This document discusses occupational therapy, including its definition, goals, process, types of activities, and indications for different disorders. Occupational therapy aims to help people participate in meaningful daily activities and develops skills to support occupational roles. The process involves assessment, treatment planning and implementation, and evaluation. Common interventions include injury rehabilitation, supports for older adults, and helping children with disabilities. Occupational therapists work with a variety of professionals and treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and dementia.

1. PRESENTED BY:-
NEHA SHARMA

3. INTRODUCTION
Occupational therapy (OT) is the use of
assessment and intervention to develop,
recover, or maintain the meaningful activities,
or occupations, of individuals, groups, or
communities. It is an allied health profession
performed by occupational therapists. OTs
often work with people with mental health
problems, disabilities, injuries, or
impairments.

4. Conti……
 Common occupational therapy interventions
include helping children with disabilities to
participate fully in school and social situations,
injury rehabilitation, and providing supports for
older adults experiencing physical and
cognitive changes.

5. Conti…….
 Typically, occupational therapists are university-
educated professionals and must pass a licensing
exam to practice. Occupational therapists often work
closely with professionals in physical therapy, speech
therapy, audiology, nursing, social work, clinical
psychology, medicine.

6. DEFINITION :
 American Occupational Therapy Association defines an
occupational therapist as someone who "helps people
across the lifespan participate in the things they want and
need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday
activities (occupations).
 Occupational therapy is the application of goal-oriented,
purposeful activity in the assessment and treatment of
individuals with psychological, physical or developmental
disabilities.

7. GOALS:
 The main goal is to enable the patient to achieve a
healthy balance of occupations through
development of skills that will allow him to
function at a level satisfactory to himself and the
others.

8. Sub-Goals are:
Assess the patient’s needs in terms of
the occupational role required of him.

9. Conti…….
 To identify the skills needed to support those roles.
 To remove or minimize behaviors that interferes
with occupational performance.
 To improve role performance.

10. THE PROCESS OF OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY :

11. 1.Selecting a Model
 A model is selected translate the occupational
therapy paradigm into practice in a particular
work setting or with an individual client.

12. 2. Assessment
Assessment is the basis for all intervention and must be
both thorough and valid in order to ensure that
treatment is appropriate. Assessment in two stages:
 Initial assessment
 Detailed assessment
Assessment begins from the moment a referral is
received or, if specific referrals are not made in a
particular setting, from the moment the therapist
starts to identify those clients who could benefit from
occupational therapy.

13. Conti……
Initial assessment is a screening process to determine
the main problem area of the client and whether or not
occupational therapy can be of any value in this case.
Once the client is accepted for treatment a detailed
assessment is carried out to determine his needs,
assets, interests and goals.

14. Conti…….
 Effective assessment will lead directly to
setting long-term, intermediate and short-term
goals and to choice of appropriate treatment
methods. Methods are not much different as we
generally used for any type of intervention.

15. 3.Treatment
Treatment in three stages :
 Formulation of treatment plan
 Treatment implementation .
 Treatment review

16. 4. Evaluation
The circular process of occupational therapy is
completed by the three stages of evaluation:
 Final treatment review
 Evaluation of process
 Review of model

17. INDICATIONS:

18. Depression :
 Make the clients to sit and watch initially in order to
socialize them and make them to feel to perform certain
activities. Provide positive reinforcement after each
achievement. For example, Crafts, gardening.

19. Chronic schizophrenics :
 Sensory integration approach. For example, throwing the
ball overhead, ducking under nets, marching and skipping.
Projective methods, For example, writing story, drawing,
asking them to write whatever comes to the mind.

20. Anxiety disorder:
 Simple concrete tasks with not more than 3 or 4 steps than
can be learnt quickly. For example, Washing, mopping.

21. Manic disorder :
 Non-competitive activities that allow the energy use and
expression of feelings, limited activities, client has to work
away from distractions. For example, Metal work, clay
molding.

22. Paranoid schizophrenia :
 Non-competitive, solitary meaningful tasks which requires
some degree of concentration whereby they can deviate
from delusions. For example, Puzzles, scrabble.

23. Catatonic schizophrenia :
 Provide concrete tasks to the client whereby they will
involve actively. Client needs continuous supervision. For
example, Involve the client in metal work, clay molding
based on IQ level.

24. Antisocial personality:
 Expressive, creative activities are provided to the client,
which will increase self esteem. After each task completes
ensure it. Client needs supervision at every step.

25. Dementia :
 Demonstrates each task to the client and asks them to
repeat it; provide structured activities which will increase
self worth and self belongingness.

26. Substance abuse :
 Involves the client in group activities/social activities,
where they can interact with others.

27. Childhood psychiatric disorders:
 Involve the children in playing, storytelling, cover
making, candle preparation, painting, poetry, music,
leather work, drawing, assignment based on their interests
and talents, and provide positive reinforcement to the
child for accomplishing the tasks.

29. ADVANTAGES:-
 It helps to build a more healthy and integrated ego
 It helps to express and deal with needs and feelings
 Assists in the gratification of frustrated basic needs
 Strengthens ego defenses
 Reverses psychopathology
 Facilitates personality integration
 Offers opportunities to explore and re-evaluate self-
concepts and object concepts.

30. TYPES OF ACVTIVITIES:

31. Diversional activities:
 These activities are used to divert one’s thoughts from life
stresses or to full time