OCD
•Download as PPT, PDF•
3 likes•2,728 views
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Common obsessions include thoughts of violence or contamination, while common compulsions include excessive handwashing or checking. OCD is believed to have biological and genetic causes, as brain imaging shows abnormal activity in circuits involving the amygdala and frontal cortex in those with OCD. Effective treatments include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and exposure therapy to help manage symptoms.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Obsessive compulsive disorder proposal(2)
This document discusses the relationship between glutamate levels in the brain and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Abnormal levels of glutamate in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia regions may be associated with OCD symptoms like obsessions and compulsions. The hypothesis is that imbalanced glutamate levels caused by faulty NMDA receptors in the basal ganglia result in an excess of unfiltered information flowing through the frontal cortex, leading to the symptoms of OCD. Specific aims and methodology are not discussed but will be important next steps to test this hypothesis.
Obsessive compulsive disorder power point (ocd)
This document provides information about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It discusses the prevalence of OCD, noting it has a lifetime prevalence of 1.6% and typically has an onset in late adolescence/early adulthood. It is usually chronic and equally affects both genders. The document also examines the pathology of OCD, including increased activity in brain regions like the basal ganglia, orbitofrontal cortex, and thalamus. Signs and symptoms include obsessions, compulsions, and repetitive behaviors. Treatments discussed are cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy using SSRIs, and psychosurgery for severe cases.
Neurobiology of OCD
The document provides an overview of the neurobiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It discusses the definition and diagnostic features of OCD, as well as basic neuroanatomy involving structures like the basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and limbic system. Neurophysiology concepts around the serotonergic system are also reviewed. The document examines the etiology and pathophysiology of OCD, including potential genetic and neurobiological factors. Neuroimaging and other studies implicate abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. The role of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate in the neurobiology of OCD is also explored
Ocd final project - ronnie singh
Final Project
Understanding the Brain - Neurobiology of everyday life
Professor Peggy Mason
Bubmitted by Ronnie singh
Anxiety ppt
This document discusses anxiety and its treatment. It defines anxiety as an unpleasant emotional state accompanied by nervous behavior. It notes that neurotransmitters like GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin play a role in anxiety, and that certain brain regions like the amygdala and hippocampus are involved. It describes several theories for the neurochemical basis of anxiety. It then discusses different classes of anxiolytic drugs like benzodiazepines, azapirones, antihistamines, and beta blockers that treat anxiety by enhancing GABA transmission or blocking the sympathetic nervous system. Finally, it provides examples of individual anxiolytic drugs and notes some of their side effects and interactions.
OCD Biological explanations A2
1) The document discusses biological explanations for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including genetic and neurobiological factors. It notes evidence that OCD may be inherited and research looking at genes like COMT.
2) Neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine are also discussed, with lower serotonin and higher dopamine levels found in individuals with OCD. Brain regions implicated include the basal ganglia and orbitofrontal cortex.
3) The orbitofrontal cortex circuit is described, with the idea that damage to areas like the caudate nucleus means "inappropriate impulses" from the orbitofrontal cortex are not properly filtered, leading to obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
OCD
OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted and reoccurring thoughts that cause distress. Common compulsions include excessive washing, hoarding, rituals, and repeated checking. While those with OCD realize their behaviors are irrational, they are unable to stop the repetitive cycles. Originally thought to be related to serotonin levels in the brain, OCD is now viewed as a problem with neural communication pathways involving judgement and planning. Treatments include exposure therapy to reduce rituals, electroconvulsive therapy in severe cases, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or antidepressants to manage symptoms.
Obssessive Compulsive Disorders
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1-3% of the world's population. There is evidence of a genetic vulnerability to OCD, with increased rates of mental illness in relatives of those diagnosed and higher concordance rates in identical twins compared to fraternal twins. Common symptoms include obsessions, compulsions, or both. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in high doses are the first-line treatment approach approved by the FDA, though adding additional agents that target other neurotransmitter systems can augment treatment effectiveness.
Recommended
Obsessive compulsive disorder proposal(2)
This document discusses the relationship between glutamate levels in the brain and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Abnormal levels of glutamate in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia regions may be associated with OCD symptoms like obsessions and compulsions. The hypothesis is that imbalanced glutamate levels caused by faulty NMDA receptors in the basal ganglia result in an excess of unfiltered information flowing through the frontal cortex, leading to the symptoms of OCD. Specific aims and methodology are not discussed but will be important next steps to test this hypothesis.
