This document discusses open source software and open source business models. It begins with an introduction to open source software, including definitions and licenses. It notes the growth of open source and benefits such as lower costs. However, it also identifies challenges for open source like the lack of a "whole product" and professional services. The document then analyzes the differences between proprietary and open source business models. It proposes crossing the adoption chasm by focusing on the "whole product" and targeting customer needs rather than just the software. Overcoming barriers will also help drive more widespread open source adoption.
There are hundreds of open source licenses. Most developers don't take the time to read or understand them, but can you continue to ignore them? We have seen a rise in litigation around open source license over the last 10 years. And, in the last 12 months we have seen the first examples of OSS copyright trolls that are taking developers to court in an attempt to monetize GPL violations.
This presentation covers: How OSS licenses are enforced;
What are the main types of OSS licenses; How to identify them;
and what steps you need to take to ensure you are complying.
We cover use case scenarios and do a "deep dive" on the most used licenses today and how to understand them
Open source licenses can be more than a little confusing for those of us that just want to write a little bit of code. However, with open source components playing such a big part in the products that we create, open source licenses and compliance simply can’t be ignored.
We’ve compiled the one stop resource guide for working compliantly with open source components, including answers to FAQs about the most popular licenses in 2018. Read all about the hottest licensing trends that you need to be following and some predictions for 2019.
A primer on adapting open source software to an IT service organization. Focuses on how open source licenses are different and how it may affect your business model and intellectual property.
Open Source Licenses / A presentation By Dr. Kalyan C Kankanala
Contact Us for Intellectual Property Services
BananaIP Counsels
Regd Office
No.40,3rd Main Road,JC Industrial Estate,
Kanakapura Road,Bangalore – 560 062.
Email: contact@bananaip.com
Telephone: +91-80-26860414 /24/34
More than ever, open source software is at the heart of modern online businesses and technology companies. Open source is nearly everywhere: web browsers, smartphones, home wireless routers, databases, web servers, and countless components of free, commercial, and large enterprise software. But most open source software comes with strings attached, and if misunderstood, they can trip up the unwary.
Topics:
• The most common sources of non-compliance with open source licenses
• The key differences between the most popular licenses
• The basis in intellectual property law for open source licensing
• How courts in the US and abroad have enforced open source licenses
These slides are from a webinar by attorney Ansel Halliburton on September 22, 2015.
Apache or GPL? MIT or BSD? These are just some of the licenses that attach to open source software. Do you know the important distinctions between them?
This presentation is an introduction to Free and Open Source Software Licensing and Business Models. An open-source license is a type of license for computer software and other products that allows the source code, blueprint or design to be used, modified and/or shared under defined terms and conditions. This allows end users to review and modify the source code, blueprint or design for their own customization, curiosity or troubleshooting needs.
This slidedeck is the first presentation in a series of presentations on legal issues on open source licensing by Karen Copenhaver of Choate Hall and Mark Radcliffe of DLA Piper. To view the webinars, please go to http://www.blackducksoftware.com/files/legal-webinar-series.html. You may also want to visit my blog which frequently deals with open source legal issues http://lawandlifesiliconvalley.com/blog/
There are hundreds of open source licenses. Most developers don't take the time to read or understand them, but can you continue to ignore them? We have seen a rise in litigation around open source license over the last 10 years. And, in the last 12 months we have seen the first examples of OSS copyright trolls that are taking developers to court in an attempt to monetize GPL violations.
This presentation covers: How OSS licenses are enforced;
What are the main types of OSS licenses; How to identify them;
and what steps you need to take to ensure you are complying.
We cover use case scenarios and do a "deep dive" on the most used licenses today and how to understand them
Open source licenses can be more than a little confusing for those of us that just want to write a little bit of code. However, with open source components playing such a big part in the products that we create, open source licenses and compliance simply can’t be ignored.
We’ve compiled the one stop resource guide for working compliantly with open source components, including answers to FAQs about the most popular licenses in 2018. Read all about the hottest licensing trends that you need to be following and some predictions for 2019.
A primer on adapting open source software to an IT service organization. Focuses on how open source licenses are different and how it may affect your business model and intellectual property.
Open Source Licenses / A presentation By Dr. Kalyan C Kankanala
Contact Us for Intellectual Property Services
BananaIP Counsels
Regd Office
No.40,3rd Main Road,JC Industrial Estate,
Kanakapura Road,Bangalore – 560 062.
Email: contact@bananaip.com
Telephone: +91-80-26860414 /24/34
More than ever, open source software is at the heart of modern online businesses and technology companies. Open source is nearly everywhere: web browsers, smartphones, home wireless routers, databases, web servers, and countless components of free, commercial, and large enterprise software. But most open source software comes with strings attached, and if misunderstood, they can trip up the unwary.
Topics:
• The most common sources of non-compliance with open source licenses
• The key differences between the most popular licenses
• The basis in intellectual property law for open source licensing
• How courts in the US and abroad have enforced open source licenses
These slides are from a webinar by attorney Ansel Halliburton on September 22, 2015.
Apache or GPL? MIT or BSD? These are just some of the licenses that attach to open source software. Do you know the important distinctions between them?
This presentation is an introduction to Free and Open Source Software Licensing and Business Models. An open-source license is a type of license for computer software and other products that allows the source code, blueprint or design to be used, modified and/or shared under defined terms and conditions. This allows end users to review and modify the source code, blueprint or design for their own customization, curiosity or troubleshooting needs.
This slidedeck is the first presentation in a series of presentations on legal issues on open source licensing by Karen Copenhaver of Choate Hall and Mark Radcliffe of DLA Piper. To view the webinars, please go to http://www.blackducksoftware.com/files/legal-webinar-series.html. You may also want to visit my blog which frequently deals with open source legal issues http://lawandlifesiliconvalley.com/blog/
A brief introduction to open source licenses, why they are important, different types of licenses, and challenges related open source software licenses. Latter part of the presentation also talks a bit about how to apply Apache Licence to a project.
