The document provides an overview of operating systems. It discusses: 1. What is an operating system and its goals which include making the computer convenient to use efficiently and managing computer resources. 2. The basic functions of an operating system including managing resources like memory, files, and peripherals; providing a user interface; running applications; and supporting utility programs. 3. The different types of operating systems including monolithic, layered, and microkernel based on how their components are organized and how they allocate privileges between kernel and user modes.

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SIBUGAY TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Lower Taway, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
Tel-Fax #: (062) 333-2469
www.sibugaytech.com
College of Computer Studies
MODULE ON
OPERATING SYSTEM
Prepared by:
Kean Rafael N. Mariano
Kean Rafael N. Mariano / 09351190287

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Introduction to Operating System
Learning Objective:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
Explain the concept of operating system, memory, process and file management.
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?
• An operating system is – the most important software that runs on a computer.
– An integrated set of programs that acts as an intermediary between the user and
computer hardware.
– Responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to
recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays.
• An OS is a program which acts as an interface between computer system users and the computer
hardware.
• It provides a user-friendly environment in which a user may easily develop and execute programs.
• Otherwise, hardware knowledge would be mandatory for computer programming.
• So, it can be said that an OS hides the complexity of hardware from uninterested users.
s for
LESSON
1
Week 1-2

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WHAT IS the GOAL OPERATING SYSTEM?
• The goal of operating systems is:
– PRIMARY: to make the computer system convenient to use in an efficient manner.
– SECOND: to manage the resource of a computer system.
• It is considered the backbone of a computer, managing both software and hardware
resources.
– manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and
scanners.
• Without an operating system, a computer is useless.
Windows Operating System Loading
Booting is the process that occurs when we press the power button to turn computer on. At
the end of that process, the operating system loads.
From this point,
- The OS begins to do its job of controlling the way in which the computer functions.
- The operating system serves as the boss, or manager, and makes sure all the various
parts of the computer get what they need.

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History of Operating Systems
• It all started with computer hardware in about 1940s.
ENIAC 1943
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), at the U.S. Army's Aberdeen
Proving Ground in Maryland.
• built in the 1940s,
• weighed 30 tons,
• was eight feet high, three feet deep, and 100 feet long
• contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes that were cooled by 80 air blowers.
• Computers were using vacuum tube technology
ENIAC’s vacuum tubes

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OPERATING SYSTEM’S JOB
• Users may work on a Word document, print an email, and have Internet browser open for
web surfing, all at the same time. These three programs need attention from the central
processing unit (CPU) to do whatever task that the user is telling it to do.
• These programs need memory and storage, and need to be able to send messages to devices
such as the mouse and the printer to accomplish these tasks.
• The operating system is responsible for handling these areas, as well as processor and
network management.
Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux.
• Operating systems usually come preloaded on the desktop and laptop computers.
• Most people use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it is possible to
upgrade or even change operating systems.
• The three most common operating systems for personal computers are
USER MODE/KERNEL MODE
USER MODE:
- A mode of the CPU when running a program.
- In this mode, the user process has no access to the memory locations used by the
kernel.
- When a program is running in User Mode, it cannot directly access the kernel data
structures or the kernel programs.

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KERNEL MODE:
- A mode of the CPU when running a program.
- In this mode, it is the kernel that is running on behalf of the user process and directly
access the kernel data structures or the kernel programs.
- Once the system call returns, the CPU switches back to user mode.
Activity 1
Answer the following questions.
1. What is operating system?
2. What will be your computer without operating system?
Your Answer here:

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BASIC FUNCTION OF OS
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Know the different functions of operating system
2. Define the types of operating system
• Managing resources:
– These programs coordinate all the computer’s resources including keyboard, mouse,
printer, monitor, storage devices and memory.
– An operating system creates a file structure on the computer hard drive where user
data can be stored and retrieved
– When a file is saved, the operating system saves it, attaches a name to it, and
remembers where it put the file for future use.
– The way an operating system organizes information into files is called the file
system
– Most operating systems use a hierarchical file system, which organizes files into
directories (folders) under a tree structure
BASIC FUNCTION OF OS
Tree structure when using Windows Explorer
• Providing a user interface:
– Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user
interface.
LESSON
2Week 3-4