Obsessive compulsive disorder power point (ocd)
This document provides information about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It discusses the prevalence of OCD, noting it has a lifetime prevalence of 1.6% and typically has an onset in late adolescence/early adulthood. It is usually chronic and equally affects both genders. The document also examines the pathology of OCD, including increased activity in brain regions like the basal ganglia, orbitofrontal cortex, and thalamus. Signs and symptoms include obsessions, compulsions, and repetitive behaviors. Treatments discussed are cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy using SSRIs, and psychosurgery for severe cases.
Neurobiology of OCD
The document provides an overview of the neurobiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It discusses the definition and diagnostic features of OCD, as well as basic neuroanatomy involving structures like the basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and limbic system. Neurophysiology concepts around the serotonergic system are also reviewed. The document examines the etiology and pathophysiology of OCD, including potential genetic and neurobiological factors. Neuroimaging and other studies implicate abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. The role of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate in the neurobiology of OCD is also explored
Ocd final project - ronnie singh
Final Project
Understanding the Brain - Neurobiology of everyday life
Professor Peggy Mason
Bubmitted by Ronnie singh
Anxiety ppt
This document discusses anxiety and its treatment. It defines anxiety as an unpleasant emotional state accompanied by nervous behavior. It notes that neurotransmitters like GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin play a role in anxiety, and that certain brain regions like the amygdala and hippocampus are involved. It describes several theories for the neurochemical basis of anxiety. It then discusses different classes of anxiolytic drugs like benzodiazepines, azapirones, antihistamines, and beta blockers that treat anxiety by enhancing GABA transmission or blocking the sympathetic nervous system. Finally, it provides examples of individual anxiolytic drugs and notes some of their side effects and interactions.
OCD Biological explanations A2
1) The document discusses biological explanations for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including genetic and neurobiological factors. It notes evidence that OCD may be inherited and research looking at genes like COMT.
2) Neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine are also discussed, with lower serotonin and higher dopamine levels found in individuals with OCD. Brain regions implicated include the basal ganglia and orbitofrontal cortex.
3) The orbitofrontal cortex circuit is described, with the idea that damage to areas like the caudate nucleus means "inappropriate impulses" from the orbitofrontal cortex are not properly filtered, leading to obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
OCD
OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted and reoccurring thoughts that cause distress. Common compulsions include excessive washing, hoarding, rituals, and repeated checking. While those with OCD realize their behaviors are irrational, they are unable to stop the repetitive cycles. Originally thought to be related to serotonin levels in the brain, OCD is now viewed as a problem with neural communication pathways involving judgement and planning. Treatments include exposure therapy to reduce rituals, electroconvulsive therapy in severe cases, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or antidepressants to manage symptoms.
Obssessive Compulsive Disorders
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1-3% of the world's population. There is evidence of a genetic vulnerability to OCD, with increased rates of mental illness in relatives of those diagnosed and higher concordance rates in identical twins compared to fraternal twins. Common symptoms include obsessions, compulsions, or both. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in high doses are the first-line treatment approach approved by the FDA, though adding additional agents that target other neurotransmitter systems can augment treatment effectiveness.
A2 OCD Psychological therapies
This document discusses psychological therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. ERP therapy involves exposing patients to anxiety-provoking stimuli while preventing compulsive rituals to help them learn anxiety can be reduced without rituals. Cognitive-behavioral therapy identifies and challenges irrational thoughts to modify dysfunctional beliefs and behaviors. Both therapies aim to "unlearn" conditioned obsessive and compulsive behaviors through reconditioning or cognitive restructuring.
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to treating ocd
The biological approach to treating OCD primarily involves drug therapy using antidepressants such as SSRIs which increase serotonin levels to regulate mood and anxiety. SSRIs have been shown to be more effective than placebos in reducing OCD symptoms, though long-term data is limited. Alternatively, tricyclics and benzodiazepines can be used but have more severe side effects. While drug therapy is easy to administer, all medications produce side effects that may lead patients to stop treatment.
