A Building Management System (BMS) controls and monitors a building's technical systems and services. It links individual equipment to operate as an integrated whole. Key benefits include improved tenant comfort, energy management to reduce costs, and tools to manage building ratings. Operational considerations include regular tuning, documentation, maintenance, and planning for the system lifecycle.
Optimizing Building Performance with Building Management Systems (BMS): Benef...Ashraf El Desoky
The document provides an overview of building management systems (BMS). It defines what a BMS is, what it does, and its benefits. A BMS is an intelligent microprocessor network that monitors and controls a building's technical systems. It links individual equipment to operate as an integrated system. A BMS provides control, monitoring, energy management and improves tenant comfort while reducing operational costs.
This document provides an introduction to building management systems (BMS). It defines a BMS as a computer-based system that controls and monitors a building's mechanical and electrical equipment. The document outlines the key components of a BMS, including central workstations, field devices, distributed control systems, and various hardware and software. It also discusses the functions of a BMS in controlling building operations, monitoring performance, and interacting with other systems.
Buildings require complex systems to manage heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting and other functions. A Building Management System (BMS) provides centralized monitoring and control of these various building systems. It allows facility managers to optimize energy usage, maintain comfortable conditions, and receive alerts about issues. A BMS integrates systems like HVAC, security and more. It monitors values from connected systems and schedules equipment to reduce costs while meeting needs. Open protocols allow for flexibility and future integration of new technologies.
A Building Management System (BMS) offers greater visibility and control of energy use. A fully integrated solution can have up to 84% of a building’s energy consuming devices directly under its control
Design of Industrial Automation Functional Specifications for PLCs, DCs and S...Living Online
This manual will be useful to both specifiers and implementers providing a theoretical grounding for preparing a control system functional specification for implementation on Industrial control systems consisting of PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers), HMI (Human Machine Interfaces / SCADA devices) or DCS (Distributed Control Systems).
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/design-industrial-automation-functional-specifications-plcs-dcss-and-scada-systems-15
This document discusses intelligent instrumentation and power plant training simulators. It describes how instrumentation in power plants has advanced from pneumatic to digital controls using field bus technologies. Intelligent instruments now have self-check and control capabilities. Power plant simulators provide realistic replicas of control rooms to train operators. Simulators allow operators to practice responding to malfunctions and other scenarios in a risk-free environment. They provide advantages like backtracking, initializing conditions, and evaluating trainee performance. Overall, intelligent instruments and simulators have enhanced power plant monitoring, control, and training.
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
Optimizing Building Performance with Building Management Systems (BMS): Benef...Ashraf El Desoky
The document provides an overview of building management systems (BMS). It defines what a BMS is, what it does, and its benefits. A BMS is an intelligent microprocessor network that monitors and controls a building's technical systems. It links individual equipment to operate as an integrated system. A BMS provides control, monitoring, energy management and improves tenant comfort while reducing operational costs.
This document provides an introduction to building management systems (BMS). It defines a BMS as a computer-based system that controls and monitors a building's mechanical and electrical equipment. The document outlines the key components of a BMS, including central workstations, field devices, distributed control systems, and various hardware and software. It also discusses the functions of a BMS in controlling building operations, monitoring performance, and interacting with other systems.
Buildings require complex systems to manage heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting and other functions. A Building Management System (BMS) provides centralized monitoring and control of these various building systems. It allows facility managers to optimize energy usage, maintain comfortable conditions, and receive alerts about issues. A BMS integrates systems like HVAC, security and more. It monitors values from connected systems and schedules equipment to reduce costs while meeting needs. Open protocols allow for flexibility and future integration of new technologies.
A Building Management System (BMS) offers greater visibility and control of energy use. A fully integrated solution can have up to 84% of a building’s energy consuming devices directly under its control
Design of Industrial Automation Functional Specifications for PLCs, DCs and S...Living Online
This manual will be useful to both specifiers and implementers providing a theoretical grounding for preparing a control system functional specification for implementation on Industrial control systems consisting of PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers), HMI (Human Machine Interfaces / SCADA devices) or DCS (Distributed Control Systems).
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/design-industrial-automation-functional-specifications-plcs-dcss-and-scada-systems-15
This document discusses intelligent instrumentation and power plant training simulators. It describes how instrumentation in power plants has advanced from pneumatic to digital controls using field bus technologies. Intelligent instruments now have self-check and control capabilities. Power plant simulators provide realistic replicas of control rooms to train operators. Simulators allow operators to practice responding to malfunctions and other scenarios in a risk-free environment. They provide advantages like backtracking, initializing conditions, and evaluating trainee performance. Overall, intelligent instruments and simulators have enhanced power plant monitoring, control, and training.