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– Almost all operating systems today provide a windows-like Graphical User
Interface (GUI) in which graphic objects called icons are used to represent commonly
used features.
• Running applications:
– These programs load and run applications such as word processors and
spreadsheets.
– Most operating systems support multitasking, or the ability to run more than one
application at a time.
– – When a user requests a program, the operating system locates the
application and loads it into the primary memory or RAM of the computer.
– As more programs are loaded, the operating system must allocate the computer
resources.
• Support for built-in utility programs:
– The operating system uses utility programs for maintenance and repairs.
– Utility programs help identify problems, locate lost files, repair damaged files, and
backup data.
– The figure here shows the progress of the Disk Defragmenter, which is found in
Programs > Accessories > System Tools.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

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MONOLITHIC
• The components of monolithic operating system are
– organized haphazardly and any module can call any other module without
any reservation.
• Applications in monolithic OS are
– separated from the operating system itself
• The operating system code runs
– In a privileged processor mode (referred to as kernel mode), with access to
system data and to the hardware; applications run in a non- privileged
processor mode (called as user mode), with a limited set of interfaces available
and with limited access to system data.
MONOLITHIC
When a user-mode program calls a system service,
- The processor traps the call and then switches the calling thread to kernel mode.
- Upon completion, thread switched back to the user mode, by the operating system
and allows the caller to continue.
- It delivers better application performance, but extending such a system can be
difficult work because modifying a procedure can introduce bugs in seemingly
unrelated of the system. The example of this structure is MS-DOS. 16

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LAYERED
• The components of layered OS are
– organized into modules and layers them on top of the other
– Each module provide a set of functions that other module can call
– Interface functions at any particular level can invoke services provided by
lower layers but not the other way around.
– A layer does not need to know how these services are implemented, it needs
to know only what the service do.
• Advantage of layered structure:
– Each layer is given access to only lower-level interfaces (Nth layer can
access services provided by N-1th layer and provide services on N+1th layer)
– Allow the OS to be debugged starting at the lowest layer
– Easier to enhance the OS, one entire layer can be replaced without affecting
other parts of the system.
• Disadvantage of layered structure:
– Delivers low application performance in comparison to monolithic OS
• Example: UNIX
LAYERED

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MICROKERNEL
• Moves as much from kernel into “user” space
• The main function of the microkernel is
– To provide communication facility between the client program and the
various services that is also running in user space.
• Communication takes place between user modules using message passing
– If the client program wishes to access a file, it must interact with the server
– The client program and the service never interact directly; they communicate
indirectly by exchanging messages with microkernel
• Benefits:
– Easier to extend microkernel
– Easier to port the operating system to new architecture
– More reliable (less code running in kernel mode)
– More secure
• Example: Windows NT
all new services are added to user space; do not require modification of the kernel Most
services are running as user
MICROKERNEL

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NETWORKED
NOS: CHARACTERISTICS
• Network Operating System
– Extension of centralized operating systems
– Offer local services to remote clients
– Each processor has own operating system
– User owns a machine, but can access others (e.g. rlogin, telnet)
– No global naming of resources – system has little fault tolerance
– E.g. UNIX, Windows NT, 2000
DISTRIBUTED

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DOS: CHARACTERISTICS
• Distributed Operating Systems
– Allows a multiprocessor multicomputer network resources to be integrated
as a single system image – Hide and manage hardware and software resources
– provide heterogeneity support
– Control network in most effective way
– Remote file and device access
– Synchronization and deadlock avoidance
– Resource allocation and protection
– Global resource sharing
– Deadlock avoidance
– Communication security
– No examples in general use but many research systems: Amoeba, Chorus
etc.
COMPARISON DOS NOS

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Activity 2
Answer the following questions.
1. Enumerate and define the types of operating system
2. Select only one function of operating system and explain why it is important for you?
Your Answer here:

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ARCHITECTURE OF OS
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate Single processor, Multi processor and Clustered system
2. Know the products of operating system
3. Know the concepts in relation to operating system
ARCHITECTURE OF OS
ARCHITECTURE OF OS
SINGLE PROCESSOR SYSTEM
– Most systems use single processor systems.
– They perform only one process at a given time, and it carries out the next process in
the queue only after the current process is completed.
– OS monitors the status of them and also sends them next executable instruction.
– It relieves CPU of disk scheduling and other tasks.
– It is suitable for general purpose computers, as it cannot run multiple processes in
parallel.
LESSON
3Week 5-6

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MULTI PROCESSOR SYSTEM
- Also known as parallel or tightly coupled systems as they can run multiple process
in parallel to each other efficiently.
- Two or more processors will be in close communication with each other with shared
memory, storage and power supply.
CLUSTERED SYSTEM
- Clustering allows two or more systems to share storage.
- Provides high reliability
- Asymmetric clustering: one server runs the application or applications while other
servers standby
- Symmetric clustering: all N hosts are running the application or applications
CLOSED SOURCE SYSTEM
• Developed by Companies and developers work for economic purposes.
• Users may suggest requirements but they may or may not be implemented
• Release is not too often. There may be only yearly releases.
• Market believes commercial CSS is highly secure because it is developed by a group
of professionals confined to one geographical area under a strict time schedule. – But
quite often this is not the case, hiding information does not make it secure, it only
hides its weaknesses.
• Security cannot be enhanced by modifying the source code.
• Example: WINDOWS

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OPEN SOURCE SYSTEM
- Developed by Volunteers work for peer recognition.
- People know that recognition as a good developer have great advantage.
- User suggests additional features that often get implemented.
- Software is released on a daily or weekly basis.
- OSSD is not market driven; it is quality driven.
- Community reaction to bug reports is much faster compared to CSSD which
makes it easier to fix bugs and make the component highly secure
- The ability to modify the source code could be a great advantage if you want to
deploy a highly secure system.
- Example LINUX
CONCEPTS IN RELATION TO OPERATING SYSTEM
MULTITASKING
- The ability to execute more than one task at the same time, a task being a program.
- In multitasking, only one CPU is involved, but it switches from one program to
another so quickly that it gives the appearance of executing all of the programs at the
same time.
- There are two basic types of multitasking:
– Preemptive
• the operating system parcels out CPU time slices to each program.
• e.g: Windows 95, Windows NT, Amiga operating system and UNIX
– Cooperative
• each program can control the CPU for as long as it needs it. If a
program is not using the CPU, however, it can allow another program
to use it temporarily.
• e.g: Microsoft Windows 3.x and the MultiFinder (for Macintosh
computers)

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CONCEPTS IN RELATIONS TO OPERATING SYSTEM
MULTIPROGRAMMING
- Multiprogramming is the technique of running several programs at a time using
timesharing.
- It allows a computer to do several things at the same time.
- Multiprogramming creates logical parallelism.
- The concept of multiprogramming is that the operating system keeps several jobs in
memory simultaneously.
- The operating system selects a job from the job pool and starts executing a job,
when that job needs to wait for any i/o operations the CPU is switched to another job
• Example of multiprogramming, we listen to music and do internet browsing at the
same time (they execute parallel).

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TIME-SHARING
- The use of a computer system by more than one individual at the same time.
- Time-sharing runs separate programs concurrently by interleaving portions of
processing time allotted to each program (user).
- Time-sharing, however, is generally associated with multiple users accessing larger
computers and service organizations, whereas multitasking in functions related to
microcomputers implies the performance of multiple tasks for a single user.
BUFFERING
• A temporary storage area, usually in RAM.
• Store data in memory while transferring between devices.
• The purpose of most buffers is to act as a holding area, enabling the CPU to
manipulate data before transferring it to a device.
– because the processes of reading and writing data to a disk are relatively
slow, many programs keep track of data changes in a buffer and then copy the
buffer to a disk
• For example;
– Word processors employ a buffer to keep track of changes to files. Then
when you save the file, the word processor updates the disk file with the
contents of the buffer. This is much more efficient than accessing the file on
the disk each time you make a change to the file.
• Commonly used when;
– Burning data onto a compact disc, where the data is transferred to the buffer
before being written to the disc.
– Printing documents. When you enter a PRINT command, the operating
system copies your document to a print buffer (a free area in memory or on a
disk)
SPOOLING
- Spool stands for “simultaneous peripheral operations online”.
- A spool is a buffer that holds output for a device, such as a printer that cannot accept
interleaved data streams.
- Spooling refers to

