Open Lecture at the Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania. 13th February 2020. Introduction to Open Science through educational resources, sources, methodologies, data, access and peer-reviews.

1. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Science in Sport Sciences
Kwok Ng
University of Eastern Finland, Finland
University of Limerick, Ireland
European Federation of Adapted Physical Activity

2. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Contents
•Description of Open science;
– -educational resources
– -source
– -methodology
– -data
– -access
– -peer-review, and
•Application of the Open Science Framework.
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3. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Science
https://theconversation.com/universities-spend-
millions-on-accessing-results-of-publicly-
funded-research-88392
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4. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Educational Resources (OER)
•OER – any type of educational materials in public domain with an open license
that can be legally and freely used, copied, adapted and redistributed
(UNESCO, 2012)
•Open Education Practices (OEP) are advocates and deliverers of
– Production, Management, Use, Reuse of open educational resources
– Development and Application of Pedagogies in teaching practice
– Open learning opportunities
– Practices of open scholarship (Open Science areas)
– Practices of open sharing of teaching and use of open technologies
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5. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Education types
• Students should be able to learn when they want, how they want, without financial
restrictions.
• Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
– Downes & Siemens (2008)
– First MOOC from Stanford University in 2011
• cMOOC
– Connectivist – rely on social learning and interaction
• xMOOC
– Content based – fixed learning
• Small Private Online Courses (SPOC)
– Mostly hosted by institutions (students need log in permissions)
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6. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Evolution of Open Learning Theories
Face 2 Face Digital
Behavior-
ism
Construct-
ivism
Cognitive
Dialogic
Digital
Literacy
Connectivism
Individual
Place new
knowledge in
relation to other
knowledge
Multiple
perspective
requiring dialogue
with others and use
of technology
Ability to use
Digital Tools for
everyday use
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7. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Types of Creative Commons Licenses
License Name Use Attribution
CCO Creative Commons O allow to use your content without
restrictions
No
CC BY Creative Commons Attribution Only allow to use your content without
restrictions
YES
CC BY –
SA
Creative Commons Attribution Share
Alike
allow to use your content without
restrictions
Yes
CC BY –
ND
Creative Commons Attribution No
Derivatives
allow to redistribute your content both for
free and for profit if it stays unchanged
and in whole
Yes
CC BY –
NC
Creative Commons Attribution Non-
Commercial
allow to use your work to remix, tweak
and build upon but for no commercial
profit
Yes
CC BY –
NC – SA
Creative Commons Attribution Non-
Commercial Share Alike
use your work to remix, tweak and build
upon for nor commercial profit.
Yes
CC BY –
NC - ND
Creative Commons Attribution Non-
Commercial No-Derivatives
you allow others only to download and
share your work.
Yes
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
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8. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Source
•Use of open source software for data
analysis like ‘R-software’ would make it
more accessible
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9. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Methods
•Registering reports can open up research methods to be replicated by others
•Reduction of Type I errors
– Saying there is something, when there is not
•Predefined Hypothesis
– Use of Pre-registration such as ‘Aspredicted.org’
•Study protocols
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10. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Data
•Sharing data after publication will make science more reproducible
•National and International repositories have enabled the facilitation of data
storage
– Meta data to be made available when storing.
– Add comments to code
•Make data available if it can be done legally
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11. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Publication Bias
•Null-results are difficult to interpret
•Grey Triangle of represent Null
effects.
•Hagger et al, 2010’s meta analysis
presents majority of studies
reporting positive effects
Taken from Laken Coursera course
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12. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Access
•Platinum Open Access
– No Article Processing Charges (APC)
– Access without restriction
– CC license
•Gold Open Access
– Author pays the APC
– Access without restrictions
– CC license
•Green Open Access
– No APC
– Access restricted to the institutional libraries without fee
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13. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Where to find publishing policies?
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14. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Be careful of predatory journals
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15. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
How to find out if it is Predatory or not? What is Beall’s
list?
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https://web.archive.org/web/20
170112125427/https://scholarly
oa.com/publishers/
https://www2.cabells.com
https://theconversation.com/who-will-keep-predatory-science-journals-at-bay-now-that-jeffrey-bealls-blog-
is-gone-71613

16. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Open Peer-review
•Journal ensure scientific quality when they are reviewed by peer experts.
•Double blind – authors and reviewers do not know each other
•Single blind – authors do not know the reviewers
•Open review – authors and reviewers know each other during the review
process.
•Transparency in the process whereby potential conflicts of interest are publicly
available.
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Publons – ResearchGate for reviewers
Includes ResearcherID
Includes reviewer academy
Repository of all reviews

17. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Data services
https://www.openaire.eu/open-science-europe-overview
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18. UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Example: Open Science Framework
•Go to OSF.io
•Sign up or sign in
•Search for ‘Fight club’ – https://osf.io/kdy9r/
•Browse through folders
– Review ‘AsPredicted’ folder
– See MetaData docx
– Download data
– Run own analysis
– Compare results with ResearchReport
•Create your own project – Open Science
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