This document discusses agricultural extension and rural advisory service policies in East Africa and their alignment with the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) framework. It provides an overview of policy definitions and different forms of extension policies that exist in sub-Saharan Africa. Examples from Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda are given that show factors affecting policy formulation, policy contents which typically address service delivery models, funding, and regulation. The document emphasizes that effective policy requires input from stakeholders and evidence-based development as well as alignment with initiatives like CAADP to help strengthen agricultural extension in the region.

1. Agricultural Extension and Rural
Advisory Services Policies
review in (East) Africa and their
alignment to the CAADP
framework
Oladele O I
Professor of Agricultural Extension
South Africa

2. Introduction
Policy has been generally and variously defined as :
a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization
or individual;
a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes,
a statement of intent, framework for operations and practices, and
legal framework (Oladele 2011, 2012, GFRAS 2012, Suleiman and Hall
2005).
.Oladele (2012) stated the dearth of extension policy in sub-Saharan
African (SSA) countries
Different forms of extension policy in sub-Saharan African countries
are provisional extension policies, decrees and proclamation and
legislated extension policy,
GFRAS through the Nairobi 2011 and Manila 2012 declarations and
other alliances as the frontiers of knowledge in RAS process have
gained the attention of the research and development world on the
need for RAS policy

3. Introduction
Policy beliefs have been neglected in the literature
on agricultural policy-making
Donors and domestic policy makers hold
fundamentally different policy beliefs in Ghana and
Uganda (Mockshell and Birner 2015)
Globally, the advocate and proponents of RAS policy
are stressing the need for many governments and
organizations to move from “opinion-based policy”
towards “evidence-based policy.
This is mainly due to the fact that the policy-making
process is inherently political and, that the
processes through which evidence translates into
policy options often fails to meet required quality

4. Introduction
Extension policy is different from extension
models and approaches
Policy development is different from policy
review and strengthening
Strategy is on off shoot of policy

7. Policy
formulation

8. Factors affecting policy formulation

14. Kenya
The vision of this policy is to have “ The Kenyan agricultural extension clientele
demanding and accessing appropriate quality extension services from the best providers
and attain higher productivity, increased incomes and improved standard of living”
National Agricultural Sector Extension Policy (NASEP)(policy formulation)
Developed by Key stakeholders with the objective of making extension service delivery
more effective and efficient.
Has Strong focus on promotion of pluralistic and demand driven extension service.
Addresses funding modalities and regulation of extension services
Establishes legal mechanisms and organs for regulation
Policy Validation
The document was subjected to Two National Stakeholder Workshops with
participants drawn from
Government
Public institutions, commodity parastatals, universities, colleges and research
institutions
Private sector institutions (producers, processors and exporters
Individuals (farmers and fisher folk)
NGOs
Development partners
The policy was subjected to all necessary parliamentary procedures

15. Tanzania

19. Uganda

24. Policy Contents
Policy Monitoring and Evaluation
Indicators
Policy development process

26. Extension finance

27. Policy alignment to
CAADP

30. Thank you for your
attention
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