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– Process of transferring data by placing it in a temporary working area where
another program may access it for processing at a later point in time
– Although a printer can serve only one job at a time,
– several applications may wish to print their output concurrently,
– without having their output mixed together.
– operating system solves this problem by intercepting all output to the printer.
• Each application's output is spooled to a separate disk file.
– When an application finishes printing, the spooling system queues the
corresponding spool file for output to the printer.
• The spooling system copies the queued spool files to the printer one at a time.
• Without a spooler, the OS would allow data to pass to the printer and the application
program would wait for completion before continuing.
CACHING
• A cache is a temporary storage area that keeps data available for fast and easy
access.
• For example, the files you automatically request by looking at a web page are stored
on your hard disk in a cache subdirectory under your browser’s directory.
• When you return to a page that you have recently viewed, the browser can get those
files from the cache rather than from the original server, saving you time and saving
the network the burden of additional traffic.
• Caching (verb, pronounced “cashing”) is the process of storing data in a cache.
COMPONENTS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

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.
OPERATING SYSTEM INTERFACES
USER INTERFACE
• A user interface is
– the system by which people (users) interact with a machine. The user interface
includes hardware (physical) and software (logical) components.
• User interfaces exist for various systems, and provide a means of;
– Input, allowing the users to manipulate a system, and/or

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– Output, allowing the system to indicate the effects of the users' manipulation.
• Users may also interact with the operating system with some kind of software user interface
like typing commands by using command line interface (CLI) or using a graphical user
interface.
• For hand-held and desktop computers, the user interface is generally considered part of the
operating system.
• On large multi-user systems such as Unix-like systems, the user interface is generally
implemented as an application program that runs outside the operating system.
USER INTERFACE
COMPONENTS OF THE USER INTERFACE
The user interface has two main components:
– Presentation language, which is the computer-to-human part of the
transaction.
– Action language that characterizes the human-to-computer portion.
VOICE USER INTERFACE
• A Voice User Interface (VUI) makes human interaction with computers possible
through a voice/speech platform in order to initiate an automated service or process.
– The interface to any speech application.
• There are two different types of voice recognition:

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– Continuous speech systems, allowing for dictation. – Speaker independence,
so people can enter commands or words at a given workstation.
Activity 3
Answer the following questions.
1. Define Kernel, Shell, and File system
2. What is user interface?
Your Answer here:

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GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
(GUI)
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Define GUI (Graphical User Interface)
2. Know the characteristics of GUI
3. Know the forms of web interface
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)
• A graphical user interface or GUI is
– a type of user interface item that allows people to interact with programs in more
ways than typing such as computers
• Examples:
– hand-held devices such as MP3 Players, Portable Media Players or Gaming devices;
household appliances and office equipment with images rather than text commands.
• A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators, as opposed to text- based interfaces,
typed command labels or text navigation to fully represent the information and actions
available to a user.
LESSON
4Week 7

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GUI CHARACTERISTICS
WEB FORM INTERFACES
• Web Form interfaces are onscreen forms displaying fields containing data items or
parameters that need to be communicated to the user.
• Web Form interfaces may be implemented using the Web.
• A Web Form allows a user to enter data that is sent to a server for processing.
• Web forms resemble paper forms because internet users fill out the forms using checkboxes,
radio buttons, or text fields.
– For example, Web Forms can be used to enter shipping or credit card data to order a
product or can be used to retrieve data (e.g.: searching on a search engine).
• In addition to functioning as input templates for new information, Web Forms can also be
used to query and display existing data in a similar manner to mail merge forms, with the
same advantages.
WEB FORM INTERFACE

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYSTEM CALLS AND API
SYSTEM CALLS
• User programs are not allowed to access system resources directly.
– They must ask the OS to do that for them.
• OS provides a set of functions that can be called by user programs to request for OS
services. These functions are called “system calls”
• System calls run in kernel mode.

