This study examined genetic variability, interrelationships between agronomic traits, and path coefficient analysis in pearl millet. 18 pearl millet genotypes from local and exotic sources were evaluated in Sudan over two growing seasons. Data was collected on 17 agronomic traits including plant height, days to flowering/maturity, panicle characteristics, and grain yield. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for most traits. Genetic variability was high and correlation analysis identified traits influencing yield. Path analysis found days to flowering and productive tillers had the greatest direct effects on grain yield.
seeds potentialities of medicks in sub humid area to be used in steppe zoneIJEAB
New pulse crops varieties more productive as medics should be made available to breeders located in semi-arid region of Algeria. So, and through two years of testing, pods yield and seeds production of twenty populations belonging to species M.intertexta , M.ciliaris, M.polymorpha , M.Truncatula and an introduced population M.muricoleptis is an Australian cultivar (Jemalong) are appreciated.Pods’ yields of year 2013 vary between 78,66g/m² with poly27 and 3637,33g/m² with I107. Values of the second essay (2015) are different, they vary between 40,89g /m² with Poly236 and 464,36 g/m² with I11.The cultivar Jemalong offers a yield of 172,4 g/m². The corresponding seed yields also show a low production in year 2015. The ratio leaf / stem varies between 1,03 and 5. The average of yields in dry matter of 27 populations in 2013 was of 457,79g/m2 against 127,41 g/m² in 18 populations in 2015. Jemalong cultivar records a yield of 12,8g/m². For the same dose of seed, number of plants by square meter varies between 44 and 112. Number of stems by square meter varies between 136 in C204 and 420 in I52..The average width of population’s ramifications varies between 13cm in Tr334 and 44 cm in I52, The Jemalong cultivar offers an average of 17cm. So, production results of medicks depend of weather conditions in littoral zone of lower altitude than 600-700m. In steppe zones, we recommend to make tests in situ with these same populations.
Snap bean is a warm-season crop harvested for its immature seed pods. In Ethiopia its production increased from time to time for both export and local markets. A field experiment was conducted at the research field of JUCAVM, during 2017 cropping season using irrigation aiming to improve the quality of snap bean. Five levels of N (0, 41, 82, 123, and 164 kg ha−1) and four levels of P (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg ha−1) were laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replications. N was applied in two equal splits (50% at planting and 50% during flowering) as Urea and the entire dose of P was applied basal as triple super phosphate at sowing. In this experiment pod length, pod diameter, pod protein concentration, pod straightness and marketable pod yield were measured as quality parameters. The results revealed that the main effects of N and P fertilizer rates showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for all quality parameters except for percentage of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Accordingly, the interaction effects of N and P were significant for percent of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Considering the major quality parameters and marketable pod yield applying 82 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P2O5 ha−1 gave better result to increase the quality of snap bean in Jimma area. However, repeating the experiment for more seasons and similar location would help us draw sound conclusion and recommendations.
Evaluating the performance of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) ...Innspub Net
Field trials were conducted in the 2014 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University, Kano (11°58’N and 8°25’E) and Agricultural Research Station Farm, Minjibir (12°11’N and 8°32’E). The objective of the study wasto evaluate the performance of improved sweetpotato lines with a view to identify those that may be adaptable with high yielding potential in the study area.The treatments consisted of 16 sweetpotato advanced lines: Centennial, AYT/08/055, TIS8164, TIS87/0087, NRSP12/097, UMUSPO/2, UMOSPO/1, SOLOMON-1, EA/11/022, EA/11/025, EA/11/003, UM/11/015, NRSP/12/095, UM/11/001, UM/11/022, and a local check
(Kantayiidda). These were laid out in a Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Significant differences were observed in number of roots per plant, number of marketable roots, number of pencil roots, flesh colour, root shape and root yield. Kantayiidda produced significantly (p<0.05) higher root yield (10315kg/Ha) than all other lines. Solomon-1, Umuspo/1, EA/11/022, UM/11/001 and TIS87/0087 were found to be promising among the advanced lines evaluated; thus could relatively compete with Kantayiidda local for adaptation and high root yield in the study area. Get full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PGS
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Dr. Alhosein Hamada, Associate Professor (Email: a.hamada@aun.edu.eg)
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University
This lecuter was presented in Plant Genetics Seminars. The content of this lecture was publised in Plant and Soil 2012
Agronomic, Yield and Quality Performance Evaluation of Improved Vetch Varieti...Premier Publishers
The experiment was carried out to introduce and evaluate the adaptability of specific vetch genotypes based on yield, yield components and nutritional quality in Guji Zone, Ethiopia. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks, each containing 7 plots of vetch accessions namely; Vicia villosa IRLI, Vicia atropurporea, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD 61509, Vicia sativa ICARD 61744, Vicia dasycarpa lana and Vicia dasycarpa namoi in 2010 summer season and 4 plots of Vetch varieties/accessions (Vicia narbonensis, Lelisa, Abdeta and Gebisa) in 2011 summer season with each plot measuring 3m x 4m was used. The analysis of yield and yield components and quality shows that Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 and Vicia sativa ICARD 61509 was significantly higher in seed yield and Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 was significantly less in Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) content. Vicia sativa ICARD 61509 was significantly higher in Dry Matter Yield (DMy) and it is similar with other accessions except Vicia dasycarpa namoi. Vicia villosa Holeta was significantly higher in green forage yield and highest in Organic matter (OM), Crude Protein (CP) and In vitro Organic matter digestibility (DOMD). Abdeta was significantly higher in seed per pod, seed yield and Harvesting Index (HI) and highest in OM. Lelisa was significantly higher in green forage yield and late in date of maturity at (P<0.05). Therefore, based on the performance of most parameters, Vetch accessions/varieties, Vicia atropurpureum, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD61509 and Vicia sativa ICARD61744, in 2010 and Gebisa and Lelisa, in 2011 were best performing.
Genetic and Morphological Diversity Analysis of Ethiopian Mustard (Brasica ca...Premier Publishers
Growing of Ethiopian mustard, as an oilseed and leaf vegetable require genetic improvement which relies on its genetic diversity. The experiment was executed to analyse genetic and morphological diversity of Ethiopian mustard land races at Holetta agricultural research center. Forty-nine genotypes collected from different agro ecologies were analyzed using morphological traits in order to assess the genetic and morphological diversity that exists in these materials. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared except seed yield per plant, fresh leaf biomass per plant topped at 40, 50 and 60 days of growth and number of intact leaves at flowering. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions that is important for selection and breeding. For yield component traits, high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations was observed in seed yield per plot and oil yield. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype, may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight(68.80%), followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid (62.58%), days to maturity(60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic (58.19%), linoleic (57.46%),leaf area (52..09%), oil content (50.33%), leaf width (48.29%),leaf length(46.28%), oil yield(44.84%), fresh leaf biomass at 50 days of topping(43.40%), seed yield per plot(42.99%), number of leaves at vegetative state(40.48%), seed yield of 50 days growth stage topped plants(38.85%) and primary branches (34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to high genotypic variance. Hence, a good progress can be made if some of these traits are considered as selection criteria for the improvement of yield, yield component and vegetative traits. The present study revealed the presence of considerable variability among genotypes for all traits compared except seed yield per plant, fresh leaf biomass per plant topped at 40,50 and 60 days of growth and number of intact leaves at flowering. These conditions indicate that there is good opportunity to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
seeds potentialities of medicks in sub humid area to be used in steppe zoneIJEAB
New pulse crops varieties more productive as medics should be made available to breeders located in semi-arid region of Algeria. So, and through two years of testing, pods yield and seeds production of twenty populations belonging to species M.intertexta , M.ciliaris, M.polymorpha , M.Truncatula and an introduced population M.muricoleptis is an Australian cultivar (Jemalong) are appreciated.Pods’ yields of year 2013 vary between 78,66g/m² with poly27 and 3637,33g/m² with I107. Values of the second essay (2015) are different, they vary between 40,89g /m² with Poly236 and 464,36 g/m² with I11.The cultivar Jemalong offers a yield of 172,4 g/m². The corresponding seed yields also show a low production in year 2015. The ratio leaf / stem varies between 1,03 and 5. The average of yields in dry matter of 27 populations in 2013 was of 457,79g/m2 against 127,41 g/m² in 18 populations in 2015. Jemalong cultivar records a yield of 12,8g/m². For the same dose of seed, number of plants by square meter varies between 44 and 112. Number of stems by square meter varies between 136 in C204 and 420 in I52..The average width of population’s ramifications varies between 13cm in Tr334 and 44 cm in I52, The Jemalong cultivar offers an average of 17cm. So, production results of medicks depend of weather conditions in littoral zone of lower altitude than 600-700m. In steppe zones, we recommend to make tests in situ with these same populations.
