Occupational therapy involves using goal-directed activities to help those with disabilities improve their functional independence. An occupational therapist assesses a patient, develops an individualized treatment plan using activities, and evaluates progress. Treatment activities may include tasks like crafts, games, exercise, and social skills training to aid conditions like depression, anxiety, and physical impairments. The overall aim is to help patients increase their ability to participate in daily life activities.

1. 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩
𝐲

2. 𝗢𝗖𝗖𝗨𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗬
• 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
• Occupational therapy can be described as the art & science of challenging
an individual effort in specially selected activities that have been designed
to restore and enhances his/her performances .
• Occupational therapy has been described as an active method of treatment
with a profound psychological justification, the essence of OT lies in the use
of activities of every description as an treatment medium with a minimum
aim of improving the quality of life and maximum aim of complete
rehabilitation which ever will improve the quality of life and where
approximate, enhance rehabilitation remain the tool of the OT
• OT is a potent and uniquely valuable approach to health care that enables
people to take control of their own lives & overcome their own disabilities.

3. 𝗗𝗘𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡
• Occupation has been variously defined as “any activity” which
engages a persons resources of time and energy and is composed of
skills and values
• Johnson defined occupation is “any goal directed activity ”
meaningful to the individuals and providing feedback to him/her
about his worth and values as an individual and about their inter
relatedness to others.
• 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲 is the application of goal oriented and
purposeful activity in the assessment and treatment of individuals
with psychological, physical or developmental disabilities.

4. 𝗔𝗜𝗠 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝗧
• The development of maximum functional independence in all aspects
of living. specific aims of occupational therapy are
• 1.Promotion of recovery
• 2.mobilization of total assets of the patient
• 3.prevention of hospitalization
• 4.creation of good habits of work and leisure rehabilitation with
return of self confidence.

5. 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐆𝐨𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓
• The main goal is to enable the patient to achieve a healthy balance of
occupation through the development of skills that will allow him to
function at a Level satisfactory to himself and others
• The sub goals are:
• 1.Assess the pt needs in term of the occupational role required of
him.
• 2.Identify the skills needed to support those roles
• 3.To remove or minimize behavior that interfere with occupational
performances.
• 4.Improves role performances.

6. Cont…
• 5.To assist the patient to develop, relearn or maintain skills to a level
of competence that will allow satisfactory performance of OT.
• 6.Help The pt to perform outside the services settings at a level which
will enable him to meet his needs in a way which is acceptable to
himself and also to society.

7. 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓
• 1. Any activity in which the pt engages should have as its objective a
cure.
• 2.It should be interesting.
• 3.It should have a useful purpose other than merely to gain the pt
attention and interest.
• 4.It should preferably ,lead to an increase in knowledge on the pt part
• 5.curative activity should be, preferably carried on with others , such
as in a group.

8. • 6.The OT should carefully study the pt and known his/her needs and
attempt to meet as many as possible through activity.
• 7.The therapist should stop the pt in his/her work before reaching a
point of fatigue.
• 8. Encouragement should genuinely given whenever indicated.
• 9.work is preferred over idleness , even when the end product of pt
labor is of a poor quality or is useless.

9. 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓
• 1.Depression
• 2.chronic schizophrenia
• 3.Anxiety disorders
• 4.manic disorders
• 5.paranoid schizophrenia
• 6.catatonic schizophrenia
• 7.Antisocial personality
• 8.substance abuse
• 9.childhood psychiatric disorders

10. 𝐒𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
• 1.Aniety disorders: simple concrete tasks with not more than 3-4
steps (sweeping, washing, gardening)
• 2.Depressive disorders: simple concrete task which are achievable (
crafts)
• 3.Manic disorders: non competitive activities That allows the use of
energy and expression of feelings ( racking grass)
• 4.Paranoid schizophrenia: Non competitive solitary meaningful task
that require some degree of concentration ( puzzles, clay work)
• 5. Catatonic schizophrenia: Activities that enhances self esteem &
creativeness( painting, leather works)

11. Cont….
• 6.Antisocial personality: group activities to increase feelings of
belongings & self worth( cover making, packing goods)
• 7.Substance abuse: Group activities in which patient uses his talents (
involve patient in planning social activities)
• 8. Childhood& adolescent disorders: (𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐬 playing story, and
telling story, painting ,music , poetry etc), 𝐀𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭 ( leather work,
drawing, painting), 𝐌𝐑 cover making , candle making packing goods.