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– They can be called by executing a special instruction (trap or software
interrupt) which causes processor to switch to the kernel mode and jump to a
previously defined location in the kernel.
– When the system call finishes, processor returns to the user program and
runs in user mode.
APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE (API)
• An API is a set of functions provided by an operating system or other system
software.
– An application program calls the functions to request the services.
• An API clearly defines how to call functions and what the results are. (API is
specification, not implementation)
– Examples: APIs for file system, graphics user interface, networking, etc.
• Portability
– User programs that follow the API’s definition are portable.
• An API can provide a common interface for different implementations of a service.
– For example, the UNIX file system API is the same for all kinds of devices.
– X windows API has many implementations on different machine
architectures
• Using an API allows upgrading system software without changing user programs
Activity 4
Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the interaction by using graphical representation between applications and
the operating system.
2. Describe the relationship between system calls and Application Programming
Interface (API)
Your Answer here:

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TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Know the types of operating system
2. Know the different operating systems used by devices around us
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Distinguished by the response time and how data is entered into the system
Single user
Multi user
Multitasking
Multi processing
Embedded
Real time
1. SINGLEUSER
TWO TYPES:
Single user, single task
Single user, multi tasking
Single user, single task
Designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a
time.
Example: The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers
LESSON
5
Week 8

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Single user, multi tasking
Designed with a single user in mind but can deal with many applications running at
the same time
today
forms
word processor while downloading a file from the Internet while printing the text of
an e-mail message.
2. MULTI USER
allows many different users to take advantage of the computer's resources
simultaneously
allows multiple users to access the computer system at the same time
Time Sharing system and Internet servers as the multi user systems
Mainframe Operating systems

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3. MULTI TASKING
program to
another so quickly that it gives the appearance of executing all the programs at the
same time.
4. MULTI PROCESSING
Multiprocessing, in general, refers to the utilization of multiple CPUs in a single
computer system
enables several programs to run concurrently
the term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor
and/or the ability to allocate tasks between them

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MULTIPROCESSING OS
5. EMBEDDED OS
Designed to be used in embedded computer systems
Are able to operate with a limited number of resources on small machines like
PDAs
Are very compact and extremely efficient by design
is a computer that is part of a different kind of machine
Examples include computers in cars, digital televisions, ATMs, airplane controls,
digital cameras, GPS navigation systems, elevators, and among many other
possibilities.

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6. REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM
is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications
-time operating systems is their quick and predictable
response to events
controls the environment
ples: QNX, RTLINUX
Activity 5
Answer the following questions.
3. Define Single user OS.
4. Differentiate Multi tasking to Multi Processing
5. How important Embedded OS?
Your Answer here:

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ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
3. Know the origin of Android
4. Know what is OHA (Open Handset Alliance)
5. Know the features and versions of Android Operating System
What is Android?
such as smart phones and tablets.
n ADVANCE OPERATING SYSTEM for
digital cameras.
e than 4,000,000 apps in android market
source.
Android Operating System
part using java, that’s forms android OS.
LESSON
6
Week 9-10

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Origin of android
Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by
Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White
who work at “ ” to develop.
Origin of android
Android was purchased by the in AUGUST, 2005 for 50 million $.
HTC Dream was the first android device launched in September 2008
Now, android covers 90% of the mobile OS market.

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Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
It’s a consortium of several companies.
HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, QUALCOMM, Google , Samsung
Electronics, LG Electronics, T-Mobile, NVidias
Features
- 3G Networks, 4G Networks,
802.11 Wi-Fi Networks, Bluetooth Connectivity
android application is not tough, using SDK and java emulator we
can easily develop applications that we want.
– Free development platform
maps
ardware
Android Versions
• Released on September 23, 2008.
• Released on April 30, 2009.
• Released on September 15, 2009.
• Released on October 26, 2009.
• Released on May 20, 2010.