Snap bean is a warm-season crop harvested for its immature seed pods. In Ethiopia its production increased from time to time for both export and local markets. A field experiment was conducted at the research field of JUCAVM, during 2017 cropping season using irrigation aiming to improve the quality of snap bean. Five levels of N (0, 41, 82, 123, and 164 kg ha−1) and four levels of P (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg ha−1) were laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replications. N was applied in two equal splits (50% at planting and 50% during flowering) as Urea and the entire dose of P was applied basal as triple super phosphate at sowing. In this experiment pod length, pod diameter, pod protein concentration, pod straightness and marketable pod yield were measured as quality parameters. The results revealed that the main effects of N and P fertilizer rates showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for all quality parameters except for percentage of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Accordingly, the interaction effects of N and P were significant for percent of pod protein concentration and straightness of pod. Considering the major quality parameters and marketable pod yield applying 82 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P2O5 ha−1 gave better result to increase the quality of snap bean in Jimma area. However, repeating the experiment for more seasons and similar location would help us draw sound conclusion and recommendations.
Evaluating the performance of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) ...Innspub Net
Field trials were conducted in the 2014 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University, Kano (11°58’N and 8°25’E) and Agricultural Research Station Farm, Minjibir (12°11’N and 8°32’E). The objective of the study wasto evaluate the performance of improved sweetpotato lines with a view to identify those that may be adaptable with high yielding potential in the study area.The treatments consisted of 16 sweetpotato advanced lines: Centennial, AYT/08/055, TIS8164, TIS87/0087, NRSP12/097, UMUSPO/2, UMOSPO/1, SOLOMON-1, EA/11/022, EA/11/025, EA/11/003, UM/11/015, NRSP/12/095, UM/11/001, UM/11/022, and a local check
(Kantayiidda). These were laid out in a Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Significant differences were observed in number of roots per plant, number of marketable roots, number of pencil roots, flesh colour, root shape and root yield. Kantayiidda produced significantly (p<0.05) higher root yield (10315kg/Ha) than all other lines. Solomon-1, Umuspo/1, EA/11/022, UM/11/001 and TIS87/0087 were found to be promising among the advanced lines evaluated; thus could relatively compete with Kantayiidda local for adaptation and high root yield in the study area. Get full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PGS
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Dr. Alhosein Hamada, Associate Professor (Email: a.hamada@aun.edu.eg)
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University
This lecuter was presented in Plant Genetics Seminars. The content of this lecture was publised in Plant and Soil 2012
Agronomic, Yield and Quality Performance Evaluation of Improved Vetch Varieti...Premier Publishers
The experiment was carried out to introduce and evaluate the adaptability of specific vetch genotypes based on yield, yield components and nutritional quality in Guji Zone, Ethiopia. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks, each containing 7 plots of vetch accessions namely; Vicia villosa IRLI, Vicia atropurporea, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD 61509, Vicia sativa ICARD 61744, Vicia dasycarpa lana and Vicia dasycarpa namoi in 2010 summer season and 4 plots of Vetch varieties/accessions (Vicia narbonensis, Lelisa, Abdeta and Gebisa) in 2011 summer season with each plot measuring 3m x 4m was used. The analysis of yield and yield components and quality shows that Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 and Vicia sativa ICARD 61509 was significantly higher in seed yield and Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 was significantly less in Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) content. Vicia sativa ICARD 61509 was significantly higher in Dry Matter Yield (DMy) and it is similar with other accessions except Vicia dasycarpa namoi. Vicia villosa Holeta was significantly higher in green forage yield and highest in Organic matter (OM), Crude Protein (CP) and In vitro Organic matter digestibility (DOMD). Abdeta was significantly higher in seed per pod, seed yield and Harvesting Index (HI) and highest in OM. Lelisa was significantly higher in green forage yield and late in date of maturity at (P<0.05). Therefore, based on the performance of most parameters, Vetch accessions/varieties, Vicia atropurpureum, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD61509 and Vicia sativa ICARD61744, in 2010 and Gebisa and Lelisa, in 2011 were best performing.
Genetic and Morphological Diversity Analysis of Ethiopian Mustard (Brasica ca...Premier Publishers
Growing of Ethiopian mustard, as an oilseed and leaf vegetable require genetic improvement which relies on its genetic diversity. The experiment was executed to analyse genetic and morphological diversity of Ethiopian mustard land races at Holetta agricultural research center. Forty-nine genotypes collected from different agro ecologies were analyzed using morphological traits in order to assess the genetic and morphological diversity that exists in these materials. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared except seed yield per plant, fresh leaf biomass per plant topped at 40, 50 and 60 days of growth and number of intact leaves at flowering. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions that is important for selection and breeding. For yield component traits, high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations was observed in seed yield per plot and oil yield. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype, may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight(68.80%), followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid (62.58%), days to maturity(60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic (58.19%), linoleic (57.46%),leaf area (52..09%), oil content (50.33%), leaf width (48.29%),leaf length(46.28%), oil yield(44.84%), fresh leaf biomass at 50 days of topping(43.40%), seed yield per plot(42.99%), number of leaves at vegetative state(40.48%), seed yield of 50 days growth stage topped plants(38.85%) and primary branches (34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to high genotypic variance. Hence, a good progress can be made if some of these traits are considered as selection criteria for the improvement of yield, yield component and vegetative traits. The present study revealed the presence of considerable variability among genotypes for all traits compared except seed yield per plant, fresh leaf biomass per plant topped at 40,50 and 60 days of growth and number of intact leaves at flowering. These conditions indicate that there is good opportunity to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
Soil Population Density, Kernel Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination in Grou...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
About 100 groundnut pod and soil samples were collected from different locations of North Gujarat and were tested for soil population of A. flavus, percent seed infection and aflatoxin contamination. The average soil population of A. flavus of Kachchh district (4.93 x 103 cfu g-1soil) was slightly higher than Banaskantha district (4.90 x 103 cfu g-1 soil). Minimum soil population of A. flavus was recorded with the variety J-11 grown as rainfed. Moreover, it was maximum when groundnut crops were grown after groundnut whereas; minimum after pulse crops; and a little difference between the irrigated and the rainfed samples were recorded.
The average of seed infection was higher in the Banaskantha district than the Kachchh. Maximum seed infection was recorded in the variety GG-20 grown as irrigated; whereas minimum in the variety J-11 cultivated in rainfed. Maximum seed infection was recorded when groundnut was grown as previous crop, while minimum when pulses were grown as previous crops. Irrigated crops showed higher seed infection as compared to the rainfed crops.
STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND YIELD ATRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN INDIGENOUS RICE (OR...Vipin Pandey
The present study was carried out to study ninety four rice accessions, along with checks, on the basis of sixteen
qualitative and twenty quantitative characters. Analysis of variance for quantitative characters showed differences for
different characters. High coefficient of variation in the entire genotypes was observed for grain yield per plant (27.4 %),
number of effective tillers per plant (22.37 %), test weight (21.14 %) and kernel length breadth ratio (20.59 %).
