Essential HVAC-R Maintenance Tips for Optimal Performance and Longevitypbearmaintenace
Maintaining your HVAC-R (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration) systems is crucial for ensuring their optimal performance and extending their lifespan. Regular maintenance not only enhances the efficiency of these systems but also helps in preventing unexpected breakdowns and costly repairs. Here are some essential tips to keep your HVAC-R systems in top condition.
HVAC systems are essential for enhancing indoor air quality (IAQ) by utilizing filtration, ventilation, humidity control, air purification, and temperature control. By incorporating advanced technologies and regular maintenance, HVAC systems can significantly improve IAQ, promoting healthier indoor environments and overall well-being.
Essential HVAC-R Maintenance Tips for Optimal Performance and Longevitypbearmaintenace
Maintaining your HVAC-R (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration) systems is crucial for ensuring their optimal performance and extending their lifespan. Regular maintenance not only enhances the efficiency of these systems but also helps in preventing unexpected breakdowns and costly repairs. Here are some essential tips to keep your HVAC-R systems in top condition.
HVAC systems are essential for enhancing indoor air quality (IAQ) by utilizing filtration, ventilation, humidity control, air purification, and temperature control. By incorporating advanced technologies and regular maintenance, HVAC systems can significantly improve IAQ, promoting healthier indoor environments and overall well-being.
In the modern world, where comfort is king, the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system reigns supreme. From homes to offices, malls to hospitals, HVAC systems play a pivotal role in ensuring our comfort and well-being. But what exactly are HVAC systems, and why are they so essential? Let's delve into the world of HVAC and uncover its importance and functionality.
Guide HVAC Systems: Basics, How They Work, and HVAC TypesChandresh Chudasama
Explore the basics of HVAC systems, how they work, and the different types in this comprehensive guide on HVAC System Guide. HVAC, which is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, is no less crucial than this, as it defines how heat is viewed and controlled in indoor spaces.
Installations require regular maintenance, especially when it comes to HVAC systems. Heating and air conditioning service when not maintained or cleaned over the period, its performance starts to slip, and eventually, the entire system fails.HVAC cleaning is crucial if one doesn’t plan on breaking their bank on heating system replacements. Regular maintenance ensures HVAC delivers consistent and uphold performance with an enhanced lifespan of the system.
Process Control Fundamentals and How to read P&IDsAhmed Deyab
Types of Process Control, Feedback control, feed-forward control loops, ratio control loop, split range control. How to read Piping and Instrumentation Diagram for Process Engineers
This is a general idea discussion, how we can improve our control methods by adding some control elements in conventional control loops (specially in solid fuel boilers)
In the modern world, where comfort is king, the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system reigns supreme. From homes to offices, malls to hospitals, HVAC systems play a pivotal role in ensuring our comfort and well-being. But what exactly are HVAC systems, and why are they so essential? Let's delve into the world of HVAC and uncover its importance and functionality.
Guide HVAC Systems: Basics, How They Work, and HVAC TypesChandresh Chudasama
Explore the basics of HVAC systems, how they work, and the different types in this comprehensive guide on HVAC System Guide. HVAC, which is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, is no less crucial than this, as it defines how heat is viewed and controlled in indoor spaces.
Installations require regular maintenance, especially when it comes to HVAC systems. Heating and air conditioning service when not maintained or cleaned over the period, its performance starts to slip, and eventually, the entire system fails.HVAC cleaning is crucial if one doesn’t plan on breaking their bank on heating system replacements. Regular maintenance ensures HVAC delivers consistent and uphold performance with an enhanced lifespan of the system.
Process Control Fundamentals and How to read P&IDsAhmed Deyab
Types of Process Control, Feedback control, feed-forward control loops, ratio control loop, split range control. How to read Piping and Instrumentation Diagram for Process Engineers
This is a general idea discussion, how we can improve our control methods by adding some control elements in conventional control loops (specially in solid fuel boilers)
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. HVAC
It is abbreviated as Heating, Ventilation,
and Air Conditioning System.
Being interconnected and grouped
together, this mechanical system
provides thermal comfort and air quality
in an indoor space.
The System includes Boilers, Heat
Pumps, Chillers and Air Conditioners
and Packaged System.
3.
4. HVAC O&M
HVAC operations and maintenance
("O&M").
These are the practices, which keeps
the mechanical systems to work at a
high performance during the life time of
the building.
A perfect designer can make the
process easy the maintain the
comfortable thermal system.
HVAC O&M is measured in terms of
5.
6. Performance Measure
The HVAC system must offer thermal comfort
continuously, at the energy use specified in
the design for the building.
Continuous commissioning is the best
operation that improves the energy
performance by 20%.
It also improves the comfort at the equivalent
time.
But, the main thing is design of the HVAC
system. The perfect design will make the
system to execute properly.
As the technology improves, performance can
7.
8. Operations Manuals
High quality operations are ensured by good
design process and regular maintenance.
The designer first of all have to create a
manual for the operating staffs which specifies
the intent clear design, maintenance list,
replacement palms and all other necessary
things.
The manual should clearly explain the
parameters that are conducted during
commissioning.
Without manual, the work is never effective as
it may cause many troubleshoot to the
9.
10. Maintenance Schedules
Maintenance plays the important role in O&M
manual.
Schedules for duct filer and all other
component cleaning, replacing must be
specified and followed to have ensure better
energy use and comfort as well.
Performance of the system have to be
measured monthly or quarterly, which helps
the operators to collect information for the
further use.
Some buildings are built up with the
automation systems, which records status of
11. Flexibility and Occupant
Behavior
It is important to cope with the
requirements of the users by ensuring
the safety and efficiency.
Arrival heater and desk fans to the
customer’s place is an indication of the
failure of the HVAC system, which fails
to satisfy the customer’s need.
This denotes the faults or changes in the
original HVAC design and finally results
in the product change for the occupant’s
12. Filter Cleaning &
Replacement
Filters plays the important role in the Air
conditioning system.
They must be cleaned periodically to keep the
energy and indoor air quality in a high range.
Some filters can be cleaned in simple ways
like spraying water or vacuuming.
Rest of them, needs replacement. Like filters
in the ducts, filters of the furnace, heating
pumps and other parts must be checked.
Filters requires regular cleaning in the HVAC
system, for a long time efficient performance.
13.
14. Cleaning Components
Like filters, other components in the system
needs regular cleaning as well.
Ducts must be inspected regularly for the
accumulation of the mold, dust and other
contaminants.
For best indoor air quality, they must cleaned
and inspected for the leakage, as it may
cause energy loss.
Coils with dust particles restricts the air flow
which in turn reduces the convective cooling
of the system.
Drains of the dehumidifying parts must be
checked, as it may cause the condensed
water to pool up and leaks in the building.
mold and mildew.
15.
16. Operation of Control Systems
Programmable Thermostat schedule the
heating and the cooling of the HVAC System.
Those Schedules must match the occupancy
and the activity of the system and must be
changed in accordance to the age of the
building.
Temperature, Occupancy, Humidity calculating
sensors should be checked regularly for the
proper operation.
Improper working Sensors may be
inconvenience to the users.
Improperly tuned control system are manually
17. Diagrams
Diagram for Duct routing and control should
be created and kept for the assurance of
understanding.
It also helps in resolving troubleshoot
problems and improving the system
performance by regular upgrades.
HVAC units, sensors, ducts, air handling
components, controllers, and their
interconnection are specified in the system.
For better readability, sensors and control
diagrams are separated often.
18.
19. Thank you…!!
Thanks for reading the presentation.
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please visit AC Repair Local, Houston.
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