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
This document discusses the key aspects of electrical, measurement, and control (E/MC) engineering as they relate to project execution. It outlines the major tasks and considerations for each discipline. Electrical engineering involves designing the energy supply, control cabinets, and cabling. Measurement engineering includes selecting measuring instruments and connecting them to the control system. Control engineering develops the control program to analyze sensor data, determine necessary actions, and connect everything to the control room and local control panels. Close cooperation is needed between process and control engineers to properly define requirements and design the integrated automation system.
A BMS consultant document discusses inputs and outputs for building management systems. It describes various sensors like temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow sensors that provide inputs. It also discusses output devices like control valves, VFD speed commands, and damper actuators. The document provides details on common sensor types, proper installation of sensors, and BMS protocols.
This document provides an overview of building management systems (BMS) and instrumentation basics. It discusses various inputs and outputs to BMS controllers like temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors. It describes common field devices used for sensing including thermistors, pressure switches, and flow meters. The document also covers BMS protocols, system architecture, typical components in a BMS bill of quantities, and considerations for BMS design and commissioning.
Building management systems (BMS) provide monitoring and control of building utilities to optimize efficiency, automation, and safety. BMS integrate various sensors and intelligent devices to gather data, analyze performance, and take corrective actions. They control HVAC, lighting, and other building systems to reduce energy costs while improving occupant comfort and safety through centralized access and automation.
This document provides an overview of SCADA systems and their application in power system operation and control. It discusses:
- How SCADA systems enable centralized monitoring and control of dispersed power system assets under deregulated electricity markets.
- The typical components of a SCADA system including the human-machine interface, application servers, communication servers, remote terminal units, and communication infrastructure.
- The main functions of SCADA systems including data acquisition, event and alarm processing, control capabilities, data storage and analysis.
- Communication protocols commonly used in SCADA systems like DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, and IEC 60870-6 for
SCADA Masterclass Presentation on power transmission substationsBeatrice Terer
Step into the world of SCADA systems and discover their vital role in transmission substations. This master class presentation takes you on a journey through the architecture, functionalities, and real-world benefits of SCADA. Learn how it empowers real-time data management, monitoring, and automation, ensuring smoother operations. Dive into crucial cybersecurity insights and explore inspiring case studies showcasing successful SCADA implementations. Together, let's explore the future trends and innovations shaping our power grid's resilience. Join us as we unlock the potential of SCADA to enhance efficiency and security in transmission substations.
The document discusses industrial automation and energy monitoring systems. It describes CITECT SCADA, which can be used as an energy management system to reduce energy costs through optimization of processes and equipment. CITECT solutions range from simple remote monitoring to fully automated control systems. Key benefits of energy management systems include reduced energy loss and waste, synchronization, load shedding, monitoring of energy usage and costs. The systems comprise Citect SCADA, PLCs, energy meters and other devices to collect and analyze data.
Building Management System-CPD - Part 1.pdfSilva104866
Why BAS ( BMS)…?
• Early days buildings were very simple with few facilities and services
• With time many services were introduced & crowded
• Now-a-days buildings are very complex with many services and higher
occupancy ( high consumptions of energy)
• Central Monitoring and controlling needed
The document provides an overview of SCADA and central control applications for power systems. It discusses:
1. SCADA architecture and components, including human-machine interfaces, application servers, communication servers, remote terminal units, and communication protocols.
2. Key SCADA functions like data acquisition, monitoring and event processing, control capabilities, and data storage.
3. Examples of centralized control applications for power system operation involving multiple actors like transmission system operators and generation companies.
The document describes a Smart Locus system that uses existing building management systems to achieve significant HVAC energy savings and provide detailed energy footprint analysis of buildings. It operates at the individual zone level to control temperature, airflow, humidity and other parameters for each zone. This granular control can achieve 70-80% HVAC energy savings while maintaining individualized comfort preferences. It also generates precise historical and real-time energy usage data down to the VAV parameter level without requiring new equipment or sub-metering.
Building Automation: The scope for energy and CO2 savingsLeonardo ENERGY
This Leonardo ENERGY study shows a vast energy saving potential for the European building stock, by increasing the adoption and installation of Building Automation Technologies (BAT) and Building/Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS/BEMS). Compared with a reference scenario which assumes a continuation of current trends in the adoption and installation of BAT and BEMS/HEMS, the optimal scenario estimates the savings to reach 22% of all building energy consumption by 2028 and maintain that level thereafter.
Impressive as the saving potentials are, they will not be realized without measures to stimulate both good practice and higher rates of deployment. The report has identified a range of complementary measures and recommended actions.
The document discusses control and instrumentation in thermal power plants, describing how thermal power plants convert heat energy from coal into electrical energy through steam turbines, and that control and instrumentation departments monitor and control various electrical and non-electrical quantities using a distributed control system to oversee the entire plant operations. Bharat Heavy Electricals provides automation solutions for thermal power plants using a distributed control system called maxDNA that controls plant processes during startup, operation, and shutdown.