Correlation analysis revealed positive and highly significant correlation of total number of filled grains per panicle, total
number of grains per panicle, plant height and number of effective tiller per plant; harvest index, test weight, flag leaf
length and days to maturity had positive highly significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Principal Component
Analysis revealed, out of 20, only seven principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value, and showed
about 77.42 % variability among the traits studied. So, these 7 PCs were given due importance for further explanation.
Component matrix revealed that the PC1 was mostly related to quality characters while PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6 and
PC7 mostly associated with yield related traits. Cluster analysis performed by UPGMA method using Euclidean distance
as dissimilarity measure divided the 97 genotypes of rice into ten clusters. The cluster III constituted of 48 genotypes,
forming the largest cluster followed by cluster VI (22 genotypes), cluster V (10 genotypes), cluster II (5 genotypes) and
cluster VIII (4 genotypes), cluster I, IV and VII (two genotypes each), cluster IX and X had (only one genotypes each).
Quality analysis performed for 97 rice genotypes revealed wide range of genetic variability for most of the quality traits.
After the first green revolution (1966) in our country, production was increased by using of huge quantity of fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation but thereafter it was realized that by using heavy amount of fertilizer and pesticides, soil health was damaged and even human health was seriously affected. In this backdrop, organic farming has come into existence in 20th century. Organic farming is an eco-friendly and cost minimized farming practices capable to give same yield compare to chemical farming. The present investigationwas conductedduring post kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018consideringdifferent organic growing conditions as treatments,viz. Enriched Sanjeevani(1%) with straw mulching (T1), BD-501 (3%) with mulching (T2), Sasyagavya (10%) with mulching (T3), and inherent fertility status of experimental plot as absolute control (T4). Seven varieties, namely,V1 (Sukhsagar); V2 (Agrifound Dark Red); V3 (BhimaSweta); V4 (Bhima Dark Red); V5 (Nasik Red); V6 (ArkaNiketan) and V7 (N-53) were used for the experiment by adopting Factorial Randomized Block Design with their three replications.
The tests for the evaluation of seedling establishment, palatability and acceptability were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Technology and the Food Laboratory of the Department of Home and Rural Economics, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State. The experimental designs used were Randomized Complete Block Design and the Completely Randomized Design. Some of the parameters measured were percentage seedling establishment, palatability, and acceptability tests. The highest mean percentage seedling establishment was observed in 12.00g levels of H. suaveolens whole powder treated shelled groundnut seeds (97.67, 97.00, and 94.00) at the three periods of storage. Percentage seedling establishment decreased with a decrease in levels of H. suaveolens whole powder. One of the major constraints to the use of plant materials as an alternative to synthetic insecticides is the issue of standardization in dosage of application. This work has suggested that, if groundnut seeds are to be used for sowing, they should be stored with a 12.00g level of H. suaveolens whole powder for every 300.00g for three months. However, if they are to be used for consumption, they could be stored with a 6.00g level of H. suaveolens whole powder for every 300.00g for at most three months. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated shelled groundnut seeds at the three periods of storage on the acceptability and palatability score of cooked groundnut at all dosages of application. All treatments were within the acceptable score rates even though the two rates of the synthetic insecticides, actellic dust were at the lowest acceptable score rate. The finding also showed that acceptability and palatability decreased with an increase in dosage of application. The periods of storage also had a significant impact on the mean percentage seedling establishment. It was observed that there was a higher percentage of seedling establishment when shelled groundnut seeds were stored from November- January. At this period of the year, the temperature and humidity are usually low and this might have necessitated the high state of inactivity and low performance of the bruchids compared to other periods of storage within the year.
Determining transpiration efficiency of bmr sorghum genotypes for progressive...ICRISAT
Food and energy security are fundamental to the economic development of nations and considering environmental issues, biomass-based energy is a promising option in India through lingo- ellulosic (2G) biofuel production. High biomass sorghum is a promising feedstock for 2G biofuels production. However, higher lignin content of the biomass and water-deficit stress are major issues in enhancing biomass sorghum based biofuels production. In sorghum, brown midrib (bmr) mutants with reduced lignin content were developed.
Assessment of the Relative Suitability of Three Different Soils for Dry Seaso...IJEAB
The research was conducted at the project site of the University of Educatoion, Winneba - Mampong campus between mid - November 2007 and Mid-April 2008. The main objective of the study was to compare the relative suitability of three soils in supporting lettuce production in the dry season. The treatments were Calcic Vertisol (Akuse scries), Rodic Nitisol (Ejura sesries) and Chromic Luvisol (Bediest series). The randomized complete block design was used in a pot experience with the three treatments and each replicated three times. Plant height, fresh leaf mass, leaf dry matter yield, fresh root mass, gravimetric moisture content, total porosity, drainability and bulk density were the parameters considered. From the result Bediesi Series recorded the highest growth rate as measured by plant height (266.5mm), fresh leaf weight (30.6g), leaf dry matter weight (4.9g) at 7 weeks after transplanting as well as been the most succulent with 84% succulent. Fresh root weight however, was highest with Akuse Series followed by Bediesi Series and Ejura Series in that decreasing order. Ejura Series recorded the least value for all growth and yield parameters measured. For soil parameters, Akuse Series recorded the highest value for porosity (43.0%) and gravimetric moisture of 6.43 throughout the period of field drying for 8weeks. Ejura Series Bediesi Series also recorded the highest value for drainability after 25 minutes of drainage, followed by Bediesi Series and then Akuse Series. The result of this work indicated that the Bediesi Series is the best soil type among the soils evaluated for lettuce production in the dry season in Ghana.
Effect of sowing year and seedbed type on yield and yield component in bambar...Innspub Net
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is one of the most promising food legumes in Africa, due to its agronomic and nutritional potential. To take advantage of these attributes, several research programmes gathering agronomic and genetic data are being implemented throughout Africa. In this context, the responses of yield and yield components to year sowing and seedbed type were tested in a three densities (13 900 plants ha−1, 62500 plants ha−1 and 250000 plants ha−1) field experiment using a bambara groundnut landrace with a semi-bunch growth habit. Three years sowing: 2005, 2006 and 2007 were coupled with two seedbed types – raised and flat. A factorial trial using a split-plot design with three replicates was set up to analyse seed yield and plant biomass, as well as nine yield components (Plant spread, Plant height, Number of leaves per plant, Number of pods per plants, Number of seeds per plant, Pods weight per plant, Pod fill ration, Seed harvest index). The seedbed type and year of experiment did not influence significantly the marketable yield and plant biomass (p> 0.05). This result has been attributed to the suitability of the amount and distribution of rainfall and temperature for the production of bambara groundnut at the target site. Based on the trend of yield response, cultivation of landraces of bambara groundnut characterized by a semi-bunch growth habit on flat seedbeds was suggested in woodland savannas of Côte d’Ivoire to enhance seeds yield and reduce labour. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijaar/effect-of-sowing-year-and-seedbed-type-on-yield-and-yield-component-in-bambara-groundnut-vigna-subterranea-l-verdc-in-woodland-savannahs-of-cote-divoire/
Integrating striga resistant maize and spatial arrangement of intercropped co...Innspub Net
Infestation of maize fields by Striga asiatica in coastal Kenya is increasing due to continuous mono-cropping of cereals without replenishment of soil nutrients, hence reducing land productivity. This may therefore lead to food insecurity if a viable solution is not found. A study was conducted to determine if integrating striga resistant maize and cowpea spatial arrangement could offer an effective solution to the striga problem. The study was conducted at KALRO Matuga in 2012 and 2013. A randomized complete block design, with three replications, was used. Maize varieties differed significantly in their stover yield in 2013 LR seasons but the varieties did not show any significant effect on striga stand counts in both seasons. Spatial arrangement of intercropped cowpea significantly influenced maize grain and stover yields in 2013 LR season. Maize variety V2 showed some tolerance
to striga weed. This variety is therefore recommended for multi-locational evaluation under the National Performance Trials (NPTs) to ascertain its superiority to the current commercial maize varieties (Coast Maize Composite, Pwani Hybrid 1 and Pwani Hybrid 4). Within row spatial arrangement of inter cropped cowpea gave higher maize yields than the between row arrangement. Farmers are therefore likely to realize improved maize yields by adopting the within row spatial arrangement of inter-cropped cowpea. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-6-december-2015-ijaar/
Evaluation of Improved Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Varieties for Adaptation ...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out to evaluate and identify adapted improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (Fabaceae) varieties in southern tigray lowlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate three improved cowpea varieties for yield and yield related traits under rain-fed conditions at Mekoni Agricultural Research Center site and Kara Adisheho farmer’s field. Analysis of variance showed that all the traits measured were statistically significant at 5% level of probability except plant height. The earliest days to 90% maturity (79 days) were observed for the variety Kenkety, whereas the longest was recorded by bole variety (89.6 days). Similarly, Kenkety variety filled their seeds in a short period of time (25 days) compared to Assebot and Bole varieties (29; 32 days). The highest pooled mean grain yield was obtained from Kenkety variety (1958 kgha-1), while Assebot and Bole had the lowest yield of 1656 and 1481 kgha-1 respectively. When we see variety × location wise mean, still Kenkety variety outsmarts in both locations over the varieties and Kara Adisheho were suitable for cowpea production with (2128 kgha-1) grain yield. Taken as a whole, Kenkety variety over weights Assebot and Bole varieties especially for the two main traits of earliness and yield performance. Thus, Kenkety was promising variety for demonstration and scaling up activities in the agro ecology.
