This document provides an overview of an OpenStack workshop held at Kalasalingam Institute of Technology on September 26th 2015. It defines cloud computing and the different cloud models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). It then discusses the core OpenStack components like Compute (Nova), Identity (Keystone), Networking (Neutron), Image (Glance), Block Storage (Cinder), Object Storage (Swift), Orchestration (Heat), and Telemetry (Ceilometer). It also covers concepts like hypervisors, security groups, public/private/hybrid clouds. Finally, it provides examples of commands to manage resources using different OpenStack services.

1. Openstack Workshop
@ Kalasalingam Institute of Technology Sep 26th 2015
Beny Raja & Jayaprakash

2. What is Cloud Computing?
Sharing Compute Resources - RAM, CPU and Hard drive
Cloud computing means storing and accessing data / programs over the Internet
on a shared platform instead of your local server.
Cloud computing enables companies to consume compute resources as a utility
rather than having to build and maintain computing infrastructures in-house.

3. Advantages and Why?
❖ No Capital investment and very low Operating Expense
❖ Cost effective - Pay for what you use
❖ Scalability - up and down
❖ Quick Disaster Recovery
❖ Environmental friendly
❖ Work from anywhere

4. Models of Cloud Computing
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
Provides compute resources (RAM, CPU and Storage) over the Internet.
eg: AWS, Rackspace, HpCloud
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Provides the platform/environment to deploy the application. eg: GAE, Microsoft
Azure
SaaS (Software as a Service)
Provides the software/ application over the Internet. eg: Google apps, Dropbox.

6. Types of IaaS Model
Public Cloud
Services are delivered to the client through the Internet from a third party service
provider. eg: AWS, GAE, InstaCompute
Private Cloud
Services are managed and provided within the organization. eg: IBM, eBay.
Hybrid Cloud
Integrated cloud service utilising both private and public clouds to perform distinct
functions within the same organization. eg: Interoute, IBM

7. What is Hypervisor and different types
A hypervisor is a piece of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates
and runs virtual machines.
Type 1
Citrix Xenserver, VMware Esxi
Type 2
Virtual box, VMware workstation

8. Different Cloud Platforms

9. What is Openstack?
OpenStack is a set of open source software tools for building and
managing cloud computing platforms for public and private clouds.

10. Why OpenStack ?
Control and Flexibility. Open source platform means you’re never locked to a
proprietary vendor, and modular design can integrate with legacy or third-
party technologies to meet your business needs.
Industry Standard.
Proven Software. Run the same software that today powers some of the largest
public and private clouds in the world.
Compatible and Connected. Compatibility with public OpenStack clouds means
enterprises are prepared for the future—making it easy to migrate data and
applications to public clouds when conditions are right—based on security
policies, economics, and other key business criteria.

11. Who are all Involved?
Founded by rackspace and NASA in 2010.
Now managed by the openstack foundation established in
2012.

12. Keystone
Glance
Nova
Neutron
Horizon
Cinder
Heat
Ceilometer
Trove
Sahara
Swift
Projects Under OpenStack - Integrated

13. Upcoming Projects....
Barbican
Congress
Cue
Designate
Ironic
Kolla
Magnetodb
Murano
Rally
Refstack
Searchlight
Security
Solum
Tripleo

14. OpenStack Releases...

15. Openstack Architecture

16. Dashboard (Horizon)
Web based user interface to other OpenStack services like Nova, Swift,
Keystone, Neutron, Heat, etc.
Developed with python Django web framework
Recommended to deployed under Apache web server
Extendable to other upcoming openstack services
As a cloud administrator, the dashboard provides an overall view of the size and
state of your cloud. You can create users and projects, assign users to
projects and set limits on the resources for those projects.
The dashboard provides users a self-service portal to provision their own

18. Compute (Nova)
Nova, also known as OpenStack Compute, is the software that controls your
Infrastructure as as Service (IaaS) cloud computing platform.
Components/Services:
❖Nova-api - Gateway
❖Controller - Collection of services that enable you to launch virtual machine
instances.
❖Compute - Exactly the VM is created under hypervisor
❖Scheduler - Part of controller to select which compute node

19. Nova cont.

20. Virtual Machine Security groups

21. Identity (keystone)
Keystone is an OpenStack project that provides Identity, Token, Catalog and
Policy services for use specifically by projects in the OpenStack family. Every
Openstack API call gets authenticated & authorized with keystone and proceed
further.
Concepts:
Tenants
Users
Roles
Tokens

22. keystone cont.

23. Networking (Neutron)
OpenStack Neutron is an SDN (Software Defined Networking) project focused on
delivering networking-as-a-service (NaaS) in virtual compute environments.
It also lets tenants create multiple private networks and control the IP addressing
them. As a result of API extensions, organizations have additional control over
security and compliance policies, quality of service [QoS], monitoring and
troubleshooting, as well as the ability to easily deploy advanced network
services, such as a firewall, intrusion detection, or VPN.