Smart locus presentation end user 6.1 may 2014Loretta Falcone
Smart Locus is a SaaS solution that uses existing building management systems to provide HVAC energy savings of 70-80% and a detailed energy footprint of the entire building without additional equipment. It takes granular control of zones over time to gradually take over the entire building without affecting central plant operations. It provides individual comfort preferences and multi-parameter zone control from the granular level up to optimize efficiency while maintaining comfort. Smart Locus processes building data to provide precise historical and real-time energy details down to the VAV parameter level to detect energy leaks and inefficiencies.
This document discusses instrument maintenance practices at National Fertilizers Limited, a chemical process industry. It outlines the importance of instrumentation in process industries and describes various types of control loops used. It then discusses different types of maintenance practices including day-to-day, preventative, shutdown, and breakdown maintenance. Finally, it outlines upgrades made to instrumentation systems, including implementing a distributed control system and programmable logic controllers, to improve reliability, efficiency, and use of latest technologies.
This document discusses instrument maintenance practices at National Fertilizers Limited, a chemical process industry. It outlines the importance of instrumentation in process industries and describes various types of control loops used. It then discusses different types of maintenance practices including day-to-day, preventative, shutdown, and breakdown maintenance. Finally, it outlines upgrades made to instrumentation systems, including replacing old pneumatic and single loop controllers with a distributed control system and programmable logic controllers to improve reliability, efficiency, and optimization.
A building management system (BMS) has several advantages over standalone control systems including reduced installation costs, flexibility to change controls strategies easily, scalability, improved monitoring of tenant comfort conditions, energy management capabilities to reduce operational costs, and ability to manage building ratings like NABERS. Specifically, a BMS allows for real-time monitoring of conditions, optimal control of HVAC, lighting, security, and air quality systems based on loads, trend data analysis for fault detection, automated equipment changes, occupancy-based control for energy savings, and integrated performance benchmarking.
Carier vvt an alternative for vav system published by morgan popealone160162
VVT (variable volume terminal) systems provide individual zone control of heating and cooling while using a constant volume air source. VVT works by delivering a variable volume of air to each zone as needed using intelligent zone sensors and bypass dampers. It provides better comfort and indoor air quality than single zone constant volume systems. VVT can be cost effective both initially and over time compared to other zoning alternatives through energy saving features and using standard HVAC equipment. Key players in VVT systems take different approaches between value-driven options that optimize total cost of ownership, and price-driven alternatives that minimize up-front expenses.
Ashish Malhotra is seeking a career in an organization where he can grow with the company. He has 6 years of experience in control and instrumentation installation, commissioning, and maintenance. His experience includes commissioning control and instrumentation systems for the balance of plant areas like water treatment, fire fighting, emission monitoring, and cooling systems of multiple thermal power plants totaling 600MW capacity. He has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering and is proficient in SAP, safety training, and instrumentation calibration.
This document discusses building energy-efficiency as a service provided by EnergoVision.com. It outlines issues with existing building engineering systems like lack of monitoring and control. The solution proposed is an energy management system (EMS) that integrates existing automation systems and provides cloud-based energy management services. This turn-key solution involves auditing current systems, installing additional hardware if needed, integrating various building systems using a multiprotocol gateway, and providing a cloud-based service for real-time monitoring and control from any device with functions like notifications, reports and maintenance scheduling. The advantages include improved reliability, energy savings, and compliance with efficiency regulations while reducing IT costs.
The document provides an overview of integrated building management systems (IBMS) and their components. It discusses that BMS/BAS are computerized systems that monitor, control, and manage building systems and services. A BMS connects systems like HVAC, lighting, security, and others on a single platform. It lists five building services typically automated by a BMS: chiller systems, emergency lighting, air conditioning, fire alarms, and security systems. The document also outlines the basic functional tasks of an integrated BMS, which include data acquisition, controls, communication, and diagnostics. It names common BMS components like digital networks, direct digital controllers, sensors, actuators, and software.
This document discusses the key aspects of electrical, measurement, and control (E/MC) engineering as they relate to project execution. It outlines the major tasks and considerations for each discipline. Electrical engineering involves designing the energy supply, control cabinets, and cabling. Measurement engineering includes selecting measuring instruments and connecting them to the control system. Control engineering develops the control program to analyze sensor data, determine necessary actions, and connect everything to the control room and local control panels. Close cooperation is needed between process and control engineers to properly define requirements and design the integrated automation system.
A BMS consultant document discusses inputs and outputs for building management systems. It describes various sensors like temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow sensors that provide inputs. It also discusses output devices like control valves, VFD speed commands, and damper actuators. The document provides details on common sensor types, proper installation of sensors, and BMS protocols.
