Open SQL & Internal Table

ABAP Chapter 3 Open SQL Internal Table

SAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server DB Server SAP Application Server SAP GUI Presentation Server SAP GUI SAP GUI

SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture) Presentation Layer (Windows based) Application Layer (Windows Server/UNIX) Database Server Database Layer (Windows Server/UNIX) M SAP Instance Oracle Informix DB2 MS SQL Server SAP DB/MaxDB G Dispatcher Request Queue D D B V S E SAP Buffer (Shared Mem) SAP GUI SAP GUI

SAP System : Dialog Processing Database Server Application Server Dispatcher Request Queue D D D D … SAP Buffer Program Table … 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Report zpsm1. Tables customers. Select single * from customers where id = 1. Write: / customers-name. Execute ABAP statement Check Program in Program Buffer 7 Load&Gen Program SQL Request Send List Generate Screen(List) Send Request Request List 2 Search for free WP Store request to queue Send request to WP SAP GUI

Dialog Work Process Architecture TaskHandler DYNPRO Processor ABAP Processor Local Memory Memory Space DB Interface List buffer Database Server Dialog Work Process Result Set Memory

Open SQL SELECT ... INSERT ... UPDATE ... DELETE ...

DB Interface SAP Application Server Local Memory Dialog WP TaskHandler DB Interface Result Set Database Server ~ 32 KB in length ABAP Processor DYNPRO Memory Space List Buffer

Example Tables in DB spfli customers BK NY NY cityto 250 SQ 0110 SQ 540 BK 0402 LH 100 LA 0400 LH distance cityfrom connid carrid London David 3 Singapore Peter 2 New York John 1 city name id

Example Tables in DB sflight 75 20010226 0110 SQ 130 20010228 0400 LH 145 20010110 0400 LH 150 20010101 0400 LH price fldate connid carrid

Select Overview Select < result > Which Columns? From < table > Which Table? Into < destination > Where to place? Where < condition > Which Lines?

Select Statement Select multiple records from database Select single record from database SELECT * FROM customers. … ENDSELECT. SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = 1. …

Select Multiple Records Tables spfli. Seclect * from spfli. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spf li-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / ‘No Data’. endif.

Dialog WP Dialog WP TaskHandler DYNPRO Processor ABAP Processor Database Local Memory Memory Space DB Interface Lis t b uffer Result Set

SELECT Statement Working Steps 1. Transform open SQL to DB SQL and return result set into result set work area SELECT * FROM spfli. … ENDSELECT. SELECT * FROM spfli; 2. Loop with data in result set and transfer each record to work area in memory space SELECT * FROM spfli. … ENDSELECT. Table Structure in Memory Space

Select … Into Table Structure Tables spfli. Seclect * from spfli into spfli . write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / ‘No Data’. endif.

Select … Into Work Area Data wa like spfli. Seclect * from spfli into wa . write: / wa -carrid, wa -connid, wa -cityfrom, wa -cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / ‘No Data’. endif.

Exercise I customers-id customers-name customers-city

Loop Processing with Restriction Tables spfli. Select * from spfli where cityfrom = ‘FRANKFURT’. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-cityto. endselect. If sy-subrc <> 0. write / ‘no data’. endif.

Select With Range Tables sflight. Select * From sflight Where price between 100 and 1000. Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid, sflight-price. Endselect.

SELECT … With IN List Tables sflight. Select * From sflight Where price in ( 100, 1000 ). Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid, sflight-price. Endselect.

Select Single Record Table s spfli. Select single * from spfli where carrid = ‘LH’ and connid = ‘0400’. if sy-subrc = 0. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto. else. write: / ‘Data not found’. endif.

Reading Selected Column Data: id like customers - id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city. Select id name city into ( id , name, city ) from customers. write: / id, name, city . endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / ‘No Data found ’. endif.

Reading Selected Column Data: begin of wa, id like customers - id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city, end of wa. Select id name city into wa from customers. write: / wa-id, wa-name , wa-city . endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / ‘No Data found ’. endif.