Open source is gleefully rewriting the rules of IT development at all levels of industry and government. Adoption of open source in government is well underway, with success stories illustrating the benefits.
This decade we are going further - fostering a healthy, sustainable, working relationship between government and open source:
* This presentation digs into the flexibility of open source licensing and how government organizations can meet the challenges of developing with open source.
* We will look at the advantages of government participation in open source at the project, institutional, and foundation level.
Attend this talk to understand how your organization cannot only benefit from open source, but be open source.
LinuxCon Europe 2014: License Compliance and Open Source Software Logistics f...Black Duck by Synopsys
Software deployment is moving rapidly from “on premises” to service-based and cloud models–requiring developers to upgrade knowledge of OSS licenses. Most OSS licenses were developed around traditional delivery models; however, these models didn’t anticipate advances in cloud computing, which has resulted in some popular licenses having implications for SaaS. With the shift to SaaS and cloud, this new class of licenses (including the AGPL) has become increasingly important. In this presentation, Kirsten Newcomer will review the application of OSS licenses, particularly AGPL and similar licenses, to these services. Newcomer will also review reasoning behind the proliferation in projects with AGPL-type licenses, the new compliance and license complexities introduced by Docker, and the logistical challenges inherent in managing open source in SaaS applications.
Open source is a program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design free of cost.
Open source software are the once whose licenses are not restrictive and if gives us the freedom to use the program for any purpose, modify it and distribute it for further use without having to pay for it.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Duis ut imperdiet enim. Donec lectus eros, luctus quis dapibus ac, posuere sed dolor. Sed id orci at sapien hendrerit adipiscing et at enim. Nam eu adipiscing mauris. Nulla aliquam nisl nec risus viverra elementum. Maecenas facilisis.
Open source software presentation
Advantages of open-source software
Disadvantages of open-source software
MYTH about open source software
Example of open source
What is the open source license
open source vs closed course
Why do people prefer using open source software?
Introduction to the legal aspects and pitfalls of open source and software licensing in general, with a walkthrough (and code snippets) of how to successfully apply a license to an open source project.
KCS is one the best mobile application development providing company custom android App development, Windows app development, iOS App Development , Blackberry App Development.
Open Source Academy Presentation on Open Source and Wordpressopensourceacademy
Power point presentation on Open Source Software and introduction Wordpress Content Management system.
This presenation may be helpful to know what is open source and provides basic idea on what is wordpress.
This presentation is created by Harishankar Rangaraj, Founder Open Source Academy India Pvt.
You Can contact us for any support for Training | Migration | Development of Open Source Software
Email: info@osaipl.com
www.osaipl.com
Knowledge on open source software, license and usages.
Difference between open source foundation and free software foundation.
Alos, knows software categories belongs to open source.
Why Open Source GIS is A Viable Option for Korean National GIS?SANGHEE SHIN
This presentation will talk about the recent positive change of Korean government's policy toward open source GIS and its background rationale by reviewing past investment on Korean GIS from 1995 to 2011 and related research reports on open source GIS adoptions in Korea.
January 2013, Ministry of Land and Transportation, Korea, announced new mid-long term Korean National GIS R&D plan composed of 16 major action items. Surprisingly Korean government included ‘Development of Open Source GIS’ within 16 major action items. According to this tentative R&D plan Korean government will invest around US$ 15 Million in ‘Development of Open Source GIS’ for next 7 years, this open source GIS development plan should go through feasibility study and get final budget approval though. This announcement was widely accepted as a positive sign of policy change toward open source GIS in Korean government, since Korean government has usually given much preferences to Korean local GIS technology against so-called foreign GIS technology(e.g. ESRI, Intergraph, ERDAS..) and open source GIS.
This presentation will mainly talk about the rationale why Korean government changed its policy toward open source GIS by reviewing the results of past Korean NGIS(National GIS) R&D program. And a research report, ‘Strategies on Building the Platform for GeoSpatial Information Technology Development: Based on Open Source Thinking’ by KRIHS(Korean Research Institute of Human Settlements), will be introduced largely, since this report had great impact on policy change of Korean government toward open source GIS.
3 main parts will be delivered through presentation. Those are as follows:
First, current market situation and R&D model change will be discussed including closed innovation and open innovation. Rapid market change and paradigm shift of innovation model raised fundamental questions on Korean NGIS R&D structure.
Second, past Koran NGIS R&D program, goals and strategies will be introduced. Korean government invested around US$ 200 Million from 1995 through to 2011. And the results, merits & demerits of this investment will be discussed.
Third, proposed strategies to Korean government will be introduced, those are ‘Inside-Out strategy’, ‘Outside-In Strategy’ and ‘Select & Focus Strategy.’
A brief introduction to open source licenses, why they are important, different types of licenses, and challenges related open source software licenses. Latter part of the presentation also talks a bit about how to apply Apache Licence to a project.
Open source is gleefully rewriting the rules of IT development at all levels of industry and government. Adoption of open source in government is well underway, with success stories illustrating the benefits.
This decade we are going further - fostering a healthy, sustainable, working relationship between government and open source:
* This presentation digs into the flexibility of open source licensing and how government organizations can meet the challenges of developing with open source.
* We will look at the advantages of government participation in open source at the project, institutional, and foundation level.
Attend this talk to understand how your organization cannot only benefit from open source, but be open source.
LinuxCon Europe 2014: License Compliance and Open Source Software Logistics f...Black Duck by Synopsys
Software deployment is moving rapidly from “on premises” to service-based and cloud models–requiring developers to upgrade knowledge of OSS licenses. Most OSS licenses were developed around traditional delivery models; however, these models didn’t anticipate advances in cloud computing, which has resulted in some popular licenses having implications for SaaS. With the shift to SaaS and cloud, this new class of licenses (including the AGPL) has become increasingly important. In this presentation, Kirsten Newcomer will review the application of OSS licenses, particularly AGPL and similar licenses, to these services. Newcomer will also review reasoning behind the proliferation in projects with AGPL-type licenses, the new compliance and license complexities introduced by Docker, and the logistical challenges inherent in managing open source in SaaS applications.