Effect of Transplanting date on the Growth and Yield of Aromatic Rice in Irri...iosrjce
A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm
Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the irrigated ecosystem in December, 2009 to May 2010, with a view to study
the performance of aromatic fine rice under different date of transplanting. The experiment was carried out with
four aromatic fine rice (V1= Chinisagar, V2= Chiniatab, V3= Basmati, V4=Awnless Minicat) and three different
date of transplanting (D1=20 January, D2=5 February, D3=20 February). The experiment was laid out in splitplot
design with three replications assigning four varieties in the main plot and the three different transplanting
dates in the sub plot. Aromatic fine rice and dates of transplanting individually showed significant effect on the
agronomic parameters. Among the aromatic fine rice Awnless Minicat gave the highest yield (3.10 t ha-1
) but
that was at per with those of Basmati (1.77 t ha-1
). Transplantation on 20 January gave the highest grain yield
(2.41 t ha-1 ) which was at per with the transplantation on 5 February (1.99 t ha-1 ).The result revealed that 20 January and 5 February produced highest grain yield by all the variety. In later date of transplanting 20 February produced lower grain yield.
Soil Population Density, Kernel Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination in Grou...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
About 100 groundnut pod and soil samples were collected from different locations of North Gujarat and were tested for soil population of A. flavus, percent seed infection and aflatoxin contamination. The average soil population of A. flavus of Kachchh district (4.93 x 103 cfu g-1soil) was slightly higher than Banaskantha district (4.90 x 103 cfu g-1 soil). Minimum soil population of A. flavus was recorded with the variety J-11 grown as rainfed. Moreover, it was maximum when groundnut crops were grown after groundnut whereas; minimum after pulse crops; and a little difference between the irrigated and the rainfed samples were recorded.
The average of seed infection was higher in the Banaskantha district than the Kachchh. Maximum seed infection was recorded in the variety GG-20 grown as irrigated; whereas minimum in the variety J-11 cultivated in rainfed. Maximum seed infection was recorded when groundnut was grown as previous crop, while minimum when pulses were grown as previous crops. Irrigated crops showed higher seed infection as compared to the rainfed crops.
STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND YIELD ATRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN INDIGENOUS RICE (OR...Vipin Pandey
The present study was carried out to study ninety four rice accessions, along with checks, on the basis of sixteen
qualitative and twenty quantitative characters. Analysis of variance for quantitative characters showed differences for
different characters. High coefficient of variation in the entire genotypes was observed for grain yield per plant (27.4 %),
number of effective tillers per plant (22.37 %), test weight (21.14 %) and kernel length breadth ratio (20.59 %).
Correlation analysis revealed positive and highly significant correlation of total number of filled grains per panicle, total
number of grains per panicle, plant height and number of effective tiller per plant; harvest index, test weight, flag leaf
length and days to maturity had positive highly significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Principal Component
Analysis revealed, out of 20, only seven principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value, and showed
about 77.42 % variability among the traits studied. So, these 7 PCs were given due importance for further explanation.
Component matrix revealed that the PC1 was mostly related to quality characters while PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6 and
PC7 mostly associated with yield related traits. Cluster analysis performed by UPGMA method using Euclidean distance
as dissimilarity measure divided the 97 genotypes of rice into ten clusters. The cluster III constituted of 48 genotypes,
forming the largest cluster followed by cluster VI (22 genotypes), cluster V (10 genotypes), cluster II (5 genotypes) and
cluster VIII (4 genotypes), cluster I, IV and VII (two genotypes each), cluster IX and X had (only one genotypes each).
Quality analysis performed for 97 rice genotypes revealed wide range of genetic variability for most of the quality traits.
After the first green revolution (1966) in our country, production was increased by using of huge quantity of fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation but thereafter it was realized that by using heavy amount of fertilizer and pesticides, soil health was damaged and even human health was seriously affected. In this backdrop, organic farming has come into existence in 20th century. Organic farming is an eco-friendly and cost minimized farming practices capable to give same yield compare to chemical farming. The present investigationwas conductedduring post kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018consideringdifferent organic growing conditions as treatments,viz. Enriched Sanjeevani(1%) with straw mulching (T1), BD-501 (3%) with mulching (T2), Sasyagavya (10%) with mulching (T3), and inherent fertility status of experimental plot as absolute control (T4). Seven varieties, namely,V1 (Sukhsagar); V2 (Agrifound Dark Red); V3 (BhimaSweta); V4 (Bhima Dark Red); V5 (Nasik Red); V6 (ArkaNiketan) and V7 (N-53) were used for the experiment by adopting Factorial Randomized Block Design with their three replications.
The tests for the evaluation of seedling establishment, palatability and acceptability were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Technology and the Food Laboratory of the Department of Home and Rural Economics, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State. The experimental designs used were Randomized Complete Block Design and the Completely Randomized Design. Some of the parameters measured were percentage seedling establishment, palatability, and acceptability tests. The highest mean percentage seedling establishment was observed in 12.00g levels of H. suaveolens whole powder treated shelled groundnut seeds (97.67, 97.00, and 94.00) at the three periods of storage. Percentage seedling establishment decreased with a decrease in levels of H. suaveolens whole powder. One of the major constraints to the use of plant materials as an alternative to synthetic insecticides is the issue of standardization in dosage of application. This work has suggested that, if groundnut seeds are to be used for sowing, they should be stored with a 12.00g level of H. suaveolens whole powder for every 300.00g for three months. However, if they are to be used for consumption, they could be stored with a 6.00g level of H. suaveolens whole powder for every 300.00g for at most three months. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated shelled groundnut seeds at the three periods of storage on the acceptability and palatability score of cooked groundnut at all dosages of application. All treatments were within the acceptable score rates even though the two rates of the synthetic insecticides, actellic dust were at the lowest acceptable score rate. The finding also showed that acceptability and palatability decreased with an increase in dosage of application. The periods of storage also had a significant impact on the mean percentage seedling establishment. It was observed that there was a higher percentage of seedling establishment when shelled groundnut seeds were stored from November- January. At this period of the year, the temperature and humidity are usually low and this might have necessitated the high state of inactivity and low performance of the bruchids compared to other periods of storage within the year.