Bipolar disorder for undergraduates
Bipolar I disorder is characterized by one or more manic episodes, with or without major depressive episodes. The lifetime prevalence is 0.4-1.6% and is highly genetic, with a 90% prevalence in monozygotic twins of patients. Diagnosis requires a manic episode lasting at least one week with inflated self-esteem and decreased need for sleep, plus additional symptoms. Treatment involves hospitalization, psychopharmacotherapy including mood stabilizers like lithium, and psychotherapy.
PANAYIOTOPOULOS SYNDROME - POSTER
This case report describes a 13-year-old girl who presented with repeated episodes of vomiting, palpitations, tremors, fearfulness, sweating, and loss of awareness. Investigations including blood tests, CT brain scan, and EEG were normal except for EEG spikes in the occipital lobes. She was diagnosed with Panayiotopoulos syndrome, a rare idiopathic focal seizure disorder occurring in childhood, and treated successfully with antiepileptic medications.
Hanipsych, OCD
This document discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It provides a brief history of OCD and how it was previously understood. It then discusses prevalence, characteristics, DSM-5 classification, symptoms including obsessions and compulsions. The neurobiology of OCD is explored including genetics, neuroanatomy, the role of serotonin and dopamine, and neural correlates of OCD symptom factors. Associated symptoms, spectrum disorders, comorbidities, differential diagnosis, and treatment are also summarized.
obsessive compulsive disorder
1. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety.
2. OCD affects 1-2% of the population and commonly involves obsessions around contamination, doubts, and symmetry as well as compulsions like cleaning, checking, and ordering.
3. Cognitive behavioral therapy, specifically exposure and response prevention is the most effective treatment where patients are exposed to anxiety-provoking triggers while resisting compulsions. Medications like SSRIs are also used but may not be as long lasting.
OCD presentation
This document discusses the psychoanalytic treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It provides an overview of OCD based on the DSM-IV criteria and conventional treatments including medications and cognitive behavioral therapy. It then outlines Freud's perspective on "obsessional neurosis" and the contemporary psychoanalytic view of OCD relating to attachment styles, defense mechanisms, and addressing the unconscious meaning behind symptoms through transference in therapy. The conclusion states that psychoanalytic treatment may benefit some individuals with OCD, especially those whose physical symptoms represent unconscious conflicts, and may serve as an alternative for those not helped by traditional approaches.
OCD
This document provides an overview of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It defines OCD as a psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions. The document discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of OCD. It describes common obsessions and compulsions seen in OCD and reviews pharmacological and non-pharmacological (cognitive behavioral therapy) treatment approaches.
AS The biological model of abnormality
The biological model assumes that psychological illnesses have a physical cause in the brain due to biological dysfunctions, genetics, toxins, infections, or stress. Possible biological causes of abnormal behavior include imbalances of neurotransmitters or hormones, structural damage or abnormalities in the brain, and genetic factors associated with schizophrenia. While studies have found associations between psychological disturbances and biological changes, it is difficult to determine whether biological changes cause or result from psychological symptoms. The biological model also faces issues regarding evidence, patient roles, and social stigma.
Major depressive disorder
Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by one or more episodes of depression without a history of mania. Its etiology is complex with several factors like genetics, environment, and biology contributing. Symptoms include decreased levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Treatment involves pharmacological therapies like SSRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs to reduce symptoms as well as psychotherapy. The goals are to reduce acute symptoms, facilitate a return to normal functioning, and prevent future episodes. Treatment is conducted over acute, continuation, and maintenance phases.
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disease that results in cognitive and behavioral impairment. It accounts for around 70% of dementia cases. The hallmarks of the disease are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, changes in personality and behavior, and problems with language and visual-spatial skills. Treatment focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine to manage symptoms, as well as non-pharmacological approaches to improve quality of life. The disease is progressive and currently has no cure.
Biological model
This document summarizes the biological model of abnormality. It discusses how the biological model views psychological abnormality as an illness caused by malfunctions in the brain or other parts of the body. It describes the brain's anatomy and chemistry and how certain disorders have been linked to problems in specific brain areas or abnormal chemical activity. Genetics are also discussed as a factor. Biological treatments like drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery aim to address the physical sources of dysfunction. While the biological model has strengths in producing new information and treatments, it also has weaknesses in being too simplistic and having incomplete evidence.