Open source is a program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design free of cost.
Open source software are the once whose licenses are not restrictive and if gives us the freedom to use the program for any purpose, modify it and distribute it for further use without having to pay for it.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Duis ut imperdiet enim. Donec lectus eros, luctus quis dapibus ac, posuere sed dolor. Sed id orci at sapien hendrerit adipiscing et at enim. Nam eu adipiscing mauris. Nulla aliquam nisl nec risus viverra elementum. Maecenas facilisis.
Open source software presentation
Advantages of open-source software
Disadvantages of open-source software
MYTH about open source software
Example of open source
What is the open source license
open source vs closed course
Why do people prefer using open source software?
Introduction to the legal aspects and pitfalls of open source and software licensing in general, with a walkthrough (and code snippets) of how to successfully apply a license to an open source project.
KCS is one the best mobile application development providing company custom android App development, Windows app development, iOS App Development , Blackberry App Development.
Open Source Academy Presentation on Open Source and Wordpressopensourceacademy
Power point presentation on Open Source Software and introduction Wordpress Content Management system.
This presenation may be helpful to know what is open source and provides basic idea on what is wordpress.
This presentation is created by Harishankar Rangaraj, Founder Open Source Academy India Pvt.
You Can contact us for any support for Training | Migration | Development of Open Source Software
Email: info@osaipl.com
www.osaipl.com
Knowledge on open source software, license and usages.
Difference between open source foundation and free software foundation.
Alos, knows software categories belongs to open source.
Why Open Source GIS is A Viable Option for Korean National GIS?SANGHEE SHIN
This presentation will talk about the recent positive change of Korean government's policy toward open source GIS and its background rationale by reviewing past investment on Korean GIS from 1995 to 2011 and related research reports on open source GIS adoptions in Korea.
January 2013, Ministry of Land and Transportation, Korea, announced new mid-long term Korean National GIS R&D plan composed of 16 major action items. Surprisingly Korean government included ‘Development of Open Source GIS’ within 16 major action items. According to this tentative R&D plan Korean government will invest around US$ 15 Million in ‘Development of Open Source GIS’ for next 7 years, this open source GIS development plan should go through feasibility study and get final budget approval though. This announcement was widely accepted as a positive sign of policy change toward open source GIS in Korean government, since Korean government has usually given much preferences to Korean local GIS technology against so-called foreign GIS technology(e.g. ESRI, Intergraph, ERDAS..) and open source GIS.
This presentation will mainly talk about the rationale why Korean government changed its policy toward open source GIS by reviewing the results of past Korean NGIS(National GIS) R&D program. And a research report, ‘Strategies on Building the Platform for GeoSpatial Information Technology Development: Based on Open Source Thinking’ by KRIHS(Korean Research Institute of Human Settlements), will be introduced largely, since this report had great impact on policy change of Korean government toward open source GIS.
3 main parts will be delivered through presentation. Those are as follows:
First, current market situation and R&D model change will be discussed including closed innovation and open innovation. Rapid market change and paradigm shift of innovation model raised fundamental questions on Korean NGIS R&D structure.
Second, past Koran NGIS R&D program, goals and strategies will be introduced. Korean government invested around US$ 200 Million from 1995 through to 2011. And the results, merits & demerits of this investment will be discussed.
Third, proposed strategies to Korean government will be introduced, those are ‘Inside-Out strategy’, ‘Outside-In Strategy’ and ‘Select & Focus Strategy.’
한국공간정보학회 2013년 1월 25일 공간정보포럼 발표 자료.
오픈 소스와 독점 소프트웨어라는 이분법적 사고를 넘어서, 이 둘을 어떻게 전략적으로 잘 활용할 것인지에 대한 내용을 담고 있습니다.
그리고 이런 배경 속에서 한국의 GIS 회사가 어떤 독점 소프트웨어를 만드는 게 현재와 같이 빠른 시장 변화 속에서 살아남을 수 있는지에 대해서도 언급하였습니다.
Paradigm Shift of Geospatial Information ServiceSANGHEE SHIN
"Paradigm Shift of Geospatial Information Service:From Mass Production to Mass Customization, A Case Study of Korea NGII"
This talk was given at the 2nd Eurasian SDI conference held at Astana, Kazakhstan from 27th to 29th July 2016. This presentation contains parts of consulting report submitted to Korea NGII(National Geospatial Information Institute), a sort of national mapping agency in Korea.
One of goal of this project is seamless integration of indoor and outdoor space on top of web browser. This project aims at developing a sort of plugin for WebGL glove(Web World Wind, Cesium) to expand its functionalities and usabilities to indoor space and architectural (BIM) areas. MAGO3D can import IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) data from architecture files. And then MAGO3D can visualise massive indoor data, at least 100k objects, in a single scene seamlessly with traditional outdoor 3D GIS objects. Users can now manage and handle almost every geospatial object from desktop level to space level with MAGO3D. This project will evolve to manage and service more dynamic data such as IoT (Internet of Things), climate and weather data, and transportation.
공간정보, 그 변화와 이동 - 국토부 국토정보정책아카데미 특강(11월 26일)SANGHEE SHIN
2013년 11월 26일 국토부의 국토정보정책아카데미에서 발표한 자료입니다.
공간정보와 관련된 다음의 4가지 변화와 이동에 대해 생각해 봤습니다.
1. 공간에 대한 인식 범위의 변화
2. 공간정보 생산 주체와 방식의 변화
3. 공간정보의 의미론적 변화
4. 공간정보의 역할론적 변화
2016년 12월 2일 COEX에서 개최된 제8회 공개SW Day 행사 기조 강연 자료. 어쩌다 오픈소스에 관심을 갖게되었는지, 오픈소스 비즈니스를 어떻게 보는지, 회사는 어떤 원칙으로 경영하는지, 그리고 오픈소스 비즈니스의 현실적 어려움에 대해 개인적인 경험을 공유해 봄.