Determining transpiration efficiency of bmr sorghum genotypes for progressive...ICRISAT
Food and energy security are fundamental to the economic development of nations and considering environmental issues, biomass-based energy is a promising option in India through lingo- ellulosic (2G) biofuel production. High biomass sorghum is a promising feedstock for 2G biofuels production. However, higher lignin content of the biomass and water-deficit stress are major issues in enhancing biomass sorghum based biofuels production. In sorghum, brown midrib (bmr) mutants with reduced lignin content were developed.
Assessment of the Relative Suitability of Three Different Soils for Dry Seaso...IJEAB
The research was conducted at the project site of the University of Educatoion, Winneba - Mampong campus between mid - November 2007 and Mid-April 2008. The main objective of the study was to compare the relative suitability of three soils in supporting lettuce production in the dry season. The treatments were Calcic Vertisol (Akuse scries), Rodic Nitisol (Ejura sesries) and Chromic Luvisol (Bediest series). The randomized complete block design was used in a pot experience with the three treatments and each replicated three times. Plant height, fresh leaf mass, leaf dry matter yield, fresh root mass, gravimetric moisture content, total porosity, drainability and bulk density were the parameters considered. From the result Bediesi Series recorded the highest growth rate as measured by plant height (266.5mm), fresh leaf weight (30.6g), leaf dry matter weight (4.9g) at 7 weeks after transplanting as well as been the most succulent with 84% succulent. Fresh root weight however, was highest with Akuse Series followed by Bediesi Series and Ejura Series in that decreasing order. Ejura Series recorded the least value for all growth and yield parameters measured. For soil parameters, Akuse Series recorded the highest value for porosity (43.0%) and gravimetric moisture of 6.43 throughout the period of field drying for 8weeks. Ejura Series Bediesi Series also recorded the highest value for drainability after 25 minutes of drainage, followed by Bediesi Series and then Akuse Series. The result of this work indicated that the Bediesi Series is the best soil type among the soils evaluated for lettuce production in the dry season in Ghana.
Effect of sowing year and seedbed type on yield and yield component in bambar...Innspub Net
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is one of the most promising food legumes in Africa, due to its agronomic and nutritional potential. To take advantage of these attributes, several research programmes gathering agronomic and genetic data are being implemented throughout Africa. In this context, the responses of yield and yield components to year sowing and seedbed type were tested in a three densities (13 900 plants ha−1, 62500 plants ha−1 and 250000 plants ha−1) field experiment using a bambara groundnut landrace with a semi-bunch growth habit. Three years sowing: 2005, 2006 and 2007 were coupled with two seedbed types – raised and flat. A factorial trial using a split-plot design with three replicates was set up to analyse seed yield and plant biomass, as well as nine yield components (Plant spread, Plant height, Number of leaves per plant, Number of pods per plants, Number of seeds per plant, Pods weight per plant, Pod fill ration, Seed harvest index). The seedbed type and year of experiment did not influence significantly the marketable yield and plant biomass (p> 0.05). This result has been attributed to the suitability of the amount and distribution of rainfall and temperature for the production of bambara groundnut at the target site. Based on the trend of yield response, cultivation of landraces of bambara groundnut characterized by a semi-bunch growth habit on flat seedbeds was suggested in woodland savannas of Côte d’Ivoire to enhance seeds yield and reduce labour. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijaar/effect-of-sowing-year-and-seedbed-type-on-yield-and-yield-component-in-bambara-groundnut-vigna-subterranea-l-verdc-in-woodland-savannahs-of-cote-divoire/
Integrating striga resistant maize and spatial arrangement of intercropped co...Innspub Net
Infestation of maize fields by Striga asiatica in coastal Kenya is increasing due to continuous mono-cropping of cereals without replenishment of soil nutrients, hence reducing land productivity. This may therefore lead to food insecurity if a viable solution is not found. A study was conducted to determine if integrating striga resistant maize and cowpea spatial arrangement could offer an effective solution to the striga problem. The study was conducted at KALRO Matuga in 2012 and 2013. A randomized complete block design, with three replications, was used. Maize varieties differed significantly in their stover yield in 2013 LR seasons but the varieties did not show any significant effect on striga stand counts in both seasons. Spatial arrangement of intercropped cowpea significantly influenced maize grain and stover yields in 2013 LR season. Maize variety V2 showed some tolerance
to striga weed. This variety is therefore recommended for multi-locational evaluation under the National Performance Trials (NPTs) to ascertain its superiority to the current commercial maize varieties (Coast Maize Composite, Pwani Hybrid 1 and Pwani Hybrid 4). Within row spatial arrangement of inter cropped cowpea gave higher maize yields than the between row arrangement. Farmers are therefore likely to realize improved maize yields by adopting the within row spatial arrangement of inter-cropped cowpea. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-6-december-2015-ijaar/
Evaluation of Improved Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Varieties for Adaptation ...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out to evaluate and identify adapted improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (Fabaceae) varieties in southern tigray lowlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate three improved cowpea varieties for yield and yield related traits under rain-fed conditions at Mekoni Agricultural Research Center site and Kara Adisheho farmer’s field. Analysis of variance showed that all the traits measured were statistically significant at 5% level of probability except plant height. The earliest days to 90% maturity (79 days) were observed for the variety Kenkety, whereas the longest was recorded by bole variety (89.6 days). Similarly, Kenkety variety filled their seeds in a short period of time (25 days) compared to Assebot and Bole varieties (29; 32 days). The highest pooled mean grain yield was obtained from Kenkety variety (1958 kgha-1), while Assebot and Bole had the lowest yield of 1656 and 1481 kgha-1 respectively. When we see variety × location wise mean, still Kenkety variety outsmarts in both locations over the varieties and Kara Adisheho were suitable for cowpea production with (2128 kgha-1) grain yield. Taken as a whole, Kenkety variety over weights Assebot and Bole varieties especially for the two main traits of earliness and yield performance. Thus, Kenkety was promising variety for demonstration and scaling up activities in the agro ecology.
Effect of Transplanting date on the Growth and Yield of Aromatic Rice in Irri...iosrjce
A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm
Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the irrigated ecosystem in December, 2009 to May 2010, with a view to study
the performance of aromatic fine rice under different date of transplanting. The experiment was carried out with
four aromatic fine rice (V1= Chinisagar, V2= Chiniatab, V3= Basmati, V4=Awnless Minicat) and three different
date of transplanting (D1=20 January, D2=5 February, D3=20 February). The experiment was laid out in splitplot
design with three replications assigning four varieties in the main plot and the three different transplanting
dates in the sub plot. Aromatic fine rice and dates of transplanting individually showed significant effect on the
agronomic parameters. Among the aromatic fine rice Awnless Minicat gave the highest yield (3.10 t ha-1
) but
that was at per with those of Basmati (1.77 t ha-1
). Transplantation on 20 January gave the highest grain yield
(2.41 t ha-1 ) which was at per with the transplantation on 5 February (1.99 t ha-1 ).The result revealed that 20 January and 5 February produced highest grain yield by all the variety. In later date of transplanting 20 February produced lower grain yield.
A complete outline of KPI's function and use in a measureable value that demonstrates the effectiveness of a business process at contributing to the attainment of key business objectives
Evaluation of some maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for resistance to stem borer...Innspub Net
The field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) , Kassala and Gash Research Station Farm, Takro of, Sudan. During the two winter seasons (2016/017 and 2017/018) respectively to evaluate some grain maize genotypes for resistance to stem borer and identify the most tolerance of these genotypes to Stem Borer infestation. Thirteen (STB.G1, STB.G2, STB.G3, STB.G4, STB.G5, STB.G6, STB.G7, STB.G8, STB.G9, STB.G10, STB.G11) maize genotypes were used in this study: with two check of maize variety (check. 1(Mugtama45) and ckeck. 2 (Var.113),). The experiments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected were used in this study were : Germination percentages, plant population, plant height, ear height, ear length, days to 50% Tasselling, days to 50% silking, ear length, ear diameter, cob diameter, number of rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 100 Kernel weight and Yieldkg/ha. Results showed that the most encouraging genotypes (STB.G 11, STB.G10, STB.G 4, STB.G 6 and STB.G8) of maize production at Kassala state were obtained a high value for potential of grain yield (4132, 3723, 3611, 3302 and 3264kg/ha) respectively, and for the most important of yield components. Among the traits considered, the yield (kg/ha) was the most promising as an indicator of tolerance to stem borer infestation.