This document provides an overview of building management systems (BMS) and instrumentation basics. It discusses various inputs and outputs to BMS controllers like temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors. It describes common field devices used for sensing including thermistors, pressure switches, and flow meters. The document also covers BMS protocols, system architecture, typical components in a BMS bill of quantities, and considerations for BMS design and commissioning.
Building management systems (BMS) provide monitoring and control of building utilities to optimize efficiency, automation, and safety. BMS integrate various sensors and intelligent devices to gather data, analyze performance, and take corrective actions. They control HVAC, lighting, and other building systems to reduce energy costs while improving occupant comfort and safety through centralized access and automation.
This document provides an overview of SCADA systems and their application in power system operation and control. It discusses:
- How SCADA systems enable centralized monitoring and control of dispersed power system assets under deregulated electricity markets.
- The typical components of a SCADA system including the human-machine interface, application servers, communication servers, remote terminal units, and communication infrastructure.
- The main functions of SCADA systems including data acquisition, event and alarm processing, control capabilities, data storage and analysis.
- Communication protocols commonly used in SCADA systems like DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104, and IEC 60870-6 for
SCADA Masterclass Presentation on power transmission substationsBeatrice Terer
Step into the world of SCADA systems and discover their vital role in transmission substations. This master class presentation takes you on a journey through the architecture, functionalities, and real-world benefits of SCADA. Learn how it empowers real-time data management, monitoring, and automation, ensuring smoother operations. Dive into crucial cybersecurity insights and explore inspiring case studies showcasing successful SCADA implementations. Together, let's explore the future trends and innovations shaping our power grid's resilience. Join us as we unlock the potential of SCADA to enhance efficiency and security in transmission substations.
The document discusses industrial automation and energy monitoring systems. It describes CITECT SCADA, which can be used as an energy management system to reduce energy costs through optimization of processes and equipment. CITECT solutions range from simple remote monitoring to fully automated control systems. Key benefits of energy management systems include reduced energy loss and waste, synchronization, load shedding, monitoring of energy usage and costs. The systems comprise Citect SCADA, PLCs, energy meters and other devices to collect and analyze data.
Building Management System-CPD - Part 1.pdfSilva104866
Why BAS ( BMS)…?
• Early days buildings were very simple with few facilities and services
• With time many services were introduced & crowded
• Now-a-days buildings are very complex with many services and higher
occupancy ( high consumptions of energy)
• Central Monitoring and controlling needed
The document provides an overview of SCADA and central control applications for power systems. It discusses:
1. SCADA architecture and components, including human-machine interfaces, application servers, communication servers, remote terminal units, and communication protocols.
2. Key SCADA functions like data acquisition, monitoring and event processing, control capabilities, and data storage.
3. Examples of centralized control applications for power system operation involving multiple actors like transmission system operators and generation companies.
The document describes a Smart Locus system that uses existing building management systems to achieve significant HVAC energy savings and provide detailed energy footprint analysis of buildings. It operates at the individual zone level to control temperature, airflow, humidity and other parameters for each zone. This granular control can achieve 70-80% HVAC energy savings while maintaining individualized comfort preferences. It also generates precise historical and real-time energy usage data down to the VAV parameter level without requiring new equipment or sub-metering.
Building Automation: The scope for energy and CO2 savingsLeonardo ENERGY
This Leonardo ENERGY study shows a vast energy saving potential for the European building stock, by increasing the adoption and installation of Building Automation Technologies (BAT) and Building/Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS/BEMS). Compared with a reference scenario which assumes a continuation of current trends in the adoption and installation of BAT and BEMS/HEMS, the optimal scenario estimates the savings to reach 22% of all building energy consumption by 2028 and maintain that level thereafter.
Impressive as the saving potentials are, they will not be realized without measures to stimulate both good practice and higher rates of deployment. The report has identified a range of complementary measures and recommended actions.
The document discusses control and instrumentation in thermal power plants, describing how thermal power plants convert heat energy from coal into electrical energy through steam turbines, and that control and instrumentation departments monitor and control various electrical and non-electrical quantities using a distributed control system to oversee the entire plant operations. Bharat Heavy Electricals provides automation solutions for thermal power plants using a distributed control system called maxDNA that controls plant processes during startup, operation, and shutdown.
Smart locus presentation end user 6.1 may 2014Loretta Falcone
Smart Locus is a SaaS solution that uses existing building management systems to provide HVAC energy savings of 70-80% and a detailed energy footprint of the entire building without additional equipment. It takes granular control of zones over time to gradually take over the entire building without affecting central plant operations. It provides individual comfort preferences and multi-parameter zone control from the granular level up to optimize efficiency while maintaining comfort. Smart Locus processes building data to provide precise historical and real-time energy details down to the VAV parameter level to detect energy leaks and inefficiencies.