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• Released on February 22, 2011.
• Released on November 14, 2011
• Released on June 27,2012
• Released on October 31,2013
• Released on December 6, 2010
• Released on November 12, 2014
• Released on May 28, 2015
• Released on August 22, 2016
.0
• Released on August 21, 2017
• Latest version till date.

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Architecture
-Core libraries - Dalvik virtual machine
Why prefer Android?
Android price fits your pocket Android devices are cheaper than iPhones which is
one of main reason why Android phone sale is growing rapidly. IPhone is an
expensive device which everybody can’t afford to buy.
apps and games Android offers a lot of free games and applications on Google
play, whereas IPhone have mostly paid Apps on App Store. Which is also the main
reason why people skip IOS and attract towards android?
style. While Apple do not allow users to customize their home screen and all the users
have same home screen.

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ROMs Android users can install custom Rom on their smart phone, which
allows them to replace original software comes with their smart phone. Some of the
android users want to use some tools and apps which do not work on their original
OS, that’s why they Root their phone and install custom ROMS.
Integration Google integration is very useful service provided by Google to
its users. Unarguably Google dominates the web with it’s awesome services like
Google drive, Google Music, Google Map, Google Docs, Google mail, Google plus,
Google hangout.. And the list goes on, but IOS do not provide these apps integration.
phone memory. What does Apple do? Well, they've never offered expandable
memory for the iPhone. Instead, they would rather you pay another $100 to upgrade
one of their devices from a 16 GB memory toa32GBor64GB

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Limitations
hackers.
mobile phones.
n seen that it has security related issues.
with the internet which is not possible for all the users.
Activity 6
Answer the following questions.
6. What brand of smart phone do you have? And what version of OS your phone has?
7. Why Nokia phones don’t have android OS?
8. Why android is widely used OS in the Market today?
Your Answer here:

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HISTORY OF WINDOWS –
OPERATING SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
6. Know the origin of Windows Operating System
7. Know the persons behind windows operating system
8. Know the features and versions of Windows Operating System
History of Windows
• It’s the 1970s. At work, we rely on typewriters.
• A two young computer enthusiasts, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, see that personal
computing is a path to the future.
• In 1975, Gates and Allen form a partnership called Microsoft.
• Like most start-ups, Microsoft begins small, but has a huge vision—a computer on
every desktop and in every home.
LESSON
7Week 11-12

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• When the IBM PC running MS DOS ships in ‑ 1981, it introduces a whole new
language to the general public.
• Typing “C:” and various cryptic commands gradually becomes part of daily work.
People discover the backslash () key.
• MS DOS is effective, but also proves difficult ‑ to understand for many people.
There has to be a better way to build an operating system.
• Geek trivia: MS DOS stands for Microsoft Disk ‑ Operating System.
The dawn of MS DOS ‑
• In June 1980, Gates and Allen hire Gates’ former Harvard classmate Steve Ballmer
to help run the company.
• The next month, IBM approaches Microsoft about a project code-named "Chess."
• In response, Microsoft focuses on a new operating system—the software that
manages, or runs, the computer hardware and also serves to bridge the gap between
the computer hardware and programs, such as a word processor.
•It’s the foundation on which computer programs can run. They name their new
operating system "MS DOS." ‑

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VERSION
Year Event
1983 Bill Gates announces Microsoft Windows November 10, 1983.
1985 Microsoft Windows 1.0 is introduced in November 20, 1985 and is initially
sold for $100.00. 1987 Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released December 9,
1987 and is initially sold for $100.00.
1987 Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 is introduced December 9, 1987
and is initially sold for $100.00.
1988 Microsoft Windows/286 or Windows 286 is introduced June, 1988 and is
initially sold for $100.00.
1990 Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0
full version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at
$79.95.
Year Event
1991 Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with
IBM, Microsoft changes the name of OS/2 to Windows NT.
1991 Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released
October, 1991. 1992 Microsoft Windows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and
sells more than one million copies within the first two months of its release.