Case Study on an Invisible Disease
The patient has become withdrawn, distracted, and easily startled over the past few years. Recently, they broke down and appeared to be arguing with someone who was not there.
Based on the patient's behavior, the diagnosis would be schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a disease where patients experience hallucinations and delusions.
Treatment would include counseling, an MRI to rule out other causes, a blood test to check for genetic biomarkers of schizophrenia, and medication targeting dopamine and glutamate receptors in the brain.
Mania ppt new
Mania is defined as a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week. It can be classified as mixed states with both manic and depressive features, hypomania with less sleep needs and increased goal-motivated behavior, or associated with bipolar disorder. Causes may include genetic, biochemical, seasonal, or stressful life influences. Signs include inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep needs, pressured speech, distractibility, and risky behaviors. Treatment involves psychological therapies and organic treatments like mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines to control symptoms.
Kleptomania
Kleptomania is an impulse control disorder characterized by recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items even though they are not needed for personal use or their monetary value. It affects about 0.3-0.6% of the population and is more common in females. Biological factors like low serotonin levels and psychological factors like operant conditioning may contribute to its development. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like SSRIs to increase serotonin levels and reduce urges to steal.
SOC 204 Hallucinogens
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It begins by defining several terms used to describe hallucinogens and their effects. It then describes two main classes of hallucinogens: classical phantastica, which alter perceptions while maintaining connection to reality, and deliriants, which produce greater mental confusion and loss of touch with reality. Specific drugs discussed include LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, MDMA, PCP, and natural hallucinogens found in plants. The document outlines the pharmacology of hallucinogens and describes common effects like altered perceptions, emotions, and trips that can last several hours. Risks include bad trips and flashbacks. Views on the therapeutic use of
Hair Pulling Disorder or Trichotillomania
Hair Pulling Disorder- It is not bad to pull hair out of extreme happiness and anger or pulling hair by grandchildren, there is a comfort. But it is certainly not good to pluck hair, consciously or sub-consciously, one by one making a large portion of the head empty. ‘Trichotillomania’ is a mental disease and the patients of this disease pull and pluck their hair.
OCD and Related Disorders
This document is a lecture on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders given by Dr. Michael Ingram. The lecture introduces OCD, including definitions of obsessions and compulsions. It reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment of OCD. It also briefly discusses other OCD spectrum disorders like body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder. The goal is for attendees to be able to recognize signs and symptoms of OCD and related disorders, understand the neurobiology of impulsivity and compulsivity, and recall treatment options for OCD and related disorders.
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to explaining ocd
The biological approach to OCD suggests it is caused by biological abnormalities such as genetic and neural factors. Genetically, variants of the COMT and SERT genes have been linked to OCD as they affect dopamine and serotonin levels. While these genes may increase risk, they do not solely cause OCD. Research also shows abnormal levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin in the brain regions involved in OCD. Brain scan studies further support neural abnormalities in OCD patients and their relatives. The biological approach is useful for mapping genes to detect OCD risk early.
Chapter15 Power Point Presentation
The document discusses psychological disorders including substance abuse and addictions, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, treatments and neurobiology of these conditions. For substance abuse, it describes how addictive substances increase dopamine activity in the brain and how this can lead to addiction. For mood disorders, it outlines factors like genes and stress that can contribute to depression and notes treatments like antidepressants. For schizophrenia, it discusses possible genetic and environmental causes and symptoms of the condition.
Schizophrenia by vinu and hassan
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is difficult for those with schizophrenia to distinguish between real and imagined experiences. Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the world's population. While the exact causes are unknown, research on schizophrenia helps further our understanding of the brain and potential treatments.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
This document discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It covers the history and understanding of OCD, common obsessions and compulsions, potential causes including biological and genetic factors, challenges in diagnosing OCD, common signs and symptoms, and treatments including psychotherapy and medications. The most effective treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy combined with antidepressant medication, which can help manage symptoms but OCD is often a long-term condition.
More Related Content
What's hot
A2 OCD Psychological therapies
This document discusses psychological therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. ERP therapy involves exposing patients to anxiety-provoking stimuli while preventing compulsive rituals to help them learn anxiety can be reduced without rituals. Cognitive-behavioral therapy identifies and challenges irrational thoughts to modify dysfunctional beliefs and behaviors. Both therapies aim to "unlearn" conditioned obsessive and compulsive behaviors through reconditioning or cognitive restructuring.