Variability and Association of Yield and Yield Component Traits of Durum Whea...Premier Publishers
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is a member of the Poaceae family. It is tetraploid (genomes of AABB) with 28 chromosomes (2n = 4x = 28). The use of poor yielder local durum wheat genotypes was the major critical problem of durum wheat production in Ethiopia. The present study was specifically, to evaluate genetic variations of Ethiopian advanced durum wheat lines; to investigate the important yield component traits of durum wheat; to determine the magnitude of association between yield and yield component of traits and to identify promising candidate genotypes to be used in future durum wheat breeding programmes. The study was carried out on 81 genotypes and the experiment was laid out in a triple lattice design with total of 243 experimental units. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation among the genotypes for all traits. Most traits, have showed higher PCV and GCV values (>10%) except days to maturity. Broad sense heritability (H^2) was ranged from 57.9% to 89.7%. Future research on durum wheat crop should give emphasis on quality parameter specially required standard for pasta and Makoroni requirement of the industry demand.:
Performance Evaluation of released Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variet...Premier Publishers
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae) is a crop widely distributed in almost all parts of the world. In Ethiopia, common bean is cultivated for two main purposes namely as a source of protein for local consumption and for export. Mostly, it grows in the warm and lowland areas of the country. This experiment was conducted to identify, select and recommend adaptable, high yielding, as well as Insect pest and disease resistant released variety(ies) for major common bean producing areas mainly Kamashi zone and Mao-komo special Woreda of Benishangul gumuz regional state of Ethiopia. Sixteen varieties were evaluated in RCBD with three replications with plot size of 4m x 2.4m = 9.6m2 at Kamashi and Tongo (Mao-komo) testing sites of Assosa Agricultural Research Centre (AsRC) for two years (2013/14 and 2014/15) main cropping seasons. The result of ANOVA showed that there was a significant varietal difference (P< 0.001) in seed yield. The least seed yield per hectare was recorded for Argene variety (474 kg ha-1) and the highest grain yield for SER 125 variety (2220 kg ha-1) followed by SER 119 (2022 kg ha-1) SER 48 varieties (1891kg ha-1) and Nasir variety (1800 kg ha-1). SER 125, SER 119 and SER 48 varieties were performed well across both locations during the consecutive cropping seasons while Nasir variety has another quality of tolerating soil acidity which was the major problem in the western parts of the country including Assosa and western Oromia. Therefore, these varieties have to be promoted in farmer’s field for dissemination and scaling up.
Performance evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and variability study...Premier Publishers
This study aimed at assessing genetic variability and to evaluate the performance of 13 improved upland rice varieties for yield and its components based on morphological traits. The field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design at Guraferda and Gimbo districts in the 2019 main cropping season. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) over the two locations revealed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) among varieties for days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, panicle length, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield. Similarly, the ANOVA for variety by location interactions depicted significant differences among the tested varieties for days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, and thousand-grain weight. High heritability was obtained from days to heading (88.5%), panicle length (85.0%), and grain yield (85.2%), which indicates these traits can be easily improved through selection. High to medium broad sense heritability and genetic advance as percentage of the mean for days to heading, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield indicates a good opportunity for improvement through selection using their phenotypic performance. This is mainly due to the high role of additive gene action in the expression of such traits. This study confirmed the presence of variability among varieties for most of the studied traits, which will create an opportunity for breeders to improve rice yield and other attributes.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes at B...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to assess the extent of genetic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes to identify superior genotypes for further improvement program. A total of forty-nine sesame genotypes were evaluated at Bako and Uke during 2018 cropping season. Data were recorded and analyzed by SAS software. The combined analysis showed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits. Cluster analysis grouped 49 sesame genotypes into four clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance occurred between clusters three and four while the lowest was between clusters one and two. Principal components analysis showed that about 76.1% of the total variations among sesame genotypes were contributed by the first four PCs with eigen values greater than unity. Estimation of phenotypic diversity based on qualitative traits showed seed color and flower color were the highest divergent traits followed by stem color and leaf color. Generally, the result of the study showed existence of significant genetic variability among tested genotypes. Therefore, simple selection of promising genotypes and crossing of highly divergent group to produce best heterotic offspring could be recommended from the present study.
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percent mean and character association for forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustards collected from different agro ecologies. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed in seed yield per plot, oil yield per plot, and plant height. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight (68.80%) followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid(62.58%), days to maturity (60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic acid (58.19%), linoleic acid (57.46%),oil content (50.33%), oil yield (44.84%), seed yield per plot(42.99%),and primary branches(34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to the high genotypic and less environmental variance. In the correlation coefficient analysis, seed yield per plot showed positive correlation with oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. In the path analysis, number of primary branches and oil yield showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. In this study, seed yield per plot, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were found to be the most important components for the improvement of seed and oil. Therefore more emphasis should be given for highest heritable traits of mustard and to those positively correlated traits to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
Impact of climate on seed morphology and plant growth of Caesalpinia bonduc L...Innspub Net
Caesalpinia bonduc L. is an important medicinal plant threatened by overexploitation. In the present study, the
impact of climate on seed morphology, germination capacity, seedling and plant growth of C. bonduc were evaluated. A total of 2000 seeds were collected in Sudanian and Guinean climate zones of Africa and their length, width, thickness, weight and color were recorded. A hierarchical classification and canonical discriminant analysis were applied to the above traits of seeds from the different climatic zones. An analysis of variance with repeated measures was applied to seeds morphotypes identified by the hierarchical classification to test for the effect of these morphotypes on seed germination, seedling and plant growth. Hierarchical classification helped to
identify four seed morphotypes. Canonical discriminant analysis performed on these morphotypes revealed highly significant differences. Morphotypes 1 and 3 comprised green seeds mainly from Sudanian zone while morphotypes 2 and 4 gathered grey seeds mainly from Guinean zone. Morphotype 3 had the longest seeds while the shortest seeds were from morphotype 1. The heaviest seeds were found in morphotype 4 whereas the lightest ones were from morphotype 1. Seeds of morphotype 4 were the thickest and widest, while the slimmest and most narrow ones were grouped in morphotype 1. Moprhotype 3, consisting of large green seeds mainly from Sudanian zone, was superior in terms of seedling and plant growth among all morphotypes and should be the best choice
for planting purposes of the species.
This paper examines the effects of planting date (early planting, mid-season planting and late-season planting) and weeding regimes (two weeding before harvesting, three weeding before harvesting and weed free plots) on yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in the Tolon district of Northern Ghana. The results show that different weed species, categorized as broad leaves, grasses and sedges, were dominant depending on the planting date and weeding regime. While there was no significant interaction (p>0.05) between planting date and weeding regime on fruit yield, nor significant impact of planting date as a sole treatment on fruit yield, the results showed the existence of significant effect of weeding regime as a sole treatment on yield and yield parameters of okra (p<0.05). Triple weeding resulted in okra yields comparable to the weed-free treatments (mean of 6000 kg/ha to 6300 kg/ha, p>0.05) but significantly higher (p<0.05) and about triple the yield observed in the treatments with double weeding regimes (mean of 1800 kg/ha to 2300 kg/ha). As cost of production, besides the cost of weeding, remains same for all treatments, Triple weeding is recommended for the small-holder farmer. It is associated with less labor cost compared to continuous weeding in the weed free treatments, and the triple gains in yield could offset the additional labor cost incurred in the triple weeding compared to the double weeding regimes.
