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Oncogenic virus
- 1. ONCOGENIC VIRUS NEHA SINHA MScpart 2 Roll no. 05
- 2. An oncovirus isa virus that causes cancer This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950-60s often called as Oncornaviruses to denote their RNA origin Now refers to any viruses with a DNA or RNA genome causing cancer & is synonymous with “ tumor viruses” or “ cancer viruses ” Worldwide , the WHO International Agency for research on cancer estimated that in 2002 , 17.8% of human cancer were caused by infection , with 11.9% caused by one of the seven different viruses introduction
- 3. What is Cancer? •Cancer results from alterations in critical regulatory genes that control cell proliferation , differentiation and survival • Studies of tumor viruses revealed that specific genes (called oncogenes) are capable of inducing cell transformation thereby providing the first insights into the molecular basis of cancer
- 4. classification Oncovirus DNA ONCOGENIC VIRUSRNA ONCOGENIC VIRUS VIRUS EXAMPLE HHV – HUMAN HARPIS VIRUS EPISTON BAR VIRUS HHV8 – HUMAN HARPIS VIRUS 8 KARPOSI SARCOMA VIRUS HBV – HEPATITIS B VIRUS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED VIRUS HPV – HUMAN PAPILOMAVIRUS WART MCV – MARKELS CELL VIRUS NEURO ENDOCRINE CARCINOMA VIRUS EXAMPLE HTLV-1 – HUMAN T- LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS LEUKEMIA HCV – HEPATITIS C VIRUS LYMPHOMA
- 5. Epstein – Barrvirus ( EBV or HHV- 4 ) is associated with 4 types of cancer Kaposi’s Sarcoma associated herpervirus ( KSHV or HHV 8 ) is associated with a type of skin cancer Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection accounts the most common type of liver cancer Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ) causes cancer in the reproductive organs Markel Cell Polymavirus – a polyoma virus – is associated with the development of Markel cell carcinoma DNA ONCOGENIC VIRUS
- 6. Epstein – Barrvirus Kaposi’s Sarcoma skin cancer Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection Human Papillomavirus Markel Cell Polymavirus
- 7. RNA ONCOGENIC VIRUS •Not all oncoviruses are DNA viruses • Some RNA viruses have also been associated such as Hepatitis C viruses as well as certain retroviruses , e.g., Human T – Lymphotropic virus ( HTLV – 1 ) and Human Immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) • It is thought that about 1–5% of infected persons develop cancer as a result of the infection with HTLV-I over their lifetimes • Hepatitis C viruses cause serious Liver cancer
- 8. HOW ONCOGENIC VIRUSCAUSE CANCER
- 9. 1 Avoid Sharing careitems like toothbrushes or razors 2 HCV TEST TO BE DONE DURING PREGNANCY TO AVOID CHILD GETTING AFFECTED WITH VIRUS 3 Avoid use of used or shared needles, syringes or lancets 4 The HBV vaccine is recommended for all infants, children, and adolescents Prevention from Oncogenic Virus
- 10. Globally , almost20% of cancers are related to infection agents Several viruses with oncogenic potential stimulates cell proliferation & cause tumors & cancer in animals & humans They act with different mechanisms depending on different factors The oncogenic DNA & RNA viruses that are carrying oncogenes encode transforming proteins to stimulate tumor formation CONCLUSION
- 11. REFERENCE • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336458/#:~:text=T he%20seven%20known%20human%20oncogenic,Merkel%20cell%20 polyomavirus%20(MCPyV)%20( •WWW.GOOGLE.COM • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/sv40 • https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Micro biology_(Boundless)/9%3A_Viruses/9._12%3A_Viruses_and_Cancer/ 9.12B%3A_DNA_Oncogenic_Viruses