국토지리정보원의 요청으로 수행했던 '공간정보 대량맞춤화 정보지원체계 연구' 소개 자료입니다. 연구의 배경, 공간정보 대량맞춤화의 개념, 향후 업무 체계 변화 방향, 법제도 개선 방향 등 연구 전반에 대한 개략적인 소개를 담고 있습니다. 결론적으로, 현재의 공급자, 제품 위주의 공간정보 생산/관리/제공 체계를 수요자, 서비스 위주로 개선할 때 필요한 사항들을 지적하고 있습니다.
Explains the concept of Open Source Software and argues why Libraries should use it. Also provides a glimpse of OSS Applications that can be used in Libraries
Best practice recommendations for utilizing open source software (from a lega...Rogue Wave Software
Presented at Sensors Expo and Conference 2015, this session covers: Trends in open source software (OSS); The open source audit and license identification; Developing an OSS process and policy; Compliance; and Legal implications.
Implications of Open Source Software Use (or Let's Talk Open Source)Gail Murphy
A talk given to the UBC Computer Science Alumni group discussing a number of implications of the use of open source as part of the global software supply chain.
Expert Lecture delivered at K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik (INDIA)
by,
Tushar B Kute (Asst. Professor, Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre, Nashik)
From Sensors expo & conference 2016.
Rogue Wave CTO Rod Cope presented on open source software for the IoT and will explain how the devil's in the details.
Open source software (OSS) is growing in software development today especially in the IoT space, driving technical innovation, enabling productivity gains, and touching everything from big data and cloud to mobile and embedded. The use of OSS is favorable, because it decreases the time to market and reduces cost. Despite its importance and reach, there’s little understanding within the development community regarding OSS license obligations and what is requested for compliance.
While it’s free, easy to find, and pushes software to the market faster, it’s vital to understand how to use OSS safely.
Simon Phipps, President, Open Source Initiative
Open source is not about free stuff. It's a way of granting permission in advance so that innovation can happen without obstruction and so loose-knit communities can collaborate freely. As such, it's more important than ever in an age of APIs, devices and distributed web infrastructure.
This session will:
Explain the dynamics of open source licensing
Consider the relative merits of licensing "strengths" for IoT
Discuss the challenges of software patents to APIs and open collaboration.
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?SANGHEE SHIN
At the OGC member meeting in Delft, Netherlands, my team from Gaia3D and I shared our experiences and the challenges we faced while visualizing large spatio-temporal datasets in digital twins. In conclusion, we discussed the necessity for a new standard, referred to as 'Voxel Tiles,' for visualizing spatio-temporal data.
2022년 10월 13일 부산 디지털대전환 컨퍼런스에서 발표한 자료입니다.
** 요약 **
현실 세계의 디지털 미러링인 디지털트윈은 제조업과 보건의료 분야뿐만 아니라 도시 분야에서도 활발하게 활용되고 있다. 도시 및 국토 관리, 스마트시티에서 디지털 트윈의 도입과 활용은 관련 기술의 발전에 힘입은 바 크다. 사물인터넷(IoT), CCTV, 드론, 라이다, 자율주행차, 모바일 매핑시스템(MMS), 지구관측위성, 스마트폰의 보급과 확산은 과거보다 더 빠르고 저렴하게 지구상의 각종 정보를 취득할 수 있게 하였다. 그리고 인터넷과 5G를 활용한 연결성은 관련 정보의 실시간 활용성을 극대화하고 있다. 데이터 분석, 인공지능 그리고 시각화 기술의 발전은 데이터의 빠른 처리, 최적화, 의사결정을 가능케 하고 있다. 현실 세계의 객체와 현상을 센서를 통해 모니터링하고 모델링함으로써 가상 세계에 빠르게 재현해낼 수 있는 이러한 기술 발전은 도시, 국토 문제 또한 디지털 트윈을 통해 분석하고 해결할 수 있으리라는 희망과 자신감을 제공했다.
본 발표에서는 최근의 기술적 발전, 디지털트윈을 활용한 도시 및 국토 관리 동향, 표준화 움직임, 실제 구축 사례 등을 살펴보고 마지막으로 도시 디지털트윈의 명암에 대해 논의한다.
2021년 12월 23일 전주정보문화산업진흥원 주최의 전주콘텐트페어에서 특강한 자료입니다.
***
본 강연에서는 현실 세계의 미러링인 디지털 트윈의 개념, 동향, 그리고 앞으로 가능성과 한계를 도시와 공간정보 관점에서 조망한다.
통제된 환경이 가능한 제조업에서 많이 활용되던 디지털트윈은 최근 도시관리의 새로운 패러다임으로서 그 가능성을 인정받고 있다. 공간정보 관련 국제표준화기구인 OGC와 buildingSmart가 디지털트윈 구현을 위한 3차원 데이터 표준과 호환 등에 관해 논의하고 있으며, 영국은 국가디지털트윈프로그램(National Digital Twin Programme)을 출범시키고 디지털 트윈을 구현하기 위한 다양한 활동을 진행 중이다. 우리나라 또한 디지털 트윈을 스마트시티에 적용하기 위한 다양한 사업을 진행하고 있다.
현실 세계의 모사라는 디지털 트윈의 성격상 3차원 객체와 공간정보는 디지털 트윈의 구성과 운영에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 공간정보 분야에서는 라이다, 드론, 항공측량, 인공위성, BIM(Building Information Modeling) 등의 원천 데이터를 활용하여 3차원 지형지물과 건물 등을 가상세계에 재생해내고 있다. 더불어 센서 가격 하락, 관련 기술의 확산, 인터넷과 5G 등의 연결 등이 더 싸고 더 빠르게 3차원 공간정보를 생산할 수 있는 밑거름으로 작용하고 있다.