This document discusses instrument maintenance practices at National Fertilizers Limited, a chemical process industry. It outlines the importance of instrumentation in process industries and describes various types of control loops used. It then discusses different types of maintenance practices including day-to-day, preventative, shutdown, and breakdown maintenance. Finally, it outlines upgrades made to instrumentation systems, including implementing a distributed control system and programmable logic controllers, to improve reliability, efficiency, and use of latest technologies.
This document discusses instrument maintenance practices at National Fertilizers Limited, a chemical process industry. It outlines the importance of instrumentation in process industries and describes various types of control loops used. It then discusses different types of maintenance practices including day-to-day, preventative, shutdown, and breakdown maintenance. Finally, it outlines upgrades made to instrumentation systems, including replacing old pneumatic and single loop controllers with a distributed control system and programmable logic controllers to improve reliability, efficiency, and optimization.
A building management system (BMS) has several advantages over standalone control systems including reduced installation costs, flexibility to change controls strategies easily, scalability, improved monitoring of tenant comfort conditions, energy management capabilities to reduce operational costs, and ability to manage building ratings like NABERS. Specifically, a BMS allows for real-time monitoring of conditions, optimal control of HVAC, lighting, security, and air quality systems based on loads, trend data analysis for fault detection, automated equipment changes, occupancy-based control for energy savings, and integrated performance benchmarking.
Carier vvt an alternative for vav system published by morgan popealone160162
VVT (variable volume terminal) systems provide individual zone control of heating and cooling while using a constant volume air source. VVT works by delivering a variable volume of air to each zone as needed using intelligent zone sensors and bypass dampers. It provides better comfort and indoor air quality than single zone constant volume systems. VVT can be cost effective both initially and over time compared to other zoning alternatives through energy saving features and using standard HVAC equipment. Key players in VVT systems take different approaches between value-driven options that optimize total cost of ownership, and price-driven alternatives that minimize up-front expenses.
Ashish Malhotra is seeking a career in an organization where he can grow with the company. He has 6 years of experience in control and instrumentation installation, commissioning, and maintenance. His experience includes commissioning control and instrumentation systems for the balance of plant areas like water treatment, fire fighting, emission monitoring, and cooling systems of multiple thermal power plants totaling 600MW capacity. He has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering and is proficient in SAP, safety training, and instrumentation calibration.
This document discusses building energy-efficiency as a service provided by EnergoVision.com. It outlines issues with existing building engineering systems like lack of monitoring and control. The solution proposed is an energy management system (EMS) that integrates existing automation systems and provides cloud-based energy management services. This turn-key solution involves auditing current systems, installing additional hardware if needed, integrating various building systems using a multiprotocol gateway, and providing a cloud-based service for real-time monitoring and control from any device with functions like notifications, reports and maintenance scheduling. The advantages include improved reliability, energy savings, and compliance with efficiency regulations while reducing IT costs.
The document provides an overview of integrated building management systems (IBMS) and their components. It discusses that BMS/BAS are computerized systems that monitor, control, and manage building systems and services. A BMS connects systems like HVAC, lighting, security, and others on a single platform. It lists five building services typically automated by a BMS: chiller systems, emergency lighting, air conditioning, fire alarms, and security systems. The document also outlines the basic functional tasks of an integrated BMS, which include data acquisition, controls, communication, and diagnostics. It names common BMS components like digital networks, direct digital controllers, sensors, actuators, and software.
This document discusses various concepts related to property valuation, including:
1. Definitions of key terms like cost, prime cost, supplementary cost, and value.
2. Factors that affect property value like location, maintenance, purpose of valuation, and supply and demand.
3. Methods of calculating depreciation like the straight line method and constant percentage method.
4. Uses of valuation tables and examples of calculating present value, future value, and sinking funds.
5. Methods of valuing properties like the rental method, land and building method, and profit-based method.
This document discusses urban health issues, challenges, and solutions in India. It notes that urbanization is increasing rapidly due to migration, leading to overcrowded slums lacking basic infrastructure. This puts urban populations at risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Key challenges to the health system include the dual burden of diseases, large urban poor populations, administrative issues, and operational challenges in equitably providing health services and coordinating various agencies. Proposed solutions include improving health data, inter-sectoral coordination, strengthening public-private partnerships, financing techniques, and public health facilities.
This document discusses basic respiratory mechanics relevant for mechanical ventilation. It covers topics such as volume change over time, gas flow, pressure differences, compliance, airway resistance, and the mechanical response to positive pressure application. Equations of motion relating pressure, volume, compliance, and resistance are presented. The effects of varying time constants on lung volume change over time are explored. Optimizing settings like tidal volume, inspiratory time, and expiratory time based on a patient's respiratory mechanics is discussed. The relationship between airway pressure, alveolar pressure, transpulmonary pressure, and chest wall elastance is also examined.