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to treating ocd
The biological approach to treating OCD primarily involves drug therapy using antidepressants such as SSRIs which increase serotonin levels to regulate mood and anxiety. SSRIs have been shown to be more effective than placebos in reducing OCD symptoms, though long-term data is limited. Alternatively, tricyclics and benzodiazepines can be used but have more severe side effects. While drug therapy is easy to administer, all medications produce side effects that may lead patients to stop treatment.
Bipolar disorder for undergraduates
Bipolar I disorder is characterized by one or more manic episodes, with or without major depressive episodes. The lifetime prevalence is 0.4-1.6% and is highly genetic, with a 90% prevalence in monozygotic twins of patients. Diagnosis requires a manic episode lasting at least one week with inflated self-esteem and decreased need for sleep, plus additional symptoms. Treatment involves hospitalization, psychopharmacotherapy including mood stabilizers like lithium, and psychotherapy.
PANAYIOTOPOULOS SYNDROME - POSTER
This case report describes a 13-year-old girl who presented with repeated episodes of vomiting, palpitations, tremors, fearfulness, sweating, and loss of awareness. Investigations including blood tests, CT brain scan, and EEG were normal except for EEG spikes in the occipital lobes. She was diagnosed with Panayiotopoulos syndrome, a rare idiopathic focal seizure disorder occurring in childhood, and treated successfully with antiepileptic medications.
Hanipsych, OCD
This document discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It provides a brief history of OCD and how it was previously understood. It then discusses prevalence, characteristics, DSM-5 classification, symptoms including obsessions and compulsions. The neurobiology of OCD is explored including genetics, neuroanatomy, the role of serotonin and dopamine, and neural correlates of OCD symptom factors. Associated symptoms, spectrum disorders, comorbidities, differential diagnosis, and treatment are also summarized.
obsessive compulsive disorder
1. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety.
2. OCD affects 1-2% of the population and commonly involves obsessions around contamination, doubts, and symmetry as well as compulsions like cleaning, checking, and ordering.
3. Cognitive behavioral therapy, specifically exposure and response prevention is the most effective treatment where patients are exposed to anxiety-provoking triggers while resisting compulsions. Medications like SSRIs are also used but may not be as long lasting.
OCD presentation
This document discusses the psychoanalytic treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It provides an overview of OCD based on the DSM-IV criteria and conventional treatments including medications and cognitive behavioral therapy. It then outlines Freud's perspective on "obsessional neurosis" and the contemporary psychoanalytic view of OCD relating to attachment styles, defense mechanisms, and addressing the unconscious meaning behind symptoms through transference in therapy. The conclusion states that psychoanalytic treatment may benefit some individuals with OCD, especially those whose physical symptoms represent unconscious conflicts, and may serve as an alternative for those not helped by traditional approaches.
OCD
This document provides an overview of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It defines OCD as a psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions. The document discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of OCD. It describes common obsessions and compulsions seen in OCD and reviews pharmacological and non-pharmacological (cognitive behavioral therapy) treatment approaches.
AS The biological model of abnormality
The biological model assumes that psychological illnesses have a physical cause in the brain due to biological dysfunctions, genetics, toxins, infections, or stress. Possible biological causes of abnormal behavior include imbalances of neurotransmitters or hormones, structural damage or abnormalities in the brain, and genetic factors associated with schizophrenia. While studies have found associations between psychological disturbances and biological changes, it is difficult to determine whether biological changes cause or result from psychological symptoms. The biological model also faces issues regarding evidence, patient roles, and social stigma.
Major depressive disorder
Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by one or more episodes of depression without a history of mania. Its etiology is complex with several factors like genetics, environment, and biology contributing. Symptoms include decreased levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Treatment involves pharmacological therapies like SSRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs to reduce symptoms as well as psychotherapy. The goals are to reduce acute symptoms, facilitate a return to normal functioning, and prevent future episodes. Treatment is conducted over acute, continuation, and maintenance phases.
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disease that results in cognitive and behavioral impairment. It accounts for around 70% of dementia cases. The hallmarks of the disease are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, changes in personality and behavior, and problems with language and visual-spatial skills. Treatment focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine to manage symptoms, as well as non-pharmacological approaches to improve quality of life. The disease is progressive and currently has no cure.
