13 th March 1643 fell on which week day? cal 3 1643

15. Bash: find out more with man

16. Some BASH references The Linux Terminal - a Beginners’ Bash http://linux.org.mt/article/terminal Bash Guide for Beginners http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/ Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial http://www.freeos.com/guides/lsst/ Bash Reference Manual http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html