하지만, 디지털트윈 기반의 스마트시티는 그 장밋빛 이미지와 달리 쉽지 않은 긴 여정이다. 과대홍보와 과도한 기대, 시스템의 복잡도에 따라 증가하는 디지털트윈 구축과 관리 비용, 사이버 보안 문제, 부족한 인력, 미흡한 표준화와 산업계 협력 등이 디지털트윈 스마트시티 구축의 위험요소로 지적되고 있다. 대표적인 복잡계인 도시문제를 디지털트윈을 통해 관리, 해결하려면 도시와 관련된 여러 특성과 데이터를 이해하는 것이 필수적이다. 디지털트윈의 진정한 가치는 다른 영역과 연계, 융합될 때 발휘되므로, 개별 영역 위주 관점에서 벗어나 통합적 정책과 실행이 필요하다.
2021년 10월 28일 제주 서귀포 KAL호텔에서 개최된 한국환경영향평가학회 추계학술대회에서 발표한 자료입니다. 환경부 R&D인 '환경영향평가 의사결정 검토지원모델 결과 시공간 표출기술 개발' 과제의 현재까지 성과를 전문가와 공유했습니다.
본 '환경영향평가 의사결정 검토지원모델 결과 시공간 표출기술 개발' 은 크게 두 부문으로 나뉘어 연구되고 있으며, 그 자세한 내용은 아래와 같습니다.
1. 환경영향평가 시공간 시각화/가시화 기술
본 기술은 환경영향평가 과정의 각종 데이터를 마치 멀티미디어처럼 시공간적(3∙4차원)으로 시각화/가시화하고, 사용자가 직접 모델링이나 시뮬레이션에 참여하여 그 결과를 바로 확인할 수 있게 하는 기술이다.
본 기술은 크게 3분야로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, BIM(Building Information Modelling) 가시화 기술이다. BIM은 차세대 건축/토목 분야의 사실상 표준으로서 향후 BIM으로 계획∙설계된 개발 정보를 환경영향평가 시스템에서 받아들이고 가시화하는 것이 필수적이다. 둘째, 악취, 소음, 대기질, 일조, 경관 등과 같이 그 정보를 시공간적으로 가시화하는 기술이다. 이러한 항목의 예측 결과는 현재 3∙4차원적으로 생산되고 있으나 환경영향평가서에는 단지 2차원 그림만으로 제시되고 있다. 셋째, 사용자가 직접 모델링이나 시뮬레이션에 참여하는 소위 Easy Finger 기술이다. 사용자가 직접 건축물의 배치, 층고 등을 변화시키거나 소음원의 위치를 이동시킴으로써 관련 환경적 영향이 어떻게 바뀌는지 바로 경험할 수 있다.
2. 환경영향평가 의사결정지원 사용자 맞춤형 시스템
환경영향평가 의사결정지원 사용자 맞춤형 시스템은 사업자/대행자, 검토자/협의자, 주민/일반시민의 세 이해관계자 그룹에게 맞춤형 환경영향평가 시스템을 제공한다. 사용자 그룹별로 이 시스템의 데이터와 기능에 대한 접근 권한이 다르다. 이 시스템은 환경영향평가 시공간 시각화/가시화 기술을 근간으로 활용한다. 이 시스템은 전체적으로 스코핑 서비스, D.I.Y Check 서비스, 환경영향예측 서비스, Easy Finger 시뮬레이션 서비스, 유사사업분석 서비스 등을 제공하며, 이해관계자 그룹은 이 시스템을 이용하여 환경영향평가서를 작성하거나 각종 환경영향평가 정보에 접근하거나 Easy Finger 기능을 활용하여 직접 시뮬레이션을 수행하게 된다. 환경영향평가 과정의 접근성과 투명성을 높여 이해관계자들 사이의 불필요한 오해와 갈등을 줄 일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
This talk was given at the FOSS4G Asia 2021 held at Kathmandu, Nepal.
Have you ever heard about Open Indoor Map project? No? Don't worry about that you don't know the OIM(Open Indoor Map) project, because OIM is quite new project and not publicly well-known. OIM project got many inspiration from Open Street Map. OIM is a project to let users upload & share their indoor related data. Users can upload their IFC, CityGML, IndoorGML, 3DS data that represent indoor space to the OIM server and OIM server service those data through web in 3D. OIM project makes use of many open source project including mago3D, Assimp, and others. I expect OIM project could expand crowd-sourced map to indoor space as well by complementing Open Street Map.
State of mago3D, An Open Source Based Digital Twin PlatformSANGHEE SHIN
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2. I. Introduction of Open Source SW
I-1. What is Open Source Software?
I-2. Open Source Software Licenses
I-3. Benefits of Open Source Software
I-4. Growth of Open Source Software
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
II-1. Comparison between Proprietary and Opens Source Software
II-2. Chasm and Barriers
II-3. How to Cross the Chasm and Barriers
II-4. Chapter Summary
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
III-1. Basic Principles
III-2. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
III-3. Benefits
IV. Conclusions
V. References
Contents
4. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-1. What is Open Source SW?
q Open source SW(OSS) is the computer SW that is available in source code form under certain licenses.
q Users of OSS are permitted to use, copy, study, change, improve and even redistribute those OSS freely.
q ‘Free’ does not mean ‘Free of Charge’ nor ‘Free Stuff’ but ‘Freedom’
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
4
FREEDOM
Of
Software
Freedom
of
Redistribute
Freedom
of
Modify
Freedom
of
Copy
Freedom
of
Use
5. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-1. What is Open Source SW?
q Open Source SW Criteria by OSI(Open Source Initiative)
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
5
1. Free Redistribution
2. Source Code
3. Derived Works
4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code
5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
7. Distribution of License
8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software
10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral
6. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-1. What is Open Source SW?
q Open Source SW vs. Freeware
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
6
• Users have the right to access & modify th
e source codes.
• In case original programmer disappeared,
users & developer group of the S/W usuall
y keep its support to the S/W.
• OSS usually has the strong users & develo
pers group that manage and maintain the
project
OSS Freeware
§ OSS is different from Freeware
§ Antonym of OSS would be ‘Closed Source S/W’ or ‘Proprietary S/W’
§ Recently OSS is also regarded as ‘Commercial S/W’
• Freeware is usually distributed in a form of
binary at ‘Free of Charge’, but does not op
en source codes itself.
