오픈소스GIS를 활용한 서버기반 공간분석과 시각화

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Mango System inc.
이민파 (mapplus@gmail.com)
2017년 01월 12일

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공간정보분석과 시각화
오픈소스GIS와 OGC표준
- 일러두기 -
• 본 자료는 모두 Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC을 따릅니다.
오픈소스 기반 GIS R&D
사례1: 국토환경성평가지도 서비스
사례2: 통합적 역학조사 분석시스템
사례3: Web Processing Service 데모
데모 프로그램 설치
Advanced Web Processing Service

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- 일러두기 -
• 본 자료는 모두 Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC을 따릅니다.

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Desktop Server + Web
R
Python
Java
C++

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대상 레이어Text Geocoding
Visualization Processing Processing
Visualization
참조 레이어
Visualization
1
2
3
4
시각화
Map

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Symbolization
LinePoint Polygon
Simple
Graduated
Symbol
Graduated
Color
Equal
Interval
Natural
Breaks
Quantile
Standard
Deviation
Unique
Values
Classification
User
Defined
Color
Brewer
Flow Map
Point
- type
Line
- pattern
Polygon
- pattern
Label
- buffer,
shadow…
Chart
Symbol
Feature
Type
Raster

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Vector Analysis
LinePoint Polygon
Buffer
WindRose
Maps
Multiple
Ring Buffer
Hexagon
Polar Grids
CalculationMinimum
Bounding
Geometry
Circle
XY
Length
Area
Expression
…
Dissolve
Feature
Type
Fishnet
Network
Analysis
Shortest Path
Service Area
…
Ring
Maps
Grids
Envelope
Circle
Convex Hull
…Aggregation
Thiessen
Polygon
Delaunay
Trangulation

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Spatial Statistics Analysis
Autocorrelation
Clustering Distribution
LinePoint Polygon
Central
Feature
Standard
Deviational
Ellipse
Standard
Distance
Mean
Center
Median
CenterLinear
Directional
Mean
G-Statistics
Moran’s I
Spatial LQ
K-Means
Patterns - Global
G-Statistics Moran’s I
Spatio-Temporal Clustering
Nearest
Neighbor
K-function
Knox
Statistics
Spatial Scan
Statistics
Feature
Type

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Raster Analysis
LinePoint Polygon
Density DistanceInterpolationHeatMap
IDW
Spline
Kriging
…
Point
Kernel
Line
Raster
Surface
Slope
Aspect
Hillshade
Contour
…
Feature
Type
Hydro
…..
Distance
Direction
Allocation

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Vector Analysis
Point
Line
Point
Point
Point
Polygon
Point
Statistics
Overlay
Line
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Spider Map
Line
Statistics
Areal
Interpolation
Dasymetric
Mapping
Count
Sum
Mean
Min
Max
Std. Dev.
Var
…
Sum Length
Union
Intersect
Symmetrical
Difference
Identity
Erase
Clip
…
Distance
Calculation
Attribute
Distance
Feature
Type

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Raster Analysis
Line
Raster
Point
Raster
Polygon
Raster
Value
Extraction
Overlay
Zonal
Statistics
Raster
Raster
Feature
Type
Sum
Mean
Min
Max
Std. Dev.
Var
…
Calculation
Modeling

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출처: http://www.onspatial.com/2011/04/cartographyflow-map-renderer.html

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OGC 표준 기반, GIS사업 발주시 기본 요구사항

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WMS + TMS
WFS
WPS
WCS ???