The document discusses project estimation and scheduling. It introduces the COCOMO model, which is an algorithmic cost modeling technique. COCOMO estimates software development effort, cost, and schedule as a function of several cost drivers and project attributes. It categorizes projects into organic, semidetached, and embedded modes with different productivity rates and equations. The intermediate COCOMO model multiplies the basic estimate by effort adjustment factors based on ratings for 15 cost drivers.
Maintenance of facilities and equipment is important to achieve quality, reliability and efficiency. The objectives of plant maintenance are to increase reliability, maximize equipment life, minimize costs, and enhance safety. Preventive maintenance helps reduce downtime costs which usually exceed costs of inspection and service. An effective maintenance program requires trained staff, regular inspection and service, and record keeping. The goal is to prevent failures through planned activities rather than relying on expensive emergency repairs after breakdowns.
The document provides an overview of home and building automation systems. It defines home automation as the automation and remote control of devices in a home like lighting, HVAC, and appliances. Building automation automates security, fire detection, HVAC, and other systems in commercial buildings. The document discusses various technologies used in home and building automation like KNX, Modbus, MyHome/OpenWebNet protocols and networks. It provides details on the architecture, applications, and data models of these different automation standards.
This document discusses various methods of damp proofing in buildings. It begins by defining dampness as the access and penetration of moisture into buildings through walls, floors and roofs. Several causes of dampness are outlined like moisture from the ground, splashing of rain, and condensation. The ideal properties of damp proofing materials are described as being impervious, durable, dimensionally stable and flexible. Common damp proofing methods for foundations, floors, and walls are then explained involving bitumen, plastic sheets, and damp proof courses. The principles of effective damp proofing and different treatments for various building elements are provided.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of noise. It defines sound as acoustic waves that propagate through a medium, with noise being unwanted or disturbing sound. Key concepts covered include:
- Sound is measured by properties like frequency, sound pressure level, intensity level, and power level.
- The decibel scale is used to quantify sound levels in a way that reflects human perception.
- Sound can be analyzed by its intensity or pressure levels across frequency bands like octave or one-third octave bands.
- The relationship between sound intensity, pressure, and power is explained. Combining sound from multiple sources is also addressed.
This document provides an overview of composite materials. It defines a composite as a material made of two or more physically distinct phases that produce properties different from the individual components. The document discusses various types of composite materials, including metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites. It also covers the classification of composites, functions of the matrix, reinforcing phases, properties, processing techniques, and applications.
Green buildings are designed to reduce environmental impact through efficient use of resources, protecting health, and reducing pollution. They meet objectives such as energy efficiency, water conservation, indoor air quality and use of sustainable materials. While the green building movement started in the late 1980s, it has grown significantly in recent decades driven by concerns over energy prices, environmental protection and sustainability.
This document provides an outline and learning objectives for a chapter on project management. The outline covers topics like project planning, scheduling, controlling, and techniques like PERT and CPM. It also defines key project management terms and provides examples of how to create a work breakdown structure, network diagrams, and Gantt charts. The learning objectives indicate what students should be able to do after completing the chapter, such as using Gantt charts, drawing networks, and calculating variances.
Building services engineering (BSE) involves designing, installing, and servicing systems that make buildings comfortable, safe, and convenient. This includes mechanical and electrical systems like HVAC, plumbing, lighting, and fire protection. BSE is an important field as these systems account for 30-60% of building costs and affect occupant health, comfort, and productivity. BSE design considers factors like climate, codes, costs, and sustainability to meet objectives of hygiene, safety, and comfort. Government departments and professional bodies regulate BSE work in Hong Kong.
A Building Management System (BMS) controls and monitors a building's technical systems and services. It links individual equipment to operate as an integrated whole. Key benefits include improved tenant comfort, energy management to reduce costs, and tools to manage building ratings. Operational considerations include regular tuning, documentation, maintenance, and planning for the system lifecycle.
The document summarizes a report by the Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA) about smart cities and intelligent buildings. CABA promotes connected home and building technologies. The report discusses major drivers of smart cities like urbanization, aging infrastructure, and new technologies. It outlines key aspects of smart city development including vertical applications, enabling technologies, and the role of intelligent buildings. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated trends like remote working and demand for touchless buildings solutions. The report recommends technologies that can help address post-pandemic challenges in areas like indoor air quality, occupancy monitoring, and digital twins.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
2. Seminar1–TheBasicsExplained
1) What is a BMS?
2) What Does it Do?
3) Benefits
4) Operational Considerations
Seminar 2 - Advanced Management and Improvement Opportunities
5) BMS System Architecture
6) BMS Programming
7) Extended BMS Functionality
8) Upgrades and Retrofits
3. 1. WhatisaBMS?