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1992 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.1 was released October, 1992.
1993 Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993.
1993 Microsoft Windows 3.11, an update to Windows 3.1 is released December 31,
1993.
1993 The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now totals more than 25
million.
Year Event
1994 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released February, 1994.
1994 Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994.
1995 Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995.
1995 Microsoft Windows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and sells more than one
million copies within 4 days.
1995 Microsoft Windows 95 Service Pack 1 (4.00.950A) is released February 14,
1996.
1996 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.
1996 Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950B) aka OSR2 with FAT32 and MMX support
is released August 24, 1996.
1996 Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 was released November, 1996.

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Year Event

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Year Event
Year Event
2005 Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 edition is released on April 24, 2005.
2005 Microsoft announces it's next operating system, codenamed "Longhorn" will
be named Windows Vista on July 23, 2005.
2006 Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista to corporations on November 30,
2006.

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2007 Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general
public January 30, 2007.
2008 Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Server 2008 to the public on February
27, 2008.
2009 Microsoft releases Windows 7 October 22, 2009..
2012 Microsoft releases Windows Server 2012 on September 4, 2012
2012 Microsoft releases Windows 8 October 26, 2012.
2015 Microsoft releases Windows 10 on July 29, 2015.

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WINDOWS in Mobile phones
• Developer-Microsoft Corporation.
• Written -C & C++.
• User interface-Metro design
• First launch -Oct 2010 with WINDOWS 7
• April 14 2014 with WINDOWS 8.1
Partnership with Nokia
• On February 11, 2011, at a press event in London, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer
and Nokia CEO Stephen Elop announced a partnership between their companies.
Integration of Microsoft services with Nokia
• Bing would power search across Nokia devices
• Integration of Nokia Maps with Bing Maps
• Integration of Nokia's Ovi store with the Windows Phone Store

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Versions for Mobile
• Windows 7
• Windows 8
• windows 8.1
• Windows 10
FEATURES
• People Hub
• Multitasking
• User Interface
• Text Input
• Web Browser
• Media Support
• Cortona
• Office suite
• Updates
• Advertising platform
• Store
• Music and videos
• Application and games
• E-mail
• Multimedia

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Disadvantages
• Absence of greater Personalization
• No system wide file manager.
• No Flash Player Support.
• Does not Display The flash content.
• Does Not Support .mkv,.avi,.flv
Format Videos
Activity 6
Answer the following questions.
9. What operating system are you using?
10. What is your main reason why did you choose that operating system?
11. If your current operating system is not latest, are you planning to upgrade?
Your Answer here:

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Preparing and Installing Operating
System
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Learn the Minimum requirement for Windows 7 operating system.
2. Learn the procedure in creating and preparing the OS.
3. Learn and experience to install Window 7 operating system.
4. Discover and prepare the basic applications needed to be installed.
Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. Over the years, there
have been many different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 10
(released in 2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007).
Windows comes pre-loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular
operating system in the world.
LESSON
8Week 13-14

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Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes preloaded on all new
Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as OS X (pronounced
O-S Ten), and the specific versions include El Capitan (released in 2015), Yosemite (2014),
Mavericks (2013), Mountain Lion (2012), and Lion (2011).
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open- source operating systems, which means
they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from
proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it.
The advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or
versions—you can choose from.

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Confirm that your computer meets the minimum system requirements for that product.
Note: If you're running Windows, make sure to download/install the version that matches
your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit).
In some operating system activation is usually automatic. However, if you are prompted for
your serial number and product key before you can run the product, you can find the
information you need in your CD case or package.
NOTE: Product key and serial number is important so make sure you that you keep it.

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Operating system boot by
1. Flash Drive (Bootable Pen Drive)
2. Bootable CD/DVD
3. Hard Disk

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Activity 6
Please watch youtube on the following:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pf408Rkc5IA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8g6py0HcoQ