Biological model
This document summarizes the biological model of abnormality. It discusses how the biological model views psychological abnormality as an illness caused by malfunctions in the brain or other parts of the body. It describes the brain's anatomy and chemistry and how certain disorders have been linked to problems in specific brain areas or abnormal chemical activity. Genetics are also discussed as a factor. Biological treatments like drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery aim to address the physical sources of dysfunction. While the biological model has strengths in producing new information and treatments, it also has weaknesses in being too simplistic and having incomplete evidence.
Case Study on an Invisible Disease
The patient has become withdrawn, distracted, and easily startled over the past few years. Recently, they broke down and appeared to be arguing with someone who was not there.
Based on the patient's behavior, the diagnosis would be schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a disease where patients experience hallucinations and delusions.
Treatment would include counseling, an MRI to rule out other causes, a blood test to check for genetic biomarkers of schizophrenia, and medication targeting dopamine and glutamate receptors in the brain.
Mania ppt new
Mania is defined as a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week. It can be classified as mixed states with both manic and depressive features, hypomania with less sleep needs and increased goal-motivated behavior, or associated with bipolar disorder. Causes may include genetic, biochemical, seasonal, or stressful life influences. Signs include inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep needs, pressured speech, distractibility, and risky behaviors. Treatment involves psychological therapies and organic treatments like mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines to control symptoms.
Kleptomania
Kleptomania is an impulse control disorder characterized by recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items even though they are not needed for personal use or their monetary value. It affects about 0.3-0.6% of the population and is more common in females. Biological factors like low serotonin levels and psychological factors like operant conditioning may contribute to its development. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like SSRIs to increase serotonin levels and reduce urges to steal.
SOC 204 Hallucinogens
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It begins by defining several terms used to describe hallucinogens and their effects. It then describes two main classes of hallucinogens: classical phantastica, which alter perceptions while maintaining connection to reality, and deliriants, which produce greater mental confusion and loss of touch with reality. Specific drugs discussed include LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, MDMA, PCP, and natural hallucinogens found in plants. The document outlines the pharmacology of hallucinogens and describes common effects like altered perceptions, emotions, and trips that can last several hours. Risks include bad trips and flashbacks. Views on the therapeutic use of
Hair Pulling Disorder or Trichotillomania
Hair Pulling Disorder- It is not bad to pull hair out of extreme happiness and anger or pulling hair by grandchildren, there is a comfort. But it is certainly not good to pluck hair, consciously or sub-consciously, one by one making a large portion of the head empty. ‘Trichotillomania’ is a mental disease and the patients of this disease pull and pluck their hair.
OCD and Related Disorders
This document is a lecture on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders given by Dr. Michael Ingram. The lecture introduces OCD, including definitions of obsessions and compulsions. It reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment of OCD. It also briefly discusses other OCD spectrum disorders like body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder. The goal is for attendees to be able to recognize signs and symptoms of OCD and related disorders, understand the neurobiology of impulsivity and compulsivity, and recall treatment options for OCD and related disorders.
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to explaining ocd
The biological approach to OCD suggests it is caused by biological abnormalities such as genetic and neural factors. Genetically, variants of the COMT and SERT genes have been linked to OCD as they affect dopamine and serotonin levels. While these genes may increase risk, they do not solely cause OCD. Research also shows abnormal levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin in the brain regions involved in OCD. Brain scan studies further support neural abnormalities in OCD patients and their relatives. The biological approach is useful for mapping genes to detect OCD risk early.
Chapter15 Power Point Presentation
The document discusses psychological disorders including substance abuse and addictions, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, treatments and neurobiology of these conditions. For substance abuse, it describes how addictive substances increase dopamine activity in the brain and how this can lead to addiction. For mood disorders, it outlines factors like genes and stress that can contribute to depression and notes treatments like antidepressants. For schizophrenia, it discusses possible genetic and environmental causes and symptoms of the condition.