Phenotypic variability and racial classification of landraces of sorghum (Sor...Innspub Net
A morpho-botanical analysis of 76 sorghum accessions collected from the department of Donga, the northwestern
part of Benin was carried out. An agro-morphological assessment of accessions was conducted based on 15
descriptors (10 quantitative traits and 5 qualitative traits). The experiment was laid at alpha lattice design with three repetitions. Four races (guinea, durra, caudatum and bicolor) were identified with high proportion of accessions of guinea race (86.84%) and low proportion of other races such as durra (5.26%), caudatum (2.63 %) and bicolor (1.32%). Kafir race was missed from the collection. The analysis of agro-morphological characters of accessions showed a significant phenotypic variability of sorghum local varieties kept and managed by farmers in Donga. The principal component analysis (PCA) performed on quantitative traits showed three axes accounted for nearly 70% of the total variation. The first axis represents plant height, diameter of third internodes, leaf length and leaf width of the third internodes; the second axis accounts for length of peduncle while the third one stands for the weight of 1,000 grains. On the basis of the quantitative and qualitative traits studied, ascending hierarchical classification according to Ward aggregation criteria differentiated four groups structured around key variables such as morpho-physiological characteristics of grains (color, size, degree of bitterness) and race. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Castor is an important oil crop and its oil is used in many industrial products as well as lubricant. Since Ethiopia is center of origin, there is a high diversity of the crop present in this country. This study was undertaken to identify the castor genotypes which can mature earlier to overcome moisture stress at dry areas of the country. There is a wide range of variability in the characterized genotypes and there is also correlation both positively and negatively affected days to maturity which is the main objective of this research. The result from this experiment showed promising results as there are several early maturing and high yielding genotypes was identified. Therefore, further selection should be continued to get best and early maturing as well as high yielder varieties.
Groundnut is an important oil seed crop, grown throughout the tropics and sub tropics worldwide. It is one of the three economically important oilseed crops grown in Ethiopia. Groundnut is commonly produced by small scale farmers as food and cash crops in the study area. The area has potential to the production of Ground nut for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate five Ground nut varieties and select early maturing varieties with considerable yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Abaya and varieties were planted in Randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. The computed analysis of variance revealed significant variations among varieties for days to maturity, number of primary branches, number of pegs per plants, Grain yield and shelling percentage. The pooled over year mean of varieties indicated , Tole- 1 variety ( Check) is high yielding with mean grain yield of 4174.7kg followed by variety Sedi (3552.5kg/ha) and Babile local (3550.4kg/ha).Variety Sedi has special merit in terms of earliness and therefore recommended for moisture stress areas of Abaya and location with similar agro ecologies while Tole -1 (Standard check) is high yielding varieties and should be used in production until new varieties will be developed through selection/breeding program.
Barley is one of the most important traditional crops in Ethiopia which is a major center of genetic diversity for barley along with other crop plants species. Two hundred seven accessions and 18 released varieties were laid down in 15*15 simple lattice design and planted in 2008 main cropping season (June to Nov) at Kokate. The objective of the study was to conduct the morphological characterization and to determine the nature and degree of variability in morpho- agronomic traits of landrace of barley in southern Ethiopia collections. The proportion of genotypes in kernel row number were 26.6, 15.3, 16.6, 41.5 and 0.4% for two rowed with lateral floret, two rowed deficient, irregular, six rowed with awns on lateral floret and branched heads, respectively. Genotypes with white kernel color (57.5%) and amber (normal) lemma color (50%) were dominant. The highest diversity indices pooled over the characters within zones/ special woredas were recorded for accessions sampled from Dawro (H’= 0.75 ± 0.05) followed by Sheka (H’=0.74 ± 0.07), Gamgofa (H’ =0.70 ± 0.05) and Keffa (H’= 0.70 ± 0.08). These zones can be used for in situ conservation for barley landraces as representatives of southern Ethiopian high lands. The barley genotypes were clustered into five distinct groups of various sizes based on 8 qualitative traits. The estimates of diversity index (H’) for each trait in each of the three altitudinal class has shown that polymorphism was common in varying degrees for most traits, implying the existence of a wide range of variation in the materials.
morphological and physiological variation of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri...IJEAB
Nine isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri infecting chickpea were collected from major chickpea growing areas of Bangladesh and their cultural, morphological, physiological and pathogenic characteristics were described. The isolates varied significantly in their cultural, morphological and physiological traits, i.e. colony color, shape, margin and texture; mycelial radial growth and spore production. Laboratory studies were conducted to study the effect of different culture media, pH and temperature levels on mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Mycelial radial growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum was maximum for all the isolates at 25°C after seven days of inoculation, which was reduced drastically below 15°C and above 35°C. No growth and sporulation was observed at 5 °C temperature for all the isolates. The most suitable pH level for growth and sporulation of the fungus was at pH 6.0. The fungus grew well on oat meal agar medium among seven culture media tested. No sporulation was observed on WA medium. The highest number of macro spores (3.27 x 105 ml-1) and micro spores (4.06 x 105 ml-1) were produced on PDA. Among the nine tested isolates, only one isolate (FOC-1) found to be highly virulent (HV) type on reaction on chickpea variety BARI Chola –1.
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Investigation of Correlation Coefficient for Forage and Grain Yield with Rela...Premier Publishers
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a staple worldwide in both human and animal nutrition. It is mainly grown for livestock, depending on its grain and forage yield in Turkey. This study was based on defining correlation coefficients of some oat genotypes (nine lines and three cultivars) in Konya, Turkey, among fodder and grain yields, and their components. The experimental design of this study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The correlations were analyzed after harvesting at milk to dough period. The findings illustrated that there was a significant positive correlation between green fodder yield and leaf weights in ten stems, and grain yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter. The highest negative correlations was found between green fodder yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter, and grain yield and 50% flowering periods in addition to green fodder yield. This research suggests that the number of panicles stems per square meter and dry fodder yield would be selection criteria for grain yield. The number of leaves per stem, the number of nodes, and plant height would also be considered for green fodder yield by oat breeders in their program in Anatolia.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
1. الرحيم الرحمن ال بسم
A Study on Genetic Variability, Interrelationships among some
Agronomic Traits and Path Coefficient Analysis in Pearl Millet
اللؤلؤي الدخن في المسار معامل وتحليل الحقلية الصفات بعض ارتباط ،الوراثي التباين دراسة
By
Omar Abdalla Bakhit Hassan
M.Sc. presentation
Supervisor
Dr. El hag Hassan Abuelgasim
23 February 2010
2. INTRODUCTION
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br) or "Dukhun", is a cereal crop
belonging to section Panacea of the family Poaceae.
Pearl millet is a robust, diploid species (2n=14), cross-pollinated grass with
immense genetic diversity.
The center of origin for pearl millet stretching from Western Sudan to
Senegal.
3. It's planted across a wide range of It's environments around the
world.
grown as a subsistence grain and forage crop for livestock. Also its
stalk can be used as building material or as fuel.
Pearl millet comes as the sixth among cereal crops in the world in
terms of production, coming after wheat, rice, maize, barley and
sorghum.
4. PEARL MILLET WORLD’S PRODUCTION AND
PRODUCTIVITY:
The world total grown area, in 2006 was 36.297 million hectares.
produced 32.074 million metrics tones.
The world average grain yield was ranged from and 883.6 kg/ha for
the year 2006.
5. PEARL MILLET IN SUDAN:
Is a preferred food crop for the majority of the inhabitants of
Western Sudan.
In terms of both area and production it ranks second after sorghum.
The crop is almost exclusively raised under rain-fed conditions with
97% of the total area in the country being raised under traditional
farming conditions.
