The document discusses various sources of waste discharge from offshore oil and gas activities and their potential impacts. It covers waste from drilling activities like drilling muds and cuttings, produced water, emissions from production and processing. Seismic surveys are also mentioned as a source of underwater noise that can harm marine life. The objectives are to protect the environment, ecosystems, and endangered species while preventing toxic discharge into the oceans from offshore oil and gas operations.
This presentation is created and presented in order to term presentation of ENV719 Water Quality Management Class of Hacettepe University, Dept. of Environmental Engineering.
Presenter - Berk Duruturk
Regulatory Framework for Carbon Dioxide Sub-seabed Storage - Safety and Poten...Global CCS Institute
Presentation delivered to a Global CCS Institute symposium on Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for CCS in Tokyo on 3 September 2013.
Presentation by Office of Marine Environment, Water Environment Division, Environmental Management Bureau, Ministry of Environment Japan.
This presentation is created and presented in order to term presentation of ENV719 Water Quality Management Class of Hacettepe University, Dept. of Environmental Engineering.
Presenter - Berk Duruturk
Regulatory Framework for Carbon Dioxide Sub-seabed Storage - Safety and Poten...Global CCS Institute
Presentation delivered to a Global CCS Institute symposium on Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for CCS in Tokyo on 3 September 2013.
Presentation by Office of Marine Environment, Water Environment Division, Environmental Management Bureau, Ministry of Environment Japan.
Concentration Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aroma...Scientific Review SR
The ecological risk assessment of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in water and sediments of Kolo creek, Niger Delta Nigeria was assessed the samples were collected from November, 2018 to June, 2019 from seven locations (A-G) along the creek. The samples were extracted using standard methods and analyzed using gas chromatography (model: HP5890 S). The concentrations of the PAHs in the water and sediment samples ranged between 0.000 - 9.239 µ/L and .002 – 374.35µg/Kg respectively. All the compounds analyzed were detected in all the sampling places, even area far from the flow stations. Hence, the urban runoffs, sewage discharges, and agricultural activities are implicated. Four rings hydrocarbon were present in higher concentration when compared to other PAHs in all sampling sites, with benz (a)anthracene having the highest values in both matrixes. Similarly, lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were present in lower concentrations in all sampling sites and they are known to exhibit higher lethal toxicity than the larger PAHs. HMW were present in high concentrations than LMW and are persistent in the environment as a result of their increase resistance to oxidation, reduction and vaporization as molecular weight increases. Similarly, The PAFs of the investigated creek is less than 5%, suggesting existences of minor ecological risks that are insignificance. However, the TEQs detected in high molecular weight showed that there is possibility of cancer to those who may be exposed to the bottom sediment. The indices measured in this habitat may put more pressures to the aquatic organisms and cause drastic changes to their ecosystem which may lead to species extinction.
CLIMATE CHANGE CONGRESS
OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.(CCCP)
POSITION PAPER ON THE PHILEX MINING DISASTER
pp.1-6
Room 1 Bonifacio Hall, UP SOLAIR, Diliman, Quezon City
Phone no. (632) 385-5638 / Email address: climatechangecongress.org
The U.S. Department of Interior will make a decision on whether they plan to lease the North Aleutian Basin (Bristol Bay) for offshore oil and gas drilling that could jeopardize fisheries, wildlife and the communities they support while offering few jobs and benefits to local residents.
Be Involved: Attend a presentation and discussion! Hear the facts, discuss the proposal, and learn how to comment to decision-makers by the September 21st comments deadline. There will be refreshments, information and a chance to sound off! It’s free and open to the public.
Tuesday August 25th: 7pm @ the Sand Point City Council Chambers
If you cannot join in person, call in by teleconference!
Call toll free: 866-469-3239, passcode 56213498.