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도시내부 건물
노후불량률 분석 예

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라이브러리
서비스 서버 패키지
툴박스 데스크톱 플러그인
Java + JTS + JAI + Apache + …
Eclipse RCPSpring Framework + Wicket UI
① GeoTools
Spatial Analysis Libraries
② GeoServer
WPS Extension
③ uDig Desktop
Processing Toolbox Plugin
uDig Desktop

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LibrariesServer GIS
Desktop GIS
GeoTools
OpenMap
GeoServer JTS Topology Suite
(Geometry Engine)
JUMP and …
uDig
deegree
gvSIG GeoAPI
OGC
Standards
GEOS: C
NTS: .NET
JSTS: JS
World Wind
shapely:
Python

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• Member(17), Commit(350), Fork(23)
• https://github.com/mapplus/spatial_statistics_for_geotools_udig
• 언어지원(3), 번역자(7), 문자열(1,428)
• https://www.transifex.com/mangosystem/ss-rd/dashboard
• https://sourceforge.net/projects/mango-spatialstatistics
• http://www.mangosystem.com:8080/s2toolbox_updates

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StorageStyler
Transformation
I18n Resources
Vector Operation Raster Operation
Spatial Statistics Operation
ProcessFactory & Process
Process Parameter IO
Repository
I18n Resources
Graph & Utilities
Widget & Dialog
Procesing Toolbox



④
Scripting & Modeler

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구분 대분류 중분류 현황 비고
GeoTools
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive 5
공간통계 분석기법 및 시각화
Distributions 6
Density 1
Spatial Pattern Analysis
Point Pattern Analysis 4
Global Spatial Auto-correlation 9
Local Spatial Auto-correlation 9
Spatial Clustering AMOEBA 1
Spatial Modeling Spatial Multivariate 1
Spatial Interpolation Deterministic 2
Graphic Visualization Graph & Visualization 7
Vector GeoProcessing
Spatial Weight Matrix 1
Spatial Unit Creation 9
벡터 분석 및 처리
Calculation 7
Aggregation 8
Conversion 3
Proximity 5
Overlay 6
Extract 6
Generalization 5
Feature Tools 21
Raster GeoProcessing
Conversion 5
래스터 분석 및 처리 (2017년 중점)
Density 1
Descriptive 2
Distance 1
Classification 2
Extraction 5
Zonal Statistics 1
Overlay & Math 3
Feature Transformation 28 + @ 실시간 분석 및 처리
GeoServer Proces Parameter IO
Custom XML 10 + @
OGC WPS 지원Format 3 + @
uDig
Widget
Parameters 20 + @
데스크톱 기반 위젯 및 그래프 지원
Internal Dialog 5
Tools
Custom Tools 4
Graph Tools 5

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User Application Server
Apache Tomcat
HTTP
GET/POST Request
Response
HTTP
GET/POST Request
JSON, XML
UI Client
Web Browser
• Internet Explorer 8+
• Chrome 27+
• Firefox 19+
Web Service Client
• REST or SOAP
User Interface
UI
MAP
Service Framework
SpringMVC
Database Access
MyBatis
Database Server
PostgreSQL / PostGIS
GIS Server
OBJECT, XML
Service Type
WMS - Map, Legend
WFS - Vector, Spatial Query
WPS - Analysis Processing
DataStore
JDBC
HTTP
GET/POST Request
Image
XML
GML
GeoJSON
KML
Object-Relational
Mapping (ORM)
JDBC
: 적용기술
: 세부 적용기술
: 서비스 영역
: 데이터 및 처리방향
OBJECT
BASEMAP – V-World

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차량방문정보
차량번호
방문일자
농가번호
방문목적
…
…
축산농가정보
위치(Point)
농가번호
사육두수
….
FMD 발생현황
위치(Point)
농가번호
발생일
…
월별 차량
방문정보
view
시도, 시군구,
읍면동 행정경계

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User Application Server
Apache Tomcat
HTTP
GET/POST Request
Response
HTTP
GET/POST Request
JSON, XML
UI Client
Web Browser
• Internet Explorer 8+
• Chrome 27+
• Firefox 19+
Web Service Client
• REST or SOAP
User Interface
UI
MAP
Database Server
PostgreSQL / PostGIS
GIS Server
Service Type
WMS - Map, Legend
WFS - Vector, Spatial Query
WPS - Analysis Processing
DataStore
JDBC
HTTP
GET/POST Request
Image
XML
GML
GeoJSON
KML
: 적용기술
: 세부 적용기술
: 서비스 영역
: 데이터 및 처리방향
OBJECT
BASEMAP – V-World