About 95% of the crop area is found in Western Sudan (Kordofan
and Darfur states) mainly in the extensive sandy soil zone.
The annual average rainfall in the millet growing areas varies from
200 mm to 750 mm, falling during a short rainy season of 2 to 4
months.
6. PEARL MILLET IN SUDAN (Cont):
The annual average rainfall in the millet growing areas varies from
200 mm to 750 mm, falling during a short rainy season of 2 to 4
months.
The crop was grown on 2.256 million hectares producing 0.792
million metric tones in 2006 (FAO, 2007).
The average yield of grain per hectare in Sudan was 351 Kg/ha, in
2006.
7. CONSTRAINTS OF PRODUCTION:
The low and unreliable rainfall comes first since 99% of the area
cultivated depends on rainfall.
The poor genetic stocks cultivated by farmers
Pests and diseases cause serious damage to the crop.
The poor cultural practices followed by farmers.
Lack of agricultural services and inputs.
Lack of financing and extension services.
8. OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY:
To obtain information on genetic variability of agronomic traits in
local and exotic pearl millet genotypes.
To study the genotypic and phenotypic interrelationships between
the different pairs of various agronomic traits.
To study the path coefficient analysis of some important
agronomic traits and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield.
9. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY:
[1] Materials:
Sites: El shegaila, Beinu and El jekka in rain fed areas (North
Kordofan state), and Shambat was planted under irrigation area in
(Khartoum state).
Genotypes: The 18 local and exotic genotypes were tested.
Design: Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four
replications was used.
The experimental plot: consisted of 4 rows of 5 meter length, with a
spacing of 75 cm between rows and 50 cm between plant holes. Six
to eight seeds were sown in each hole.
Recommended agronomic practices were used.
10. Table 1: The pearl millet genotypes used in the study of genetic
variability and interrelationships among different traits
No Genotype Origin Note source
1 Ashana ICRISAT Released ARC-Sudan
2 Ugandi Uganda Released ARC-Sudan
3 Dembe (Um shegaira) Kordofan Collection ARC-Sudan
4 Aish burno West Africa Collection ARC-Sudan
5 Um gerfa Kordofan Collection ARC-Sudan
6 GB 87-35 ICRISAT promising ARC-Sudan
7 Bauda Darfur Collection ARC-Sudan
8 Demde yellow Kordofan Collection ARC-Sudan
9 Dahabaya ARC promising ARC-Sudan
10 Local Kordofani Kordofan Collection ARC-Sudan
11 Sudan II ICRISAT promising ARC-Sudan
12 HSD 2254 Darfur Collection ARC-Sudan
13 HSD 2260 Darfur Collection ARC-Sudan
14 HSD 2261 Darfur Collection ARC-Sudan
15 HSD 2279 Darfur Collection ARC-Sudan
16 HSD 2348 Kordofan Collection ARC-Sudan
17 HSD 2380 Kordofan Collection ARC-Sudan
18 HSD 2416 Kordofan Collection ARC-Sudan
11. [2] Data collection:
All measurements were taken from the two central rows in each plot.
The 17 agronomic traits were measured which includes :
plant population/ hectare.
Days to 50% to flowering.
days to 95% maturity.
plant height (cm).
stem diameter (cm).
productive tillers/ plant.
panicle length (cm).
panicle width (cm).
12. [2] Data collection (Cont):
number of panicles/ plot.
dry panicles/ plot.
number of seeds/ panicle.
1000 seed weight (g).
grain yield/ plant (g).
grain yield/ hectare (kg).
biological yield/ hectare (kg).
threshing percentage.
harvest index.
13. [3] Statistical analysis :
Single site and combined analysis – MSTAT-C software.
Mean separation (LSD 0.05).
Phenotypic, genotypic and variation.
Heritability (Hanson et al. 1956).
Phenotypic coefficients of variation (Burton 1952).
Genotypic coefficients of variation (Burton 1952).
Genetic advance and percentage genetic advance (Johnson et al.
1955).
Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients (Miller et al. ,
1958) .
Path coefficients analysis (Dewey and Lu ,1959) .
14. RESULTS
Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among
locations for all traits.
Highly significant differences among genotypes were observed for
most of the traits studied.
Significant differences for genotypes x locations interactions were
detected for most of the traits.
15. Table 2: Overall means average for the different characters in 18 pearl millet
genotypes at four sites in 2005/06 season.
SiteCharacter
El shegaila Beinu El jekka Shambat
Grand
mean
Plant population/ha 27842 36408 16008 36209 29130
50% days to flowering 69.98 59.10 75.06 66.07 68.01
95% days to maturity 99.48 89.29 105.07 96.61 97.79
Plant height (cm) 164.75 151.208 142.63 180.83 159.84
Stem diameter (cm) 1.039 0.878 0.992 1.18 1.03
Productive tillers/plant 1.39 1.625 1.751 3.67 2.18
Panicle length (cm) 23.19 24.590 24.849 22.16 24.26
Panicle width (cm) 2.56 2.400 2.403 2.30 2.42
No of panicles/ plot 50.58 66.111 30.910 168.04 79.00
Dry panicles wt. (kg)/plot 1.04 1.208 0.971 3.86 1.801
No of seeds/panicle 1530 1234 1312 1450 1381
1000 seeds weight (g) 8.69 7.07 7.77 8.09 7.93
Grain yield (g)/plant 20.40 14.454 30.09 54.89 30.12
Grain yield (kg)/ha 541.198 529.644 450.554 1546.280 766.919
Biological yield (kg)/ha 3303.174 4223.833 1942.626 8478.773 4486.978
Threshing % 54.76 48.02 55.09 46.12 51.02
Harvest index % 16.21 12.790 23.60 18.32 17.77
22. Table 7: Path coefficient analysis of the direct and indirect
effect of five yield components and their genotypic
correlation coefficients with grain yield/ plant in pearl millet
genotypes at four sites in 2005/06 season.
Effect on grain yield plant (g)
Indirect effect via
Character Direct
effect
Productive
tillers/plant
Panicle
length
(cm)
Panicle
width
(cm)
Number
of seeds/
panicle
1000
seeds
weight
(g)
Genotypic
correlation
with grain
yield/
plant
Productive
tillers/plant
0.286 0.176 0.065 0.081 0.142 0.464
Panicle length
(cm)
0.510 0.176 -0.403 0.195 0.074 0.593
Panicle width (cm) 0.223 0.065 -0.403 0.537 -0.221 0.226
Number of
seeds/panicle
0.119 0.081 0.195 0.537 -0.461 0.457
1000 seeds weight
(g)
-0.022 0.599 0.074 -0.221 -0.461 0.036
Residual 0.664
23. The improved varieties generally showed good yield performance
than the local ones for most of the traits studied.
The performance of the genotypes was greater under irrigated clay
soil conditions (Shambat site).
The phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher than the
genotypic coefficients of variation for all the traits studied.
CONCULSIONS
24. Grain yield/ plant and harvest index showed high values for both
genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, this indicates the
importance of these traits in selection for grain yield improvement.
Very high to moderate heritability estimates were observed for most
of the agronomic traits studied.
High Heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage
of mean were recorded for Grain yield/ hectare, grain yield/plant,
harvest index and dry panicle weight/ plot. These traits can be
useful as selection criteria for yield improvement.
25. The study revealed that the genotypic correlation coefficients were
generally higher than the corresponding phenotypic ones. This
indicates the presence of genetic variability among genotypes for
the agronomic traits studied.
26. The results revealed that grain yield/ plant may be the best indicator
in selection for grain yield improvement, as well as harvest index,
dry panicles weight/ plot, panicle length, number of panicles/ plot
and productive tillers/ plant.
Path coefficient analysis revealed that, among yield components,
panicle length had the highest direct effect on grain yield /plant,
followed by productive tillers/ plant and panicle width.