• Developer of freeware could abandon dev
elopment at any time and then final versio
n will be the last version of the freeware. N
o enhancements will be made by others.
• Possibility of changing its licensing policy
7. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-2. Open Source SW Licenses
q Copyright vs. Licenses
7
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
ü Set of exclusive rights granted to the auth
or or creator of an original work, including t
he right to copy, distribute and adapt the w
ork.
ü Rights obtained just after create the work
without any registration.
ü Without any permissions, others could not
use, copy, distribute, adapt the work.
ü Permission to use the work under certain agreement.
ü A kind of contract agreement like EULA(End User License
Agreements)
ü If you buy Window7, it means you just buy a permission t
o install & use Windows7 S/W in your PC.
ü License is different from products buying.
Copyright License
Copyright Patent Trademark Trade Secret
IPR
8. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-2. Open Source SW Licenses
q Typical OSS Licenses
8
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
Free
Re-Distribut
able
Access to
Source Code
Modification
Obligation
to
Open
Derived Works
Combining
with
Proprietary
SW
GPL O O O O O X
LGPL O O O O O O
MPL O O O O O O
BSD Alike O O O O X O
Apache Alike O O O O X O
§ GPL : Application need to be licensed under the same GPL if redistributed with the GPL asset.
§ LGPL : Modified library need to be licensed under the same licenses as the originating asset.
§ BSD/Apache Alike : Much more permissive for combination with proprietary SW.
9. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-2. Open Source SW Licenses
q Open Source SW License Rate
9
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
Sourceforge.net, May, 2006.
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Black Duck Software Knowledgebase, April, 2008.
§ More than 60% of OSS licenses are GPL based license.
§ Due to hard condition of OSS licenses, OSS is perceived to be difficult to be commercialized.
è How to commercialize the open source SW?
10. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-3. Benefits of Open Source SW
10
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
q Benefits of Open Source Software purported by OSS Community
§ Save money, save resources, increase stability, access to source code, access to skilled community of dev
elopers
Develop the society by sharing technology & outcomes!!
1. Technological
Aspects
2. Economical
Aspects
3. Business
Aspects
4. Other
Aspects
Rapid development of high-
class SW
Increased stability by skilled
community review
Reduce technological gap t
o leading proprietary SW co
mpany
Internalize outside SW deve
loper resources
Very low adoption cost
Reduce SW development
cost
Easy to customize
Reuse successful story
Extend company’s product
s portfolio
Open up new market by pr
oviding diversified services
& products
Improve brand image of co
mpany
Reduce energy
Self-Satisfaction
Help society
11. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-3. Benefits of Open Source SW
11
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
q Open Source Advantages over Commercial SW
§ Open source’s price tag is clearly important driver. OSS is practically cheaper than commercial one.
§ 57% said that accessibility to source code really matters and 41% cited community code review as an imp
ortant benefit over proprietary.
80%
57%
41%
20%
18%
15%
15%
15%
10%
6%
5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Price
Source Code Access
Community Code Review
Don’t Know
Bug Fix Turnaround
Security
Code Quality
Best Product Functionality
Easier to Adopt in Organization
Other
IP Protection
è Price & opened source code are key factors!
* Source : Barracuda Networks
12. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-3. Benefits of Open Source SW
12
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
* Source : Barracuda Networks
65%
47%
44%
35%
28%
23%
17%
9%
7%
4%
3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Vendor Professional Services
Easier to Adopt in Organization
Automated Updates
Reduced IT Support
Best Product Functionality
Security
Code Quality
Don't Know
IP Protection
Other
Price
q Commercial Software Advantages over Open Source
§ 65% cited lack of professional services as a major defect point of open source software.
§ 47% and 44% said that commercial software is easier to adopt and more automated. Users believe that op
en source software is good but lacks professional services and convenience.
è Professional services & convenience are key factors!
13. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-4. Growth of Open Source SW
13
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
q Forecast of Open Source SW Growth
§ “By 2012, open-source software's impact on application software will grow to $19 billion, with a fi
ve-year compound annual growth rate of 44%.”, 2008
§ “By 2012, 80 per cent of all commercial software will include elements of open-source technolog
y”, 2008
§ “Worldwide revenue from open source software will grow at a 22.4 percent compound annual gr
owth rate to reach $8.1 billion by 2013.”, 2009
§ “Large software vendors like IBM, Sun, Dell, HP, and Oracle are making significant amounts of i
ndirect revenue from their activities with and support of OSS.”, 2009
§ “The notional value of Europe’s investment in FLOSS software today is Euro 22 billion (36 billion
in the US) representing 20.5% of total software investment (20% in the US)”, 2007
§ “FLOSS-related services could reach a 32% share of all IT services by 2010, and the FLOSS-re
lated share of the economy could reach 4% of European GDP by 2010.”, 2007
14. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
I-4. Growth of Open Source SW
14
I. Introduction of Open Source SW
<FOSS Projects Growth>
* Source : Amit Deshpande et al , 2008, “The Total Growth of Open Source”, In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Open Source
Systems (OSS 2008).
<FOSS Source Codes Growth>
q Trends of Open Source Software Growth
§ With cumulative growth of open source software, open source software has now reached a turning point or
tipping point in terms of adoption of open source software and business.
16. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)16
q SW Development Model Comparison
Closed Open
Developers to Customers Developers to Developers
<Proprietary Model> <OSS Model>
§ In-house development of SW and ‘Product’
§ Before beta-version, couldn’t review SW and product
§ Designed and developed by core programmers
§ Community based SW development and no ‘Product’
§ SW reviewed by community members at any time
§ Designed and developed by community developers
In-House
Development
Community
Development
è OSS does not care about customers real needs!