Industry jargon, Terminology and acronyms
What is a Building Management and Controls System
BMS suppliers and integrators
Typical System Components
Typical User Interface Options
4. IndustryJargon,TerminologyandAcronyms
• Building Management Systems (BMS) also known as Building Automation
Systems (BAS), Building Management and Control System (BMCS), Direct
Digital Controls (DDC) and Building Controls
• Other terms associated with Control Systems include:
– Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
– Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
– Energy Management System (EMS)
– Data gathering panels (DGP)
– Modbus, Lonworks, and Bacnet – All refer to communications protocols
– ‘Front End’ – legacy term used to refer to the BMS Operator Workstation
• Most Common Current industry term –
– Building Management System (BMS) or
– Building Management and Control Systems (BMCS)
5. WhatisaBuilding ManagementSystem?
• BMS systems are “Intelligent” microprocessor based controller networks
installed to monitor and control a buildings technical systems and services
such as air conditioning, ventilation, lighting and hydraulics.
• More specifically they link the functionality of individual pieces of building
equipment so that they operate as one complete integrated system.
• Now installed in every major building or facility with the availability of
direct integration into all other building services such as security, access
control, CCTV, fire, Lifts and other life and safety systems.
• Current generation BMS systems are now based on open communications
protocols and are WEB enabled allowing integration of systems from
multiple system vendors and access from anywhere in the world.
8. BMSSuppliersandIntegrators
• Procured as a complete system that includes, engineering, supply,
installation, programming and commissioning.
• Specialist Integrators that are either directly associated with the
manufacturer or are approved re-sellers.
• All Integrators should have full factory technical support
• Need to work closely with Mechanical Services, Mechanical Electrical and
other contractors.
• For new construction BMS is usually included within the mechanical
services package.
• ‘Tier 1 Company’ only refers to a direct factory association and not to the
quality of products or services…
12. TypicalUserInterfaceOptions
Can be a basic LCD display through to
full Graphic Operator Workstations.
The Graphic Interface must be
intuitive to use and not require an
Engineering degree to interpret
They must provide sufficient level of
detail to enable the operator to
determine what is happening and
what is going to happen next
Graphics need to provide access to
parameters for tuning and seasonal
information needs to be built into the
system
13. BMSSimpleUserInterfaces–Built in Display
User defined menus.
Built into the BMS controller or a
remote device
Password protected
Monitor and control field points,
operating setpoints, time schedules,
alarm management, even trend data
14. BMSSimpleUserInterfaces–WEBServer
WEB Server built into a BMS network
controller
User defined menus and graphic
pages
Password protected, multiple access
levels
Monitor and control field points,
operating setpoints, time schedules,
alarm management, even trend data
15.
16.
17. 2. WhatDoesaBMSDo?
The role of the BMS in day to day building operation
Building Control Applications
Measuring and Monitoring building performance
Interaction with other building systems
18. TheDaytoDayRoleoftheBMS…
• The most common primary function of
the BMS is the control of a buildings
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Systems (HVAC) including;
– Air Handling Units
– Chilled Water Plant
– Cooling Towers
– Tenant Condenser Water
– Heating Water Plant
– Exhaust Systems
– Zone Controls
– Computer Room AC
19. TheDaytoDayRoleoftheBMS…
• Control of Building Systems and Services
• Graphic User Interface (GUI)
• Real Time Monitoring of Building Operation and Performance
• Trending and Logging of Building Operation and Performance
• Time Scheduling of Building Systems
• Fault Management and Alarming
• Control Application Programming
• User Event Management
• Energy Management and Reporting (NABERS)
20. BuildingControlApplications
• Building control applications include for following:
– Zone temperature monitoring and control
– Zone Variable Air Volume (VAV) control to zones
– Zone CO2 monitoring and control (Air Quality)
– Air handling unit supply air temperature control
– Air handling unit supply air flow / pressure control
– Main Plant Chiller and Boiler sequencing
– Toilet, car park, kitchen and general exhaust fan control
– After Hours Building Control
23. 3. BenefitsofHavingaBMS
The advantages of a BMS versus stand alone control
Improved Tenant comfort conditions
Energy Management and reduced operational costs
Management of building ratings such as NABERS
24. AdvantagesofBMSvsStandAloneControl
• Reduced installation costs
• Flexibility and ease of change
• Customised control strategies
• Scalability
• Operator interaction,
feedback and control
• Integration with other
building services
25. ImprovedT
enantComfort Conditions
• Real time monitoring of tenant conditions
• Greater load based control strategies
• Trend data of performance, improved fault finding
• Air quality management (CO2)
• After hours operational requests, tenant billing
• Alarm notifications of faults reduce downtime
• Automated change over of failed equipment
26. EnergyManagementandReduceOperationalCosts
• Optimal start and stop of plant
• Building warm up and cool down cycles
• Night purge
• Automatic Seasonal plant sequence selection
• Seasonal temperature setting adjustments
• Load based control strategies
• Economy cycle control including CO2
• Equipment runtime monitoring and duty cycling
• Occupancy control and control setback
27. ManagementofBuilding Ratings- NABERS
• Can be integrated with Energy Management System (EMS)
• Real time monitoring of energy performance
• Proactive adjustment not retrospective catch up
• Measurement against load profile targets
• Separation of tenant and base building loads
• Historical trend data for NABERS management
• Energy demand and consumption dashboards
• EMS is a dedicated software packed for the monitoring and management of electrical,
water, gas and thermal energy metering systems.