What's hot (20)
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to treating ocd
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to treating ocd
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to explaining ocd
Describe and evaluate the biological approach to explaining ocd
Similar to OCD
Schizophrenia by vinu and hassan
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is difficult for those with schizophrenia to distinguish between real and imagined experiences. Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the world's population. While the exact causes are unknown, research on schizophrenia helps further our understanding of the brain and potential treatments.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
This document discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It covers the history and understanding of OCD, common obsessions and compulsions, potential causes including biological and genetic factors, challenges in diagnosing OCD, common signs and symptoms, and treatments including psychotherapy and medications. The most effective treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy combined with antidepressant medication, which can help manage symptoms but OCD is often a long-term condition.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions. It affects approximately 3% of the population worldwide and typically emerges between ages 20-24. While the exact cause is unknown, biological factors like abnormalities in brain circuits and serotonin levels are implicated. Treatment involves cognitive-behavioral therapy such as exposure response prevention and medication like SSRIs. Nursing management focuses on assessing coping abilities, role functioning, and providing psychoeducation on relationships between anxiety, thoughts, and behaviors.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder where people experience uncontrollable and reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) that lead them to perform repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Common obsessions include fears of contamination or harm, while common compulsions include excessive cleaning, ordering, or checking. OCD affects people of all ages and can be treated with medication like antidepressants or psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Essay
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder characterized by uncontrollable, reoccurring obsessions (unwanted thoughts) or compulsions (repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety). Common obsessions include fears of contamination or harm, while common compulsions include excessive washing or cleaning. OCD affects people of all ages, genders and ethnicities. If left untreated, OCD can significantly impact one's life, but treatment including cognitive behavioral therapy and medication can help manage symptoms.
Ocd
This document provides an overview of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), including its definition, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment. OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to reduce associated anxiety. It has been linked to imbalances in serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy and medication, primarily selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The goals of treatment are to reduce symptoms and restore optimal functioning.
Obsessive compulsivedisorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
Personality disorder
The document discusses different types of mental disorders including neurosis, psychosis, and personality disorders. Neurosis involves less severe behavioral deviations and includes anxiety reactions, phobic reactions, obsessive-compulsive reactions, and neurotic depression. Psychosis involves more severe disorganization of personality and includes affective reactions, paranoid reactions, schizophrenic reactions, and chronic brain syndromes. Personality disorders involve deviant lifelong personality traits and include schizoid personality, passive-aggressive personality, antisocial personality, and drug dependency. The causes of these disorders are theorized to include genetics, biochemistry, family patterns, and environmental stress. Treatment methods aim to address the underlying causes and symptoms of each disorder.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD)
Characterized by obsessional thoughts and compulsive rituals.
Secondary to both depressive illness and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.
OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry; by repetitive behaviours aimed at reducing the associated anxiety; or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental illness characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). It affects approximately 1-2% of adults and children worldwide. Common symptoms include excessive hand washing, checking locks repeatedly, and cleaning rituals. While the thoughts and behaviors associated with OCD feel impossible to control, treatment like cognitive behavioral therapy and medication can help manage symptoms.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an type of anxiety disorder , represented by a diverse group of symptoms that include intrusive thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and compulsions.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | Psychiatric Nursing | Juhin J
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and relapsing anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent obsessive thoughts and/or repetitive compulsive actions that impair daily functioning. The repetitive actions can be mental or physical acts, either of which is perceived by the individual as reducing anxiety. Individuals with OCD might recognize the irrationality of their anxiety-driven patterns, they feel helpless to resist the compulsive urges that serve as dysfunctional coping mechanisms to reduce anxiety. Many patients prefer to keep ritualistic compulsions such as repetitive checking of locks or repeated hand washing a secret because they are ashamed of their illogical behavior.
Definition:
Obsession: Repetitive thoughts, images and doubts which make a person absolutely senseless and irrational. Individual tries to resist but finds unable to do so because that restriction might increase the level of anxiety.
Compulsion: Repetitive actions are performed followed by obsession in order to avoid the marked distress even though the client knows that behavior is unrealistic, senseless and irrational.
Etiology/ Predisposing factors:
I. Biological Theories:
a) Neurotransmitters:
Studies have suggested that changes in brain serotonin(5-HT) function may contribute to anxiety symptoms and anxiety type behaviors. Among anxiety disorders, the most compelling evidence implicating 5-HT exists for OCD.
OCD patients were found to have higher plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol and plasma norepinephrine levels. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) for tritiated clonidine was significantly greater in OCD patients than in normal people. There was a blunted growth hormone, cortisol and ACTH response to clonidine in OCD.
b) Genetics:
Family studies: 35% of first-degree relatives of OCD clients might suffer from this disorder.