Questions or need more information? Visit www.protectfishing.wordpress.com
Sponsored by World Wildlife Fund
This study aimed to challenge the mission of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau that Mining Shall Be Pro People and Pro Environment in Sustaining Wealth Creation and Improved Quality of Life. To assess the Maricalum Mining Corporation MMC areas, including the tailing pan, open pit, drilling and blasting, watershed, residential, and mine foot. Utilized the qualitative research design using the direct observation, documentary analysis of the reports on the mining operation, particularly the “Geohazard assessment of areas located along the Calat an River in Barangay Baclao, Cauayan and Barangay Cartagena, Sipalay City. The study revealed that the community needs to implement the cleanup activity to the abandoned mine waste to restore the ecological system of nature. Furthermore, the condition of the subject areas arrived in devising an appropriate removal and disposal plan for the destructive mining waste materials from the vast regions. The MGB utilized the fact finding results as the basis for the action taken on dangerous mining wastes. The plan was submitted to the MGB 6 and in the national office for perusal and approval. Jean Benedicto Pauyon | Engr. Jerome G. Mongcal | Leo C. Naparota | Johana J. Abdula | Rogelio A. Lovina, Jr. | Delmer A. Mondido | Allan Z. Caw-It "Mine Waste: A Social Deviance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42535.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/strategic-management/42535/mine-waste-a-social-deviance/jean-benedicto-pauyon
Implementing and learning from nutrition-sensitive fish agri-food systems, e....WorldFish
Worldfish: Nutrition Sensitive Fish Agri-Food Systems Workshop, presented by Absalom Sakala, Principal Environment Management Officer, Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental Protection
Established in 1972 to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters by preventing point and non-point pollution sources, providing assistance to publicly owned treatment works for the improvement of waste water treatment, and maintaining the integrity of wetlands.
FAQs associated with produced mercury in oil and gas addressing issues and concerns for E&P, midstream, downstream and petrochemical sectors. This is series 1 of a multi-part series planned for publication. We are happy to address questions from contacts, followers and our readers.
Concentration Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aroma...Scientific Review SR
The ecological risk assessment of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in water and sediments of Kolo creek, Niger Delta Nigeria was assessed the samples were collected from November, 2018 to June, 2019 from seven locations (A-G) along the creek. The samples were extracted using standard methods and analyzed using gas chromatography (model: HP5890 S). The concentrations of the PAHs in the water and sediment samples ranged between 0.000 - 9.239 µ/L and .002 – 374.35µg/Kg respectively. All the compounds analyzed were detected in all the sampling places, even area far from the flow stations. Hence, the urban runoffs, sewage discharges, and agricultural activities are implicated. Four rings hydrocarbon were present in higher concentration when compared to other PAHs in all sampling sites, with benz (a)anthracene having the highest values in both matrixes. Similarly, lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were present in lower concentrations in all sampling sites and they are known to exhibit higher lethal toxicity than the larger PAHs. HMW were present in high concentrations than LMW and are persistent in the environment as a result of their increase resistance to oxidation, reduction and vaporization as molecular weight increases. Similarly, The PAFs of the investigated creek is less than 5%, suggesting existences of minor ecological risks that are insignificance. However, the TEQs detected in high molecular weight showed that there is possibility of cancer to those who may be exposed to the bottom sediment. The indices measured in this habitat may put more pressures to the aquatic organisms and cause drastic changes to their ecosystem which may lead to species extinction.
CLIMATE CHANGE CONGRESS
OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.(CCCP)
POSITION PAPER ON THE PHILEX MINING DISASTER
pp.1-6
Room 1 Bonifacio Hall, UP SOLAIR, Diliman, Quezon City
Phone no. (632) 385-5638 / Email address: climatechangecongress.org
The U.S. Department of Interior will make a decision on whether they plan to lease the North Aleutian Basin (Bristol Bay) for offshore oil and gas drilling that could jeopardize fisheries, wildlife and the communities they support while offering few jobs and benefits to local residents.
Be Involved: Attend a presentation and discussion! Hear the facts, discuss the proposal, and learn how to comment to decision-makers by the September 21st comments deadline. There will be refreshments, information and a chance to sound off! It’s free and open to the public.
Tuesday August 25th: 7pm @ the Sand Point City Council Chambers
If you cannot join in person, call in by teleconference!
Call toll free: 866-469-3239, passcode 56213498.