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Reference: JONG-KOOK PARK, 2014, Geospatial Analysis Research for Helicopter Rescue Optimal Planning System, Soongsil University
https://gis.e-education.psu.edu/sites/default/files/capstone/Miller_Geog596A_20120926.pptx

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Data
Variables
Service
Process
SlopeLandCoverSoilType
WCSWFSWFS
Raster
Conditional
RasterToVector
AOI
IntersectIntersect Dissolve
Output
Minimum Area
SelectCalculate AreaTo Singlepart
1
2
3
4 5 6 7 8
Obstructions
Buffer
WFS
Difference

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Oracle JRE 7 or OpenJDK 7
•GeoServer & Version
•Java 8 - GeoServer 2.9.x and above
•Java 7 - GeoServer 2.6.x to 2.8.x
•Java 6 - GeoServer 2.3.x to 2.5.x
•Java 5 - GeoServer 2.2.x and earlier
Apache Tomcat 7 ~ 8
GeoServer 2.8.x Web Archive
GeoServer WPS Extension
OpenGDA Analysis
Service Configuration
PostgreSQL + PostGIS(2.x)

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WPS Parameter
Data Inputs Process Outputs
ComplexData ComplexOutput
LiteralData
BoundingBoxData
LiteralOutput
BoundingBoxOutput

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1. Literal
2. BoundingBox
3. Complex Custom XML
GridCoverage
XML
Binary
Feature GML
Zip-binary
Native Type: byte, short, int, long, float, double, String….
Extent
SLD
Filter Encoding
CData
GeoJSON
WKT …

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Category Data source Format Mime type
Geometry
&
Feature
Collection
Custom
Features
WFS
Shapefile
Cad Dataset
GML2.1
GML3.1
GML3.2
GeoJSON
KML2.1
KML2.2
GeoRSS2.0 Simple
GeoRSS2.0 GML
Zip-shapefile
Wkt
Wkb
text/xml; subtype=gml/2.1.2
application/json
text/xml; subtype=kml/2.1 (vnd.google-earth.kml+xml)
text/xml; subtype=kml/2.2
text/xml; subtype=rss_simple/2.0 (rss+xml)
text/xml; subtype=rss_gml/2.0
application/zip
application/wkt(geometry)
application/wkb(geometry)
Grid
Coverage
WCS GeoTiff image/tiff, image/geotiff
SLD User XML
text/xml; subtype=sld/1.0.0
text/xml; subtype=sld/1.1.0
Filter User XML text/xml; subtype=filter/1.1
XML User XML text/xml
Literal User - -

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" ……………………………………..>
<ows:Identifier>statistics:KernelDensity</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>inputFeatures</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Reference mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1" xlink:href="http://wps_server/wfs" method="POST">
<wps:Body>
<wfs:GetFeature service="WFS" version="1.1.0" outputFormat="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1">
<wfs:Query typeName=“cite:stations" srsName="EPSG:5181">
<ogc:Filter>
<ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
<ogc:PropertyName>sgg_cd</ogc:PropertyName>
<ogc:Literal>27110</ogc:Literal>
</ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
</ogc:Filter>
</wfs:Query>
</wfs:GetFeature>
</wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>searchRadius</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<wps:LiteralData>2500</wps:LiteralData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
…………………………..
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseDocument storeExecuteResponse="false">
<wps:Output mimeType="image/tiff" asReference="true">
<ows:Identifier>result</ows:Identifier>
</wps:Output>
</wps:ResponseDocument>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType=“application/json">
</wps:RawDataOutput>
</wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml; subtype=kml/2.2">
</wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.2.1">
</wps:ResponseForm>
Custom Type