Twin studies: Monozygotic twins are more prone to it as compared to dizygotic twins.
c) Electrophysiological Studies:
Electroencephalography: Many of the earlier reports suggested EEG abnormalities in OCD. Temporal lobe spikes and increased theta waves have been reported in sleep EEG or OCD subjects.
Evoked Potentials: Higher N60 amplitudes were found in somatosensory evoked patients in OCD. Obsessional patients are characterized by reduced amplitudes and decreased latencies of late EP component.
d) Brain Imaging:
Cranial CT and MRI scans: An increase in ventricular-brain ratio was found in cranial CT in OCD. Subsequent studies have shown similar results in caudate nuclei. Earlier reports found non-specific abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brains in OCD.
Management:
IV. Psychosurgery:
There are various procedures that have been used in treatment of OCD. They are as follows;
• Prefrontal leucotomy
• Transorbital leucotomy
• Biomedical leucotomy
• Orbital leucotomy
• Rostral leucotomy
• Limbic leucotomy
• Subcaudate tractotomy
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) like excessive handwashing. Around 2-3% of people have OCD, with symptoms often starting in teens and young adults. Common treatments include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and exposure and response prevention therapy. While medication and therapy are preferred, psychosurgery was used as a last resort treatment in the past but is now seen as unethical and ineffective. Managing stress is also important, as stress can trigger OCD symptoms. Local support organizations provide resources and treatment assistance.
Essay On Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
The document discusses obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its treatment. It describes strategies that have been effective in treating OCD, including drug therapy, cognitive therapy, and family-based therapy. It emphasizes the benefits of combination therapy, especially with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT techniques like exposure and response prevention (ERP) and the RIDE theory are explained as successful approaches for treating OCD.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
This document summarizes obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), including who can develop it, common symptoms, potential causes, and treatments. OCD affects approximately 3% of Americans and can develop in teens and adults, causing obsessions and compulsions. Common obsessions include fears of germs, harming others, unwanted thoughts, and need for order. Compulsions like handwashing, praying, or counting alleviate anxiety. Potential causes include abnormalities in brain regions like the basal ganglia and cingulum, as well as genetic and chemical factors. Cognitive behavioral therapy and medication are effective treatments, but many suffer for years without proper diagnosis and support.
physiology of Hallucination
The document discusses different types of hallucinations including visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and somatic hallucinations. It describes the symptoms associated with each type and some potential causes like mental illness, substance abuse, neurological disorders, and sensory deprivation. The document also summarizes a study that examined patients' attitudes toward their hallucinations and how those attitudes related to characteristics of the hallucinations and treatments.
Jp's ocd
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by unwanted and repeated thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions). It can range from mild to severe and negatively impact daily functioning if left untreated. While historically thought to be caused by religious or moral failings, modern research indicates OCD has biological and genetic causes involving abnormalities in brain circuits. Serotonin dysregulation and infections have also been linked to OCD development. Diagnosis requires obsessions, compulsions, or both according to diagnostic criteria and can be performed by a mental health professional.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a mental illness characterized by unwanted and distressing thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). The document provides an overview of OCD including definitions, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Treatment involves a combination of psychiatric medications like SSRIs and psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy which uses exposure therapy to help patients resist compulsions.
Units 32 35
The document discusses various psychological disorders and perspectives on abnormal psychology. It covers topics like the definition and diagnosis of mental illness, theoretical models including biological, psychodynamic, behavioral and cognitive perspectives. Specific disorders mentioned include mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders. Treatment approaches discussed include psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, client-centered therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
SCHIZOPHRENIA for B.Sc (Nsg).docx
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. It is defined by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and negative symptoms. The disorder has been recognized since the late 19th century and was termed "dementia praecox" and later "schizophrenia". It affects about 1% of the population and has varying levels of severity and outcomes depending on factors like symptom type, treatment adherence and social support. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications and psychosocial therapies.
Similar to OCD (20)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | Psychiatric Nursing | Juhin J
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | Psychiatric Nursing | Juhin J
Recently uploaded
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptxMGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Recently uploaded (20)
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
OCD
- 1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder By: Abel Voicu