Questions or need more information? Visit www.protectfishing.wordpress.com
Sponsored by World Wildlife Fund
This study aimed to challenge the mission of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau that Mining Shall Be Pro People and Pro Environment in Sustaining Wealth Creation and Improved Quality of Life. To assess the Maricalum Mining Corporation MMC areas, including the tailing pan, open pit, drilling and blasting, watershed, residential, and mine foot. Utilized the qualitative research design using the direct observation, documentary analysis of the reports on the mining operation, particularly the “Geohazard assessment of areas located along the Calat an River in Barangay Baclao, Cauayan and Barangay Cartagena, Sipalay City. The study revealed that the community needs to implement the cleanup activity to the abandoned mine waste to restore the ecological system of nature. Furthermore, the condition of the subject areas arrived in devising an appropriate removal and disposal plan for the destructive mining waste materials from the vast regions. The MGB utilized the fact finding results as the basis for the action taken on dangerous mining wastes. The plan was submitted to the MGB 6 and in the national office for perusal and approval. Jean Benedicto Pauyon | Engr. Jerome G. Mongcal | Leo C. Naparota | Johana J. Abdula | Rogelio A. Lovina, Jr. | Delmer A. Mondido | Allan Z. Caw-It "Mine Waste: A Social Deviance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42535.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/strategic-management/42535/mine-waste-a-social-deviance/jean-benedicto-pauyon
Implementing and learning from nutrition-sensitive fish agri-food systems, e....WorldFish
Worldfish: Nutrition Sensitive Fish Agri-Food Systems Workshop, presented by Absalom Sakala, Principal Environment Management Officer, Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental Protection
Established in 1972 to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters by preventing point and non-point pollution sources, providing assistance to publicly owned treatment works for the improvement of waste water treatment, and maintaining the integrity of wetlands.
FAQs associated with produced mercury in oil and gas addressing issues and concerns for E&P, midstream, downstream and petrochemical sectors. This is series 1 of a multi-part series planned for publication. We are happy to address questions from contacts, followers and our readers.
This powerpoint presentation deals with the types of coastal/marine pollution, its causes and sources, coastal pollution in the world, coastal pollution in India, causes of coastal pollution in India and its impacts.
A non invasive sampling and remediation strategy was developed and implemented at shoreline contaminated
with spilt diesel. To treat the contamination, in a practical, cost-effective, and safe manner (to personnel
working on the stockpiles and their ship loading activity), a non-invasive sampling and
remediation strategy was designed and implemented since the location and nature of the impacted geology
(rock fill) and sediment, precluded conventional ex-situ and any in-situ treatment where drilling is
required. A bioremediation process using surfactant, and added N & P and increased aeration, increased
the degradation rate allowing the site owner to meet their regulatory obligations. Petroleum hydrocarbons
decreased from saturation concentrations to less than detectable amounts at the completion of
treatment.
Evaluating Water Quality in the Oil and Gas Exploitation Regions within the E...ijtsrd
The physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in produced water effluent and receiving Ugborodo river in Escravos of the Niger Delta was evaluated. The sampling technique applied was purposive which was designed in descriptive statistical manner involving means and standard deviations, to ensure that all the parameters analysed were effectively recorded and presented accurately. Samples were collected at three points namely produced water effluent at point of discharge, and Upstream and Downstream of the receiving river for comparisons. Findings revealed that pH 7.37 , temperature 31ºC , total suspended solids 36mg l and biochemical oxygen demand 152mg l are within the permissible limit as regulated by Department of Petroleum Resources DPR . The corresponding results of the upstream and downstream samples are also in line and therefore no considerable environmental concern to the ecosystem. However, salinity 9396mg l , turbidity 50NTU , total dissolved solids 11409mg l , chemical oxygen demand 215mg l and total hydrocarbon content 35mg l analyses results indicate slightly higher values than the permissible limits. These higher values could lead to environmental concerns over time therefore, it is recommended that further treatment of the produced water to meet regulatory standards is necessary before discharging to the environment. There is therefore the need to improve treatment facilities, procedures, enforcing compliance and strict supervision to meet standards before discharging of produced water effluent into the environment. In conclusion, this study has created the awareness of the possible environmental impact that may arise from the continuous discharge of produced water effluent that is less than adequate in treatment and management into the Ugborodo river in Escravos, Delta State in the Niger delta. Igonikon, Abariowua Chidiadi | S. A. Ngah | C. L. Eze "Evaluating Water Quality in the Oil and Gas Exploitation Regions within the Excravos River Catchment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47758.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/47758/evaluating-water-quality-in-the-oil-and-gas-exploitation-regions-within-the-excravos-river-catchment/igonikon-abariowua-chidiadi
Water Pollution and Its Adverse Effect on Biodiversity in Ship Breaking Area...Adib Bin Rashid
Shipbreaking has obtained great importance in the micro and macro economy of poverty-stricken Bangladesh for being a profitable industry in spite of having a number of environmental and human health hazards.