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<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0" xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"
xmlns:wps="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1"
xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xmlns:wcs="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0/wpsAll.xsd">
<ows:Identifier>geo:centroid</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>geom</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<wps:ComplexData mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1">
<gml:LineString srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326">
<gml:posList>-290.0 60.0 -240.0 150.0 20.0 130.0 100.0 90.0 180.0 60.0 260.0 -70.0</gml:posList>
</gml:LineString>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>

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<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" .. xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs" >
<ows:Identifier>statistics:BufferFeatures</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Reference mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1" xlink:href="http://geoserver/wfs" method="POST">
<wps:Body>
<wfs:GetFeature service="WFS" version="1.1.0" outputFormat="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1">
<wfs:Query typeName=“cite:subway" srsName="EPSG:5181" />
</wfs:GetFeature>
</wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>distance</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
ex) wfs, wcs, gml, filter, sld … complex type

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<ows:Identifier>statistics:BufferFeatures</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Reference mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1"
xlink:href="http://server/temp/api_data/areaFeatures.xml" method="GET" />
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>distance</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
ex) wps process result(asReference=true), external resource(dxf…)..

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<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" ...>
<ows:Identifier>ras:contour</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>data</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Reference mimeType="image/tiff" xlink:href="http://geoserver/wcs" method="POST">
<wps:Body><![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<GetCoverage version="1.1.1" service="WCS" xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" ...>
<ows:Identifier>cite:dem</ows:Identifier>
<DomainSubset>
<ows:BoundingBox crs="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::2096">
<ows:LowerCorner>249126.90643187007 366434.5230430386</ows:LowerCorner>
<ows:UpperCorner>260621.90643187007 377144.5230430386</ows:UpperCorner>
</ows:BoundingBox>
</DomainSubset>
<Output store="true" format="image/geotiff">
<GridCRS>
<GridBaseCRS>urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::2096</GridBaseCRS>
<GridType>urn:ogc:def:method:WCS:1.1:2dSimpleGrid</GridType>
<GridOffsets>5.0 -5.0</GridOffsets>
<GridCS>urn:ogc:def:cs:OGC:0.0:Grid2dSquareCS</GridCS>
</GridCRS>
</Output>
</GetCoverage>]]></wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>

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<wps:Input>
<wps:Reference mimeType="text/xml" xlink:href="http://geoserver/wfs" method="POST">
<wps:Body>
<wfs:GetFeature service="WFS" version="1.1.0" outputFormat="GML3" xmlns:foss="http://www.opengeospatial.net/foss">
<wfs:Query typeName="foss:sgg">
<wfs:PropertyName>gid</wfs:PropertyName>
<wfs:PropertyName>geom</wfs:PropertyName>
<wfs:PropertyName>pop_den</wfs:PropertyName>
<ogc:Filter>
<ogc:BBOX>
<ogc:PropertyName>geom</ogc:PropertyName>
<gml:Envelope srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#3857">
<gml:lowerCorner>14147434 4509613</gml:lowerCorner>
<gml:upperCorner>14148345 4524017</gml:upperCorner>
</gml:Envelope>
</ogc:BBOX>
</ogc:Filter>
</wfs:Query>
</wfs:GetFeature>
</wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<GetCoverage version="1.1.1" service="WCS" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1 http://schemas.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1/wcsAll.xsd">
<ows:Identifier>foss:seoul_dem30</ows:Identifier>
<DomainSubset>
<ows:BoundingBox crs="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::5181">
<ows:LowerCorner>179171.39881047895 436569.3290600816</ows:LowerCorner>
<ows:UpperCorner>216221.0981287582 466869.08315843146</ows:UpperCorner>
</ows:BoundingBox>
</DomainSubset>
<Output store=“false" format="image/tiff">
<GridCRS>
<GridBaseCRS>urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3857</GridBaseCRS>
<GridType>urn:ogc:def:method:WCS:1.1:2dSimpleGrid</GridType>
<GridOffsets>50.0 -50.0</GridOffsets>
<GridCS>urn:ogc:def:cs:OGC:0.0:Grid2dSquareCS</GridCS>
</GridCRS>
</Output>
</GetCoverage>