Reading Selected Column Tables customers. Select id name city into (customers-id, customers-name, customers-city) from customers. write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city . endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / ‘No Data found ’. endif.

Corresponding Fields of... Tables: customers. Select id name city into corresponding fields of customers from customers. Write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city. Endselect.

Select Statement : Special Topics

DB Count : SY-DBCNT Tables customers. Select * from customers. write: / sy-dbcnt , customers-id, customers-name . endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write : / ‘No Data found ’. else. write: / sy-dbcnt, ‘Record found’. endif.

SELECT … ORDER BY ... Tables: spfli. Select * from spfli Order by cityfrom . Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom. Endselect.

SELECT … With Template Tables customers. Select * From customers Where name Like ‘_ r %’. Write: / customers-id,customers-name. Endselect.

Aggregate Functions Data: maxdat like sflight-distance, mindat like sflight-distance, counter type I. Select C OUNT ( * ) M IN ( distance ) M AX ( distance ) into (counter , m in dat, m ax dat) from spfli. Write: / ‘Count :’ , counter , / ‘Min :’ , mindat, / ‘Max :’ , maxdat . Aggregate Functions : COUNT,MIN,MAX,AVG and SUM

SELECT … GROUP BY ... Data: carrid like sflight-carrid, mindat Type P Decimals 2, maxdat Type P Decimals 2. Select carrid Min( price ) Max( price ) Into (carrid, mindat, maxdat) From sflight Group by carrid. Write: / carrid, mindat, maxdat. Endselect. อยากทราบว่า ในแต่ละสายการบิน มีราคาตั๋วต่ำสุดและสูงสุดเท่าไร sflight 75 20010226 0110 SQ 130 20010228 0400 LH 145 20010110 0400 LH 150 20010101 0400 LH Price fldate connid carrid

Sub Query tables customers. select * from customers where id <> 1 and city = ( select city from customers where id = 1 ). write: / customers-id, customers-name. endselect. ลูกค้าคนใดที่อยู่เมืองเดียวกับลูกค้ารหัส ID 1

Exercise I customers-id customers-name customers-city ห้ามใช้ SELECT *

Exercise II usr02-ltime usr02-trdat usr02-bname ห้ามใช้ SELECT *

Tables Join spfli sflight BK NY BK cityto 250 SQ 0110 SQ 540 BK 0402 LH 100 NY 0400 LH distance cityfrom connid carrid 75 20010226 0110 SQ 130 20010228 0400 LH 145 20010110 0400 LH 150 20010101 0400 LH price fldate connid carrid

Tables Join Question: Select carrid, connid and cityto from spfli and fldate,price from sflight where carrid = ‘LH’ spfli-carrid spfli-connid sflight-fldate spfli-cityto sflight-price เงื่อนไข : ให้แสดงข้อมูลเฉพาะสายการบิน ‘ LH’ เท่านั้น

Standard SQL Select spfli.carrid, spfli.connid, sflight.fldate, sflight.price From spfli, sflight Where spfli.carrid = sflight.carrid and spfli.connid = sflight.connid and spfli.carrid = ‘LH’;

Tables Join Methods Nested select statement Internal table View Inner join of Select statement

Nested Select Statement Tables: spfli,sflight. Select * from spfli where carrid = ‘LH’. Select * from sflight where carrid = spfli-carrid and connid = spfli-connid. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, sflight-price. Endselect. Endselect.

Open SQL – Inner Join Tables: spfli,sflight. Select spfli~carrid spfli~connid sflight~fldate spfli~cityto sflight~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price) from spfli inner join sflight on spfli~carrid = sflight~carrid and spfli~connid = sflight~connid where spfli~carrid = ‘LH’. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price. Endselect.