This study focuses on the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industry of Bangladesh to evaluate the pollution in water
and measure the adverse effect on biodiversity. Here the water quality parameters like pH, Salinity, Alkalinity,
Hardness, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Pb,
Cr, Cd, Fe concentrations of the sea water of shipbreaking yards of Bhatiary, pond water and tube well water has
analyzed. Turbidity during tide-1 was observed 2624 NTU where the standard value is 5 NTU. Similarly, BOD was
measured about 11.30 mg/l which was above the permissible limit in the seawater during tide-2. Value of Pb was
about 0.07018 mg/l in seawater during tide-1 which is above the permitted limit. The elevated level of different physicochemical parameters and heavy metal is a serious threat for pollution not only for the biodiversity but also
for the environment. Evaluation of water pollution in water bodies by the establishment of ship breaking industry
was assessed by comparing these data with WHO and BSTI standard and evaluation of the adverse effect on biodiversity was established by observing the range of the parameters measured from the water bodies.
Detection of the Presence of Heavy Metal Pollutants in Eleme Industrial Area ...theijes
The presenceof some heavy metal pollutants which are deposited on soil in the Eleme environment due to the operational activities of some companies in the area have been studied. Some soil samples in areas situated around industrial installations were collected and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained show the presence and concentration distributions of nine heavy metals. The metals are Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co) and Cadmium (Cd). It was observed that over 90% of each of the metals was located in communities hosting the industrial corporations while the remaining 10% is distributed to areas away from the source or host communities. This reveals that, a link exists between the pollutants and the activities of these industries.
6. ESIA Training Myanmar: Offshore oil and gas – Key biodiversity risks and m...Ethical Sector
On 19/20 March, two biodiversity, business and human rights events were organised by MCRB in Yangon: a multistakeholder consultation on the draft Briefing Paper, and a training session conducted by a number of international experts on biodiversity and environmental impact assessment (EIA) for around 70 representatives from companies, particularly EIA consultancies.
Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/reinforcing-connections.html
A non invasive sampling and remediation strategy was developed and implemented at shoreline contaminated
with spilt diesel. To treat the contamination, in a practical, cost-effective, and safe manner (to personnel
working on the stockpiles and their ship loading activity), a non-invasive sampling and
remediation strategy was designed and implemented since the location and nature of the impacted geology
(rock fill) and sediment, precluded conventional ex-situ and any in-situ treatment where drilling is
required. A bioremediation process using surfactant, and added N & P and increased aeration, increased
the degradation rate allowing the site owner to meet their regulatory obligations. Petroleum hydrocarbons
decreased from saturation concentrations to less than detectable amounts at the completion of
treatment.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Getting started with Amazon Bedrock Studio and Control Tower
Offshore jack ups middle east 2014 01-final
1. Mrs. Allister Lim Rochstad
Mst. Env. Engineer
Water waster water and hazardous waste
TuffChem Environmental Services Pte. Ltd.,
Singapore
The impact of waste discharge on
ecological system in offshore oil and
gas activity
1
5.
Our planet’s population will continue to grown and
between 2010 and 2025, global population will grow by
more than 1.1 Billion people. Now about 6B which
means would expect about 7 billion by 2025.
Global demand for liquid hydrocarbons will continue to
grow annually by 1.2% on average and will , and
estimate, reach 105mb/d by 2025 -fuel and hi-tech
5
Population increase demand of
hydrocarbon will increase
6.
6
Environment Registration
GLOBAL LEVEL
UNCLOS, 82
(Framework for all activities at sea)
London, 72
(Framework Prev.
Poll. Dumping)
Marpol, 73/78
(Rules Prev. Poll. Ships,
Incl. surveillance)
OPRC, 90 (Framework
Poll. Prep. & Response)
REGIONAL LEVEL
Bonn/Copenhagen
(Rules Poll. Prep. &
Response, Incl. surveillance)
Helsinki/Barcelona
(Rules Prev. Poll.
Prep. & Response)
surveillance)
OSPAR
(Rules Prev. Dumping
& Offshore discharges)
Implementation at national & EU level
8. API Feb 1,2012 - Spill
response in the arctic
Offshore -01
reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill
response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region
north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential
impacts in U.S. waters.
This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment
of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an
effective response effort in these challenging conditions.
According to the report, a full range of proven oil spill response
technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on
people and sensitive ecosystems.