24. Neutron - network for Cloud Administrator
Vlan Network

25. Neutron - Network Components for End user
External Network - The external network typically provides Internet access for your
instances.
Tenant Network - The tenant network provides internal network access for
instances.
Tenant Router - Default gateway for the tenant VMs, which connects the Tenant
Network and the External network

26. Neutron Advanced Services
LBaaS (Load Balancer as a Service)
It allows for proprietary and open-source load balancing technologies to drive the
actual load balancing of requests.
FWaaS (Firewall as a Service)
Neutron extension that introduces firewall feature set.
VPNaaS (VPN as a Service)
Connect Remote Location through vpn using IPsec/l2tp

27. Image Service (Glance)
Image repository of Openstack. It includes discovering, registering, and retrieving
virtual machine images.
The images made available through Glance
can be stored in a variety of locations like
jbod, Swift, S3, ceph or Raid.
Supported disk formats
raw (unstructured)
qcow2 (Qemu)
iso
vhd, vmdk, vdi (Hyper-V, Esxi, Virtual Box)
aki, ari, ami (amazon images)

28. Block Storage (Cinder)
It is a Storage as a service component of Openstack. It provides ephemeral and
persistent block level storage device, that keeps the data even after the instance
is terminated. It provides block storage devices to VM instances as additional
storage.
The backend should be configured as a
logical volume and added to the volume
groups. It also supports variety of drivers
like NAS/SAN, NFS, iSCSI, Ceph,
and more.

29. Object Storage (Swift)
Swift is a highly available, distributed, eventually consistent object/blob store.
Organizations can use Swift to store lots of data efficiently, safely, and cheaply.
Components for Cloud Admin
Proxy Server
The Ring
Storage Policies
Object Server
Container Server
Account Server
Replication
Updaters

30. Swift - Components for end user
End user lists
Account - Your Cloud Administrator creates your account and you own all
resources in that account.
Containers - Contains objects and defines namespace for each objects. You can
create any number of containers within an account.
Objects - Stores data content, such as documents, images, and so on. By default,
each object can be as large as 5GB and it can be increased by the cloud admin.

31. Orchestration (Heat)
● Heat is the orchestration component of Openstack.
● Template-driven engine that allows us to describe and automate the
deployment of infrastructure & application
● Extended features like AutoScaling, Software deployment using configuration
management tools like puppet, Chef
● Stack - Grouping of cloud resources
● Intern Heat will talk to other services
Stack
Topology

32. Autoscaling
Automatically adds or removes compute resources depending upon actual usage.

33. Telemetry (Ceilometer)
Monitoring & Metering component of Openstack
Collects metrics of openstack cloud resources
Alarms can be defined against a resource metrics

34. Ceilometer Architecture

35. CLI

37. Keystone (Identity Service)
List all users
keystone user-list
List all services in service catalog
keystone service-list
Create new user
keystone user-create --name --tenant-id --pass --email --enabled
Create new tenant
keystone tenant-create --name --description --enabled

38. Nova (Compute Service)
List instances
nova list
List images
nova image-list
List flavors
nova flavor-list
Boot an instance
nova boot --image cirros --flavor m1.tiny --security-groups jp --nic net-
id=acf5f405-9b56-46c5-9a63-b5871f36f68a TestInstance

39. Nova VM actions (Pause, suspend, stop, reboot)
nova stop <name>
nova start <name>
nova pause <name>
nova unpause <name>
nova suspend <name>
nova resume <name>
nova reboot <name>

40. Nova cont.
# Create an instance snapshot
nova image-create volumeTwoImage snapshotOfVolumeImage
nova image-show snapshotOfVolumeImage
# Manage security groups
# Add rules to default security group allowing ping and ssh between #instances in
the default security group
nova secgroup-add-group-rule default default icmp -1 -1
nova secgroup-add-group-rule default default tcp 22 22

41. Glance (Image Service)
# Manage images
glance image-list, glance image-show/image-delete/image_update <image>
glance image-create --name “cirros-threepart-kernel” --disk-format aki --container-
format aki --is-public True --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.1~pre4-x86_64-vmlinuz

42. Neutron (Networking Service)
# Create network
neutron net-create <name>
# Create a subnet
neutron subnet-create <network name> <cidr>
neutron subnet-create my-network 10.0.0.0/29
# List/Show network and subnet
neutron net/subnet-list
neutron net/subnet-show <id or name of network>

43. Cinder (Block Storage)
# Manage volumes and volume snapshots
# Create a new volume
cinder create 1 --display-name MyFirstVolume
# Boot an instance and attach to volume
nova boot—image cirros-qcow2 --flavor m1.tiny MyVolumeInstance
# Attach volume to instance after instance is active, and volume is available
nova volume-attach <instance-id> <volume-id> auto
nova volume-attach MyVolumeInstance /dev/vdb auto

44. Swift (Object Store)
# List, Create containers & Objects in a container
swift list, swift post mycontainer, swift list container
# Upload file to a container
swift upload mycontainer myfile.txt
# Download object from container
swift download <container name> <file name>
# Upload with chunks, for large file
swift upload -S 64 mycontainer largeFile