Open SQL – Inner Join Tables: A,B. Select A~a B~b B~c into (A-a,B-b,B-c) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b. Write: / A-a,B-b,B-c. Endselect. Table : A Table : B A-a B-b B-c b2 a2 b1 a1 b a c2 b2 c3 b3 c1 b1 c b

Open SQL – Inner Join Table : A Table : B Single Result Table(Result set) Select … inner join.. Endselect. Database Server Application Server 1 2 b2 a2 b1 a1 b a c2 b2 c3 b3 c1 b1 c b b2 b1 B~b c2 a2 c1 a1 B~c A~a

Open SQL – Alias Table Name Tables: spfli,sflight. Select a~carrid a~connid b~fldate a~cityto b~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price) from spfli as a inner join sflight as b on a~carrid = b~carrid and a~connid = b~connid where a~carrid = ‘LH’. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price. Endselect.

Inner Join/Outer Join Example ZPRODUCTS ZSALES ZSALEREPS ZCUSTOMERS 432555 Singapore David 3 234111 Bangkok Micheal 4 222222 London Peter 2 111111 New York John 1 tel city name id CD Tape Ruler Pencil Pen prod_name 120 X1 80 B1 99 Y1 125 A2 100 A1 on_hand p_id 90 50 10 qty 02 20020321 X1 3 01 20020318 A2 1 01 20020318 A1 1 sale_id sale_date prod_id cust_id Pipop 02 Somchai 01 name sale_id

Open SQL – Inner Join REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.

Open SQL – Inner Join > 2 Tables Tables: A,B,C. Select A~a B~c C~y into (A-a,B-c,C-y) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b inner join C on C~x = B~c. Write: / A-a,B-c,C-y. Endselect. Table : A Table : B Table : C A-a B-c C-y … … b a ... … … … ... … c b ... … y x

Open SQL – Inner Join > 2 Tables REPORT ZINNERJOIN02 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZPRODUCTS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME C~PROD_NAME B~QTY INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME, ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME, ZSALES-QTY) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID INNER JOIN ZPRODUCTS AS C ON C~P_ID = B~PROD_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME,ZSALES-QTY. ENDSELECT.

Exercise List customers who buy product from company as following fields: zcustomers-id zcustomers-name zsales-sale_date zproducts-prod_name zsales-qty zsalereps-name

Exercise : User Master USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER USR02 USR21 ADCP BNAME PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER Tables Relationship

Open SQL – Outer Join REPORT ZOUTERJOIN . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZCUSTOMERS AS A LEFT OUTER JOIN ZSALES AS B ON A~ID = B~CUST_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT. Single Result Table B~PROD_ID A~NAME X1 David Micheal Peter A2 John A1 John

Exercise List customers name who do not buy any product from company

Sub Query REPORT ZSUBQUERY . tables: zcustomers. select * from zcustomers as a where not exists ( select * from zsales as b where b~cust_id = a~id ). write: / zcustomers-name. endselect. ลูกค้าชื่ออะไรที่ไม่ได้ซื้อสินค้าจากเรา มีใครบ้าง

Data Objects in ABAP Memory Space Structure Table Structure Internal Table Variable Constants <Field-symbols>

INTERNAL TABLE Flight (Structure) Carrid Connid Date Price Internal Table Flight (Internal Table) Carrid Connid Date Price Header Line

Structure Data: Begin of flight, carrid like sflight-carrid, connid like sflight-connid, date like sflight-fldate, price like sflight-price. Data: End of flight. flight-carrid = ‘LH’. Write: / flight-carrid.

INTERNAL TABLE Data: begin of tab occurs 10, carrid like sflight-carrid, connid like sflight-connid, fldate like sflight-fldate, price like sflight-price. Data end of tab.

USING ABAP DICTIONARY STRUCTURE Data: begin of tab occurs 0 . Include structure sflight. Data end of tab.

INTERNAL TABLE USING LIKE Data tab LIKE sflight OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE .

FILLING INTERNAL TABLE (APPEND) Tables sflight. Data flight like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight. Move sflight to flight. Append flight. Endselect.

Standard Key of Internal Table Data: begin of tab occurs 0, f1 type C , f2 type I, f3 type N , f4 type P, end of tab. tab f4 f3 f2 f1

Reading Data From Internal Table Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight into table tab . If sy-subrc = 0. Loop at tab. Write: / tab-carrid, tab-price. Endloop. Else. Write: / ‘No Data’. Endif.