This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data
and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important
operational and logistical issues
8
9.
U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west
of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that
is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is
increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger
areas of open water due to climate change.
Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of
ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is
vulnerable to damage from human activities. As
oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities
increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also
increase. http://www.marineinsight.com/shipping-news/responding-oil-spills-u-s-arctic-marine-environment/
9
API Feb 1,2012 Spill response in the arctic
Offshore -02
10.
Spill response on Arctic Offshore –Feb 2, 2012
Covers response on:
Airborne particulars
In-Situ burning control
Physical and chemical dispersion of oil
Containment and Recovery
Shoreline Protections and clean up
10
API Feb 1, 2012 Spill response in the arctic
Offshore -03
11.
In the nutshell they are talking about:
Protecting the environment
Protecting the life of eco-system and endanger
species
Preventing toxic discharge.
11
Objectives of the document
12. Source of Waste discharge
Construction –cleaning and commissioning
Geological and geophysical survey (seismic survey, test
drilling)
Exploration (rig emplacement, drilling, plugging the well
and others)
Development and productions Platform emplacement,
pipe laying, drilling, hydrocarbon extraction, separation,
and transportation, well and pipeline maintenance )
Decommissioning (disassembling, structure removal)
12
13.
Biosphere – impact to environment, human and species
Atmospheric: -toxic gas emission
Aquatic : - reduce aquatic microorganism, species, and flora
Terrestrial : soil erosion, coastal degradation
Human, socio-economical and Cultural
13
Impact of waste
14.
Mostly localized
Occasionally oceanic over flow
14
Impact of waste
discharge
15. Common source of waste
Drilling : - Drilling fluids, cutting and well treatment
chemical
Produced Water contaminated with oil and chemical (from
production platform)
Exploration –seismic disturbance
offshore oil rigs – process, wash and drainage water
Sanitary waste and refuse.
Offshore pipelines
Spill and leakage
Cooling water
Accidental discharge (consequence of blowout, damage
of pipelines, discharges due to flaring.
15
16.
Oil based -OBM
Water base WBM
Synthetic (SBM)
16
Drilling Mud/fluids
17. Effect of Drilling fluid -01
Usage :
1. lubrication and cooling of drill bit and pipe.
2. Remove cuttings from bottom of the oil well and help to prevent
blowouts by acting as sealants.
There are different types of drilling muds used in oil drilling
operations, all released toxic chemicals, heavy metals, (mercury,
benzene, arsenic, toluene) that can affect marine life, is just the
limit of toxicity, although current DM are more environmental
friendly.
Drilling muds account to the larges inventory discharge in the
offshore activities.
17
18. Gulf of Mexico Mercury from
drilling mud
1996 US Dept. Interior Minerals Management
Services:-
Study of 3 rigs in the Gulf Of Mexico reveal that sediments within a few
hundred feet of the rigs contained mercury level many time higher than
base level in the Gulf of Mexico sediments.
Data showed indicated shrimps and fish caught beneath and near by the
rigs contained mercury, which scientists attributed to mercury
contamination in and around the rigs to drilling muds .
Fishes and shrimp could enter the human food supply and threatens public
health.
Mercury contamination is now on of the most talk about business in
decommissioning and shutdown cleaning process.
18
19. Drilling –drilling fluid discharge -02
NADFs –non-aqueous drilling fluids.
New technical challenges in offshore drilling have led to the
requirement of drilling fluids which exceed those of water based
fluids. Such as:
Directional drilling and Extended reach drilling require
higher lubricity, stability at high temp and well-bored stability.
In 2012 companies discharged 20523 tons of NADF
into the sea these include Group 1 (diesel and
conventional mineral oil) and Group 2 (low toxicity
mineral oil) (OGP data series report 2012e Nov, 2013)
19
20. Drilling fluids -03
G-01 -Earlier NADFs use diesel or crude oil as base
fluid, (more toxic)
G-02 - Later –mineral oils
G-03 More recently – use low toxicity mineral oil
based fluids, refined mineral oils and synthetic fluids
(ester, paraffin and olefins)
These fluid are less toxic due to reduced concentration
of aromatics compounds and are less persistent in the
environment.
20
21. SBM –SYNTHETIC FLUIDS -04 (-01)
REGULATED BY:
EPA the discharge WBMs
1. discharge is a lot at the well site provided they pass
the mysid shrimp toxicity test [LC50 for 30,000ppm
suspended particulate phase.