II-1. Comparison between Proprietary and OSS
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
17. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-1. Comparison between Proprietary and OSS
17
q Business Model Comparison : Proprietary Business Model
è In-house based development of SW and ‘Whole Product’
Proprietary Company
Customers
Partners
OEMs
SW Development
Engineering
Product Mgmt.
‘Go To Market’
Sales, Marketing, Support,
Services, Engineering, Pr
oduct Mgmt.
Money
Whole Product
§ Engineering has 2 roles : Development of SW and
participate in ‘Go To Market’ program.
§ Product Management ‘owns’ the product roadmap and has
the responsibility of creating product.
§ Sales, Marketing, Support, and Services departments are
focused on the customers.
§ ‘Go To Market’ program creates the ‘Whole Product’ that
mainstream customers require.
§ By collecting customers needs and feeding back those
needs to company, this model creates and deliver value to
customers
Resources
Software
* Source : James Dixon, The Beekeeper
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
18. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-1. Comparison between Proprietary and OSS
18
q Business Model Comparison : Open Source Business Model
è No ’Whole Product’ is the key barriers to adoption of OSS!
Core Developers
Administrators
Engineers
* Source : James Dixon, The Beekeepe
r
Community
Contributions
Contributions
Peer Review
Use Cases
Testing
Documentation
Translations
Features
Forum Help
Bug Fixes
Roadmap
Design
Software
‘The Project’
§ Administrators typically design
and develop ‘SW’ itself.
§ Roadmap is owned by the project
administrators.
§ Community participate in
designing, implementing and
testing the software.
§ Core developers and community
usually focus their resources on
‘Software’ development itself for
their use, fun and satisfaction.
§ No ‘Go To Market’ process.
Community usually does not care
about ‘Whole Product’.
§ No elaborate marketing
strategies.
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
19. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-2. Chasm and Barriers
q Open Source Software in the Chasm
19
§ Innovators and early adopters are very enthusiastic at open source software in spite of its risk and lacking of supp
ort, since many of innovators and early adopters are technical person.
§ However many pragmatists are still reluctant to use open source software. That’s why OSS is in chasm.
ü
Open Source Software
in the Chasm
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
20. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-2. Chasm and Barriers
q 6 Barriers to Open Source Software Adoption
20
6 Barriers
Open Source SW Success Story
1. Lack of formal support a
nd services
2. Velocity of change
3. Lack of roadmap
4. Functional Gaps
5. License Types
6. Lack of endorsements b
y independent ISVs
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
* Source : Ray Lane, 6 barriers to open source adoption
21. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-3. How to Cross the Chasm and Barriers?
21
Crossing
The
Chasm
Target
the
Point of
Attack
Assemble
an
Invasion
Force
Define
the
Battle
Launch
the
Invasion
• Action Items :
- Clear target market for ‘Whole Product’
- Focus resource on achieving leadership
- Identifying market identifiers
- Target customer
- Compelling reason to buy ‘Product’
- Customer value proposition
• Action Items :
- Create the ‘Whole Product’
- Focus on customer’s problem
- Job-to-be-done approach
- Considering complementary assets
- Partnership or In-house approach
• Action Items :
- Marketing strategy
- Distribution channel
- Pricing policy
- Sales force
• Action Items :
- Define positioning
- Focus the competition within target market
- Approach pragmatist with CVP
- Share CVP with company employee
- Demonstrate the validity of CVP
q How to Cross the Chasm?
§ Change paradigm from open source ‘
Software’ to ‘Whole Product’
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
22. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-3. How to Cross the Chasm and Barriers?
22
q How to Cross the Barriers?
6 Barriers
1. Lack of formal support a
nd services
2. Velocity of change
3. Lack of roadmap
4. Functional gaps
5. License types
6. Lack of endorsements b
y independent ISVs
Solutions
1. Provide professional support and se
rvices
2. Provide scheduled upgrade and pat
ch via subscriptions
3. Increase communication between c
ustomers & developer community
4. Critical functional gaps are narrowin
g down gradually
5. Offer hybrid licensing models or pro
vide solution instead of SW
6. Endorsement by standards
Risk
related
issues
Risk
related
issues
Feature
issues
Change
Open
Source
Software
to
‘Whole
Product’
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
23. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-4. Chapter Summary
23
q Need to Change Paradigm from Open Source ‘Software’ to ‘Whole Product’
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
Software
Integration
Software
Services
Installation
Training
VARs
Other
SW/HW
Certification
Support
<Whole Product>
<Open Source SW>
§ Open source ‘software’ itself is mainly for developers not for real
customers.
§ Customers unmet needs could not be met with ‘software’ alone.
§ To monetize open source ‘software’, ‘Whole Product’ should be
offered to customers.
è OSS model is great at producing SW, but it doesn’t
produce ‘Whole Product’ for customers!
24. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
II-4. Chapter Summary
24
q Need to Target the Clear Market
II. Current Status of Open Source Business
è To offer ‘Whole Product’ to customers, OSS compan
y need to focus on clear target market
26. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
III-1. Basic Principles
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
26
q Combining Advantages of Proprietary and Open Source Model into ‘Commercial’ Model
Advantages
of
Proprietary
1. Professional service
2. Continuous support
3. Easy to use
4. Reliability
5. Functionalities
Advantages
of
Open Source
1. Cheaper price
2. Source code access
3. Community review
4. Quicker bug fix
5. More standard based
Commercial Open Source Software
‘Whole Product’
è Commercial open source company can exist to create ‘Whole Product’ around a
n open source project (software + community) and can deliver it to a mainstrea
m market.
27. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
III-1. Basic Principles
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
27
q ‘Commercial’ Open Source Business Model as Platform Business
Customers
Partners
OEMs
Open
Source
Software
Community
Commercial Open Source
Company
‘Go To Market’
Sales, Marketing, Support,
Services, Engineering, Pr
oduct Mgmt.
