The document discusses object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts including encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, and classes. It explains that OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects which contain both data and code. Classes define the data and behavior of objects, and can be reused, extended, and abstracted to simplify programming and code maintenance. Inheritance allows new classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from existing classes. Polymorphism enables the same function to operate in different ways depending on the object it is acting upon.

1. Object Oriented
Programming
Mohamed Essam

2. - Coding Paradigm
https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/an-introduction-to-programming-paradigms/

3. - Procedural Programming
- Focus on processes or actions that a program takes
- Programs are typically a collection of functions
- Data is declared separately
- Data is passed as arguments into functions
As Programs get larger they become more:
 Difficult to understand
 Difficult to maintain
 Difficult to extend
 Difficult to debug
 Difficult to code

4. Object Oriented
Programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on
the concept of "objects", which can contain data and code: data in the form of
fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code, in the form of
procedures (often known as methods).
- Encapsulation
- Objects contain data and operations that work on that data
- Abstract Data Type ( ADT)

5. 09:Object Oriented Programming

6. Object Oriented Programming
“Abstraction mean Simplify The Reality”

7. 09:Object Oriented Programming
“Just all we need about the person”

8. 09:Object Oriented Programming
“Just all we need about the person”

9. Object Oriented
Programming
- Information - Hiding
- Encapsulation
- Implementation - specific logic be hidden
- User of class code to be interface since they don’t need to know the
implementation
- More abstraction
- Easier to test, debug, maintain and extend

10. Object Oriented
Programming
- Reusability
- Easier to reuse classes in order application
- Faster development
- Higher quality

11. 09:Object Oriented Programming provide
code reuse
 Code reuse is the practice of using existing code for a new function or
software.
 This saves time, improves the features in your program, and generally makes
for more cost-effective programming. Reusability is an important issue in
software engineering.

12. Object Oriented
Programming
- Inheritance
- Can create new classes in term of existing classes
- Reusability
- Polymorphic classes

13. Object Oriented Programming- provide
Inheritance

14. 09:Object Oriented Programming
Name
Attributes
Actions

15. 09:Object Oriented Programming
A class is an extensible program-code-template for creating objects,
although a very tiny application might need just a single class. The
class must go within a pair of curly braces.

16. Class design like Blueprint
architecture

17. Class design

18. Class design

19. Class design

20. Class design

21. The interface of the
class(Abstraction)
All you need to know to know how to use

22. The interface of the
class(Abstraction)
All you need to know to know how to use

23. 09:Object Oriented Programming

24. 09:Object Oriented Programming provide
code reuse
 Code reuse is the practice of using existing code for a new function or
software.
 This saves time, improves the features in your program, and generally makes
for more cost-effective programming. Reusability is an important issue in
software engineering.

25. Create Class using unified
modeling language UML

26. Accessing Class
 We can access
- Class attributes
- Class methods
 Some class members will not be accessible (more on that later)
 We need an object to access instance variables

27. Class Access Modifier
- public , private and protected
- public
- Accessible everywhere
- private
- Accessible only by members or friends of the class
- protected
- Used with inheritance - we’ll talk about it in the next section

28. Class Access Modifier
- public , private and protected
- public
- Accessible everywhere
- private
- Accessible only by members or friends of the class
- protected
- Used with inheritance - we’ll talk about it in the next section

29. Class Access Modifier
- public , private and protected
- public
- Accessible everywhere
- private
- Accessible only by members or friends of the class
- protected
- Used with inheritance - we’ll talk about it in the next section

30. Class Access Modifier
- public , private and protected
- public
- Accessible everywhere
- private
- Accessible only by members or friends of the class
- protected
- Used with inheritance - we’ll talk about it in the next section

31. Class Access Modifier
- public , private and protected
- public
- Accessible everywhere
- private
- Accessible only by members or friends of the class
- protected
- Used with inheritance - we’ll talk about it in the next section

32. Class Access Modifier
- public , private and protected
- public
- Accessible everywhere
- private
- Accessible only by members or friends of the class
- protected
- Used with inheritance - we’ll talk about it in the next section

33. Class Access Modifier
- public , private and protected
- public
- Accessible everywhere
- private
- Accessible only by members or friends of the class
- protected
- Used with inheritance - we’ll talk about it in the next section

34. What are setters and getters?
Getters and setters are used to protect your data, particularly when creating
classes. For each instance variable, a getter method returns its value while a setter
method sets or updates its value. Given this, getters and setters are also known as
accessors and mutators, respectively.

35. What are setters and getters?
Getters and setters are used to protect your data, particularly when creating
classes. For each instance variable, a getter method returns its value while a setter
method sets or updates its value. Given this, getters and setters are also known as
accessors and mutators, respectively.

36. What is a abstract?
By definition, an abstract class in C++ is a class that has at
least one pure virtual function (i.e., a function that has no
definition).

37. What is a C++ abstract class?
By definition, an abstract class in C++ is a class that has at
least one pure virtual function (i.e., a function that has no
definition).

38. What is a C++ abstract class?
Abstract classes are essential to providing an abstraction to
the code to make it reusable and extendable.
For example, a Vehicle parent class
with Truck and Motorbike inheriting from it is an
abstraction that easily allows more vehicles to be added.
However, even though all vehicles have wheels, not all
vehicles have the same number of wheels – this is where
a pure virtual function is needed.

39. What is a C++ abstract class?

40. What is a C++ abstract class?

41. Inhertance

42. What is Polymorphism in C++?
Polymorphism in C++ means, the same
entity (function or object) behaves
differently in different scenarios

43. What is Polymorphism in C++?
2. Runtime Polymorphism
In a Runtime polymorphism, functions are called at the time the program
execution. Hence, it is known as late binding or dynamic binding.
Function overriding
In function overriding, we give the new definition to base class
function in the derived class. At that time, we can say the base
function has been overridden. It can be only possible in the ‘derived
class’. In function overriding, we have two definitions of the same
function, one in the superclass and one in the derived class. The
decision about which function definition requires calling happens
at runtime. That is the reason we call it ‘Runtime polymorphism’.

44. What is Polymorphism in C++?
1. Compile Time Polymorphism
In compile-time polymorphism, a function is called at the time of program
compilation. We call this type of polymorphism as early binding or
Static binding.
Function overloading and operator overloading is the type of Compile
time polymorphism.
 Function Overloading
Function overloading means one function can perform many tasks. In
C++, a single function is used to perform many tasks with the same
name and different types of arguments. In the function overloading
function will call at the time of program compilation. It is an example
of compile-time polymorphism.

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