2. Free of crude and diesel oil contaminants
3. Benthic toxicity of muds and crude oil contamination
(API and NOIA(national Ocean industry Ass)
21
22. Synthetic fluid-04 (02)
Made from:
alpha olefin [LAOs], isomerized olefins [Ios]
Polyalphaolefins [PAOs] and ester.
SBMS is used as invert emulsion based muds.
Low toxicity provides :
Improve worker safety
Reduces environmental hazards
Lessen fugitive emission of PAH [polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons]
22
23.
Water Based muds & Cutting
Affect benthic organisms through smothering to a
distance of 25 meter from discharge
Affect species diversity to 100 meter from discharge
Oil Based muds & Cutting
Effect benthic organisms through elevated
hydrocarbon levels up to 800 meter from discharge.
23
Impact Ocean discharge
24. Effect of Production water
These are fluid trapped underground and brought up with oil and gas,
these contains it own toxic brew of benzene, arsenic, lead, toluene and
other radioactive pollution.
It is the most significant discharge in E&P operations. It is measure by the
amount of oil in waster.
2012- average centration of oil in PW was 6.8mg/L onshore and 14.1
mg/L . (expressed in term of oil production : - there are 7 tons of oil in
every 1,00,000 tons of hydrocarbon produced.
According to OGP report, the average concentration of oil in produced
water discharged increased 14% in 2012 in comparison to 2011
Average Quantity of discharged per unit of hydrocarbon production
increased by 10%.
24
25.
Constituents may include: inorganic salts, heavy metals,
solids, production chemicals, hydrocarbons, benzene, PAHs
and sometime radioactive material (NORM).
Impact is highly depend on quantity, the components, the
receiving environment and its dispersion characteristics.
An average oil and gas exploration well spews roughly 50
tons of nitrogen oxides, 13 tons of carbon monoxide, 6 tons
of sulfur oxides and 5 tons of VOC (Volatile organic
compound)
25
Impact – produced water
26. Seismic
surveys/exploration
Surveys require ship tow with air gun that emit
thousands of high-DB explosive impulses to map the
seafloor.
1. Sounds, vibrations have killed fish eggs and larvae, and
impair hearing of fishes –
2. Making them vulnerable to predators, disrupt the displace
important migratory patterns, pushing marine life away from
suitable habitats such as foraging, mating, spawning, and
migratory corridors (MMS.2008, Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea Planning Areas: Oil & Gas
leads sales)
3. It also implicated in whale beaching and stranding incidents.
(Heldebrand,JohnA :Impacts of anthropogenic Sound”)
26
27. Gaseous emissions
Sources
Flaring, venting, and purging gases
Combustion process - turbine and engine operation
Fluids processing and fugitive losses (from pumps,
pipe etcs).
Type of gas: Sulfur dioxide, Nitric oxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Volatile organic compound, Green house gas
–CO2, Methane, carbon monoxide
27
28. Flaring, venting and combustion
Flaring and oil leaks are dangerous to birds. Birds
may incinerated by the flare and bird killed from the
oil pollution.
These are the primary sources of CO2 emission from
production operation.
28
29. World resource Institute
“gas emission from E&P”
Methane -1991 – 26 x 106 tons = 10% of global emission
Nox, CO, Sox from North sea – less then 1% of the emission
generated within EU.
VOC =less then 2% of the total EU emissions.
29
30. Ecological impact -01
change of habitation, food, nutrient supplies,
breeding areas
Migration routes
Vulnerability to predator or changes in herbivore
grazing pattern
Soil disturbance and removal of vegetation
Erosion and siltation will impact on ecological
integrity, may lead to indirect effects by upsetting
nutrient balances and microbial activity in the soil.
30
31.
If not controlled, a potential long-term effect is loss of
habitat which affects both fauna and flora.
Reduces food chain for all involved including
humans.
Toxicity of fisheries will in parallel pass on to human
when consumed.
May induce changes in species composition and
primary production cycles.
31
Ecological impact -02
35.