+
+
+
Community can hear more functionalities & requests
Customers can gain higher quality software at a better price
The bigger community
the more resources
28. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
High quality
open source
SW
High quality
open source
‘Whole Product’
Attract
more
customers
Business
growth
&
Contribution to
community
Growth
Of
Community
III-1. Basic Principles
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
28
q Ecosystem of ‘Commercial’ Open Source Business Model
Commercial
Open Source
Business
Model
29. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
III-1. Basic Principles
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
29
q Respect Open Source Principles
" Freedom of participation
" Accepting feedback from members
" Review/criticize design & code
" Various contribution
" Let community members know what
’s going on
" Communication about schedules an
d hurdles
" Public defect tracking system
" Earliest draft version and updating it
often
" Release of source code
" Release of software design
" Release of software roadmap
" Do not treat community members a
s potential customers
" Respect autonomy & activities of co
mmunity
" Community is not the part of compa
ny
Openness Transparency
Early & Often Respect Community
30. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
III-2. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
30
q Commercial Open Source Business Model
Commercial OSS C
ompany
Customers
Partners
OEMs
SW Development
Eng. Product Mgmt.
Ecosystem Develop
‘Go To Market’
Sales, Marketing, Support,
Services, Engineering, Pr
oduct Mgmt.
Money
Whole Product
Resources
Software
* Source : James Dixon, The Beekeeper
Community
Contributions
Contributions
Peer Review
Use Cases
Testing
Documentation
Translations
Features
Forum Help
Bug Fixes
Configuration Matrix
Quotes & News
Roadmap
Design
Software
‘The Project’
§ Community : Development of SW
§ Company : Making ‘Whole Product’ and deliver it to customers
§ Customers : Buy product from the company
31. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
III-2. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
31
q Value Chain Change
‘Whole Product’
Software 1
Software 2
Software 3
Software
Current Proprietary Model
Channel
Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3
Whole Product Channel Customers
In-house In-house & partners Outside
Cost Side Money SideCost Side
32. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
III-2. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
32
q Value Chain Change
‘Whole Product’
VA Software
Software
Commercial Open Source Model
Channel
Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3
Whole Product Channel Customers
Community In-house & partners Outside
Money Side Money SideCost Side
Community
In-house
Cost Side
33. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
III-3. Benefits
III. Proposed Open Source Business Framework
33
q Benefits of Commercial Open Source Business Framework
Open Source Proprietary
Commercial
Open Source
Rate of innovation Higher Lower Higher
Visibility into product design/implementation Higher Lower Higher
Quality of software Higher Lower Higher
Reliability of support Lower Higher Higher
Reliability of roadmap Lower Higher Higher
Ownership of solution Higher Lower Higher
Availability of professional services Lower Higher Higher
Availability of references and case studies Lower Higher Higher
Ability to prototype and ‘try before you buy’ Higher Lower Higher
Cost of license or subscription Lower Higher Lower
Ability to customize software Higher Lower Higher
35. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
IV. Conclusions
IV. Conclusions
35
q Approach Customers with ‘Whole Product’ to Cross the Chasm & Barriers
Weakness of Open Source Model
• Lack of professional services
• Reliabilities
• Not to meet customers real job
• Focused on software itself
• Inconvenience
Strategy for Success
• Approach customers with ‘Whole Product’
• ‘Whole Product’ includes support, service, integ
ration, additional SW/HW
• Combining advantages of proprietary and open
source model into ‘Commercial’
• Focus on CVP rather than ‘Software’
36. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
IV. Conclusions
IV. Conclusions
36
q ‘Commercial’ Open Source Model as Robust One
Community
:Benefit from com
pany & customers
Customers
:High quality SW
& professional ser
vices
Company
:Reduce product dev
elopment cost & incre
ase its valuation
‘Commercial’ Open Source Model
§ The open source community benefits directly from the
full-time engineering staff that exist because of the fee-
paying customers.
§ The customers benefit from the increased quality of the
software, quality of design, and increased traction
enabled by the open source community. And they could
expect professional services & support from the
‘commercial’ open source company.
§ The ‘Commercial’ open source company benefits by
increasing its valuation when it meets the needs of both
customers and open source community.
Meet the unmet needs of customers by offering core value proposition with open so
urce ‘Whole Product’, that is the key success point of open source business
38. Open Source SW Business? Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)
V. References
V. References
38
— 강형구, “오픈 소스 비즈니스 모델 혁신 실증 연구 : 레드햇 사례를 중심으로”, 포항공대 기술경영대학원 석사학위 논문, 2010.
— 김진우, “오픈 소스 사회 현상에 대한 마케팅적 고찰”, 고려대학교 경영대학 석사학위 논문, 2008.
— 권순선, “오픈 소스의 비지니스 모델”, http://kldp.org/node/80381
— Dixon, J., “The Honey-Gatherer Model for Service/Support Commercial Open Source”,
http://jamesdixon.wordpress.com/the-bees-and-the-trees/servicesupport-model/
— Dixon, J., “The Maple Syrup Farm Model for Proprietary Software Companies”,
http://jamesdixon.wordpress.com/the-bees-and-the-trees/proprietary-model/
— Dixon, J., The Beekeeper I, II, http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/BEEKEEPER/The+Beekeeper
— Sanghee Shin, “Open source does matter”, KAIST Business School IT Strategy Class Presentation, 2010.
— Dan Farber, Summary of a Ray Lane’s Keynote, “Six barriers to open source adoption”, ZDNet,
http://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/Six_barriers_to_open_source_adoption.html
— Goeffrey Moore, Crossing the Chasm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossing_the_Chasm
— 신상희, “오픈 소스 라이선스의 이해”, 2009년 GIS 추계 공동학술대회, 2009.
— Interview with Barracuda Networks : http://news.cnet.com/8301-13505_3-9789246-16.html?tag=mncol;txt
— Amit Deshpande et al, “The Total Growth of Open Source”, In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Open Source Systems
(OSS 2008), 2008.
— OSI(Open Source Initiative), http://www.opensource.org
— Paul Ramsey, ”Beyond Nerds Bearing Gifts”, FOSS4G 2009 Keynote address, http://2009.foss4g.org/speakers/#Paul_Ramsey