29. 4. OperationalConsiderations
Tuning and optimisation
Importance of System Documentation
System Maintenance, what, how often and by whom
Life cycle expectations and considerations
30. Control LoopTuning
• BMS Tuning and Optimisation are not
the same thing….
• BMS Tuning or control loop tuning
ensures that the equipment operates
in a stable, predictable and repeatable
manner.
• Optimisation focuses on operating the
equipment in the most energy efficient
manner without impacting on the
controlled variable
• The first stage of optimisation includes
BMS loop tuning.
31. Control LoopOptimisation
Outside Air Temp 17C
Chiller Running
Supply Air Temp 14C
Static Pressure 350pa
VSD Running at 95%
VAV Damper 15% Open
Zone Temp 22C
Chiller Stopped Supply Air Temp 18C
Static Pressure 200pa
VSD Running at 75%
Zone Temp 22C
VAV Damper 8
55% Open
32. ImportanceofSystemDocumentation
• Functional Description (FD)
– Details the configuration of the BMS
– Overview of the building services
– Describes in detail each of the BMS control strategies and sequences of
operation
– Documents interaction between each part of the system
• Point Schedules
– Detail all connected devices and their point type
– Critical for planning and system engineering
• Control System Drawings
– Should include a network architecture drawing
– Detail the physical wiring connections to controllers
– Useful for fault finding and establishing spare capacity
33. ImportanceofSystemDocumentation
Point Description DI DO AI AO HLI Comments
Chiller HLI 2 Modbus Connection to Chiller
Chiller enable 2
Chiller run status 2
Chiller fault status 2
CHW Pump start / stop 2 At MSSB
CHW Pump run status 2
CHW Pump speed control 2 Direct to VSDs
CHW Flow temperature 2
CHW return temperature 1
CHW system pressure 1
CHW bypass valve 1
Tenant Cooling Tower Fans Start / Stop 2
Tenant Cooling Tower Fans Status 2
Tenant Cooling Tower Fans Speed 2
Tenant Cooling Tower Spray Start / Stop 2
Tenant Cooling Tower Spray Status 2
Tenant CCW System Pressure 1
Tenant CCW Pump start / stop 2
Tenant CCW Pump run status 2
Tenant CCW Pump speed control 2
Tenant CCW Flow temperature 1
Tenant CCW return temperature 1
Totals 12 10 7 7 2
⦁ DI – Digital Inputs
⦁ DO – Digital Outputs
⦁ AI – Analogue Input
⦁ AO – Analogue Output
⦁ HLI – High Level Interface
⦁ BMS Drawings show
device details and wiring
connections
34. SystemMaintenance
• The BMS belongs to the building owner who should act as its
administrator managing BMS access rights
• The BMS should be maintained with an appropriate level of servicing
• As with any software driven system, data and files should be backed up on
a regular basis
• Critical components should be identified and checked at regular intervals
• BMS functions such as trend data, reports and alarms can be used to
perform maintenance by exception
• Maintenance should be approached as the performance of the controlled
system not individual components, i.e. AHU or Chiller Plant
• While the BMS equipment vendor should be utilised to maintain the
critical components, other suitably qualified technicians can be utilised for
field equipment
35. BMSLifecycle Considerations
• Considerations:
– Check equipment production cycle status
– Select hardware with proven record (avoid beta)
– Check for level of software and hardware support
– Check for forward compatibility policy
• Equipment Lifecycle:
– BMS field controllers – 15 to 20 years
– Field devices – 15 to 20 years
– BMS computer hardware – 3 to 5 years
– BMS software – Major releases 3 to 5 years
36. BMSTheBasicsExplained–Recap…
• BMS systems are “Intelligent” microprocessor based controller networks
installed to monitor and control a buildings technical systems and services
such as air conditioning, ventilation, lighting and hydraulics.
• Scalable from just one device to thousands of devices
• Link the functionality of individual pieces of building equipment so that
they operate as one complete integrated system.
• Provide the building owners and operators with the tools to manage the
performance and energy efficiency of their buildings
• Can be integrated into all other building services such as security, access
control, CCTV, fire, Lifts and other life and safety systems.