35
Framework of parameter for disposal options
ECONOMIC OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
Immediate costs Safety Air emissions from drilling and
supporting operations
$/m3 for disposal Human health
issues/chemical exposure
Power requirements
Energy cost Processing rate Reduction in volume of waste
Maintenance cost Mechanical reliability By-products of process
Labor cost Size and portability of
unit (s)
Compliance with regulations
Equipment cost Space availability Receiving physical environment
Transportation costs Energy requirements Marine species potentially at risk
Disposal costs of end
Condition of end
products
products
Potential environmental stressors
Future liabilities Method of disposal after
processing
Removal of hydrocarbons, heavy
metals and salts from solids and water
Weather conditions Risk for spills
Availability of
appropriate
facilities/infrastructure
Environmental issues at onshore site
including potential impact to ground
and surface water
36.
36
Enviroment. registration
GLOBAL LEVEL
UNCLOS, 82
(Framework for all activities at sea)
London, 72
(Framework Prev.
Poll. Dumping)
Marpol, 73/78
(Rules Prev. Poll. Ships,
Incl. surveillance)
OPRC, 90 (Framework
Poll. Prep. & Response)
REGIONAL LEVEL
Bonn/Copenhagen
(Rules Poll. Prep. &
Response, Incl. surveillance)
Helsinki/Barcelona
(Rules Prev. Poll.
Prep. & Response)
surveillance)
OSPAR
(Rules Prev. Dumping
& Offshore discharges)
Implementation at national & EU level
37.
Appropriate international and national laws,
regulations and guidelines
Legislation with clearly defined responsibilities and
appropriate liabilities
Enforceable standards for operations
Appropriate monitoring procedures and protocol
Performance reporting's
Adequately funded and motivated enforcement
authorities.
37
Regulatory frame work-02
38.
Existence of adequate consultation and appeal
procedures and
Appropriate sanctions and political will for their
enforcement.
38
Regulatory frame work-02
39. International and regional
Montreal Protocol of the Vienna convention
Basel convention
Convention of Migratory Species
Framework Convention on Climate Change
Bio diversity Convention
UN Law of the Sea
MARPOL
Regional Sea Conventions (Barcelona, OSPAR,
Kuwait, etcs.
frame works
39
Some important international environmental conventions
40.
40
Governance from Int’l bodies, convention
Legal basis
Discharge in Sea
WBF & Cuttings
SBF
Cuttings
Oily Cuttings
Produced Water
(Oil in Water
Limit)
OSPAR
Convention[8]
(North Sea countries)
Discharge allowed
under PARCOM
1 mg/kg 1 mg/kg
40 mg/l now
30 mg/l by 2006
Baltic Sea
Convention and
HELCOM[4]
standards
Discharge allowed
based on
HELCOM
Recommendation
No. 95/1
Not
determined
HELCOM
Recommendation
No. 95/1
15 mg/l max;
40 mg/l if BAT
cannot achieve 15
mg/l
KUWAIT
Convention and
Protocols
(Red Sea region)
Discharge allowed
based on UNEP:
Kuwait Protocol
on protection from
Pollution[6]
Not
determined
Discharge
allowed under
Kuwait Protocol
on a case by case
basis
40 mg/l
100 mg/l max
Barcelona
Convention and
Protocols
(Mediterranean
countries)
Discharge allowed
under Barcelona
Protocol[2]
Not
determined
100 g/kg
40 mg/l
100 mg/l max
41.
Industry guidelines on environment
Common legislation that may apply.
Infrastructures needed for environmental protection
EMS
41
others
42. Ingredients for Success
The success of our industry as whole more than ever
will require:
• Investment in people and technology
• Superior management and deployment of capital
• Highest standards of Health, Safety and Environment
• Social Responsibility and Ethics as part of the
Business Model
25
MILLS Increasing
demand for steel, rigs,
supplies
MONEY
$20 trillion until 2030
IEA Energy Outlook
MINDS
Rapidly aging HR base,
42
43. UN Global Compact Principles
TheWPC supports the 10 principles for business sustainability of the United Nations
Global Compact. There are 183 oil and gas participants, including most majors, large
independents, national companies and services companies.
The WPC supports the 10 principles for business sustainability of the United Nations Global Compact.
Human Rights
•Principle 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human
rights; and
•Principle 2: make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses.
Labour
•Principle 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the
right to collective bargaining;
•Principle 4: the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour;
•Principle 5: the effective abolition of child labour; and
•Principle 6: the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
Environment
•Principle 7: Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges;
•Principle 8: undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; and
•Principle 9: encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies.
Anti-Corruption
•Principle 10: Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery4.3