12. 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓
• The main benefits of oT is mastering skills that help children & adults
develop ,recover or maintain skills for daily living
• The goal of an O Therapist in OT is to help individuals lead
independent productive and fulfilling lives

13. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟𝐎𝐓
• 1. 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
• 2.𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 & 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
• 3.𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

14. 1.𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
• Physicians or other legally qualified professional request OT services for the
client. Referral may be oral but a written record also necessary.
• Assessment is basic for all interventions & must be both thorough & valid
in order to ensure that treatment is appropriate .
• Assessment in 2 stages
• 1.INITIAL Assessment: It is a screening process to determine the main
problem area of the client & whether OT is required or not
• 2.DETAILED Assessment: once the client is accepted for treatment a
detailed assessment is carried out to determine his needs assets interest &
goals.

15. 2. Treatment
• The Therapist formulates primary treatment plan. It includes goals of
treatment ,methods to be used , an individual programme & list of
people who need to be informed about the programme . The
treatment plan is put into practice and the client progress is
continuously monitored.
• Regular reviews are held to evaluate the need for major programme
changes. After the review the treatment plan is updated including the
programme of activities.q

16. 3.Evaluation
• The circular process of OT is completed by the 3 stages.
• 1.Final treatment review
• 2.Evaluation of process
• 3.Review of model
• The final review of the client progress is used to reach decision about
discharge or referral to other agencies
• Evaluation of the progress should go on throughout the OT. Changes
are unlikely to occur at their level ,Evaluation and quality assurance
methods are similar as to evaluate effectiveness of any interventions

17. 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬
• Occupational therapy is the application of goal oriented ,purposeful
activity in the assessment and treatment of individuals with
psychological physical or developmental disabilities.
• 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 &𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞
• 1.independent living skills: self care or self maintenance.
• 2.Task oriented treatment using creative expressive modalities ,crafts,
education, leisure time, play socialization & other role related
activities
• 3.Prevocational & adjustment programme ,employment and
academic preparations, home making , children's care, parenting

18. Cont….
• 4. Sensory motor including neuromuscular & sensory integrative
assessment & treatment.
• 5.Adaptation to physical environment and guidance in use of adaptive
equipment's.
• 6.Therapeutic exercises to enhance functional performance
• 7. pt or family education and counselling
• 8. Discharge planning & community re entry.

19. 𝐎𝐓 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 & 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
• The services are provided to children's, adolescent, adults , elderly of all
functional groups and diagnostic categories in institutional community
based , partial hospitalization, residential treatment .
• The programmes are offered in
• Psychiatric hospital
• Nursing homes
• Psychosocial & rehabilitative centers
• Public & private schools
• Home of health agencies
• Community mental health centers, Day care centers , private practice or
physician office , industry & business establishment etc..

20. OT in an inpatient unit
• OT programme usually consist of a wide range of both individuals and
group experiences designed to meet the pt social, emotional, occupational
needs based. On the abilities of pt ( activities like craft work, leather work,
ceramic ,wood works)
• Beyond this there programmes offer assertiveness training. Daily living
skills groups and current event groups ,art range activities including music
art, clay work, providing ways of training people together and exploring the
self
• Painting is used for a vehicle for self expression for chronic long stay
psychiatric pts
• The therapeutic interventions are training for physical well being daily
living skills, social activities, social skills training, creative activities, craft
activities & industrial work

21. 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬
• OT promote physical fitness:
• 1. relaxation training ; To turn off tension it includes physiological
techniques, meditative techniques and hypnotic techniques.
• 2.Dance ; To become efficient and well co ordinated and to function more
ably in his environment
• 3. Swimming ; To enable the physically handicapped to participate are
freely as the able bodied
• 4.Yoga ; To increase conc ,stimulates interest & improves body awareness
• 5. walking, jogging, running ; To encourage people to explore their
neighborhood & Opportunity to enjoy nature.

22. Physical advantages
• To improve coordination
• Improve general physical condition and increase cardiovascular
fitness.
• Develop strength & improve posture gait.
• 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 :Improves mood &reduces anxiety
• Reduces the aggressive impulses
• Encourages independent personal care like dressing grooming
especially in depression
• Provides opportunities for pt face challenges and overcome those as
well as achieve success

23. 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
• Craft which are useful for developing conc ,creative thinking planning.
• Games puzzles for developing conc memory, problem solving skills.
• Art & poetry for developing creative thinking & imagination
• Play reading ,discussion to develop language skills concen, memory

24. 𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
• 1.Task activities: aims to improve daily living work or task
performance skills
• 2.social activities: aimed to promote enjoyment , can be used as
simple level of diversion by involving social contact & interaction
• 3.Activities involving communication &sharing: involves a group work
like playing dramas with group

25. 𝐑𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐧𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞
• 1.Observation: assessment of outcome of every individual past
targeted or achieved events, check for improvement
• 2.Check any changes in symptoms ,mood behavior of patient during
the OT
• 3 Teaches or The pt about social, coping skills to mentally disabled .
• 4 Encourage& stimulate pt throughout the OT
5.Collaborates with psychiatric team contributes the improvements