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1. RawDataOutput
2. ResponseDocument
Document + Result URL
Status & ID
asReference
storeExecute
Response
Document + RawData
GML, GeoJSON, GridCovearge… as raw data

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<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS"
……………………
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml">
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
<NearestNeighborIndex>
<TypeName>apartment</TypeName>
<Observed_Point_Count>4052</Observed_Point_Count>
<Study_Area>1.047557075141607E9</Study_Area>
<Observed_Mean_Distance>200.00446</Observed_Mean_Distance>
<Expected_Mean_Distance>254.22844</Expected_Mean_Distance>
<Nearest_Neighbor_Ratio>0.786712</Nearest_Neighbor_Ratio>
<Z_Score>-25.973484</Z_Score>
<P_Value>0.0</P_Value>
<Standard_Error>2.087667</Standard_Error>
</NearestNeighborIndex>
Literal, BoundingBox, Complex(Custom
XML 등) 등 요청 후 클라이언트에서
직접 사용하는 경우

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<ows:Identifier>statistics:FeatureToPoint</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Body>
<wfs:GetFeature service="WFS" version="1.0.0" outputFormat="GML2"
xmlns:foss="http://www.opengeospatial.net/foss">
<wfs:Query typeName="foss:randomsgg"/>
</wfs:GetFeature>
</wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="application/json">
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>

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............
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Output>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
<wps:ExecuteResponse service="WPS" version="1.0.0" ……….>
………
<wps:ProcessOutputs>
<wps:Output>
<wps:Reference href="http://server/temp/gridcoverage/result_230_2123fds.tif" mimeType="image/tiff" />
</wps:Output>
</wps:ProcessOutputs>
</wps:ExecuteResponse>
 asReference=true
 한번 요청 후 클라이언트에서 재사용
 Tiff와 같이 클라이언트에서 처리하기
어려운 포맷인 경우 서버에서 처리
 대용량의 데이터인 경우

www.mangosystem.com
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0" xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs" xmlns:wps="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0"
xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
<ows:Identifier>statistics:WindRoseMap</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Body>
<wfs:GetFeature service="WFS" version="1.0.0" outputFormat="GML2" xmlns:foss="http://www.opengeospatial.net/foss">
<wfs:Query typeName="foss:apartment"/>
</wfs:GetFeature>
</wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:Output asReference="true" mimeType="application/json">
<ows:Identifier>anchor</ows:Identifier>
</wps:Output>
<wps:Output asReference="true" mimeType="application/json">
<ows:Identifier>windRose</ows:Identifier>
</wps:Output>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
Output이 여러 개인 경우

www.mangosystem.com
............
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseDocument storeExecuteResponse=“true">
</wps:Output>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
<wps:ExecuteResponse xml:lang="en" service="WPS" serviceInstance="http://localhost:8090/geoserver/ows?"
statusLocation="http://localhost:8090/geoserver/ows?service=WPS&version=1.0.0&request=GetExecutionSta
tus&executionId=142e4b6c-44e1-4aba-b8a2-6da8f0793198" version="1.0.0" ……..>
<wps:Process wps:processVersion="1.0.0">
<ows:Identifier>statistics:KernelDensity</ows:Identifier>
………..
</wps:Process>
<wps:Status creationTime="2016-01-08T05:41:45.198Z">
<wps:ProcessAccepted>Process accepted.</wps:ProcessAccepted>
</wps:Status>
</wps:ExecuteResponse>
http://server/ows?service=WPS&version=1.0.0&request=GetExecutionResult&executionId=142e4b6c-44e1-4aba-b8a2-
6da8f0793198&outputId=result.tiff&mimetype=image%2Ftiff
storeExecuteResponse=true

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오픈소스GIS를 활용한 서버기반 공간분석과 시각화