Access Database Without Internal Table

Access Database Using Internal Table

Reading Data From Internal Table Data : begin of tab occurs 0 , id like customers-id, name like customers-name, end of tab. Select id name from customers into table tab . If sy-subrc = 0. Loop at tab. Write: / tab-id, tab -name . Endloop. else . Write : / ‘No Data’. Endif.

Exercise I : Change Using Internal Table

SORTING INTERNAL TABLE (SORT) Sort flight. Sort flight by price fldate. Sort flight by price ascending fldate descending.

Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with header line. Select * from spfli into table tab. Sort tab by cityfrom. … Loop at tab. write: / tab-carrid, tab-connid,tab-cityfrom. Endloop. SORTING INTERNAL TABLE

PROCESSING INTERNAL TABLE ... Loop at flight. Write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endloop. Loop at flight where carrid = ‘LH’. Write: / flight-carrid , flight-connid. Endloop. Loop at flight from 1 to 10. Write: / sy-tabix , flight-carrid , flight-connid. Endloop.

Internal Table Template Condition ... loop at tab where name cp ‘+r*’. ...

Reading Single Record ... Sort flight by carrid connid fldate . Read table flight with key c arrid = ‘LH’ c onnid = ‘0400’ fldate = ‘19990201’ Binary Search. if sy-subrc = 0 . write : / flight-carrid,flight-connid, flight-fldate, flight-price. endif.

Reading Single Record using Index ... Read table flight index 3. If sy-subrc = 0. write: / flight-carrid , flight-connid . Endif.

CHANGING INTERNAL TABLE ... Delete flight index 5. Delete flight where carrid = ‘LH’. flight-carrid = ‘XX’. flight-price = 100. … Insert flight index 1.

DELETING INTERNAL TABLE Clear flight. Refresh flight. Free flight. DATA flight LIKE sflight occurs 0 with header line.

Total Record of Internal Table Data: line_count type i. Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight into table tab. Describe table tab lines line_count. Write: / line_count.

Internal Table Processing Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with Header line. … Select * from spfli appending table tab where carrid = ‘LH’.

SELECT … INNER JOIN REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.

Inner Join into Internal Table REPORT ZJOIN01 . DATA: begin of tab occurs 0, name like zcustomers-name, prod_id like zsales-prod_id, end of tab. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO TABLE tab FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. … LOOP AT tab. WRITE: / TAB-NAME,TAB-PROD_ID. ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Without Header Line DATA tab LIKE customers OCCURS 0. DATA wa LIKE customers. … LOOP AT tab INTO wa . WRITE: / wa-id, wa-name. ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Declaration DATA tab TYPE TABLE OF customers. DATA wa LIKE LINE OF customers. …

Database Table Processing INSERT UPDATE MODIFY DELETE Database

Insert (Table) Tables customers. customers-id = ‘999’. customers-name = ‘Test’. Insert customers. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / ‘Data Already Exists’. endif.

Update Statement Tables customers. Select single * from customers where id = 1. If sy-subrc = 0. customers-name = ‘John’. update customers. Endif. Update customers set name = ‘John’ where id = 1.

Update Statement Data wa like customers. wa -id = ‘1’. wa-nam e = ‘Test No 1’. wa-city = ‘Bangkok’. update customers from wa . If sy-subrc <> 0. write: / ‘Data not found’. Endif.

Modify Statement Tables customers. customers-id = ‘1’. customers-name = ‘Test No 1’. Modify customers.

Deleting Database Table Entries Tables customers. customers-id = ‘1’. Delete customers. Delete customers From Table delcustomers. Delete From customers Where city = ‘ Bangkok ’.

Exercise II usr02-ltime usr02-trdat usr02-bname 1. ห้ามใช้ SELECT * 2. ใช้ Internal Table

Tables Relationship for User Master USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER USR02 USR21 ADCP BNAME PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER Tables Relationship

Exercise III : User Master usr02-bname usr02-trdat adcp-tel_number ใช้ Internal Table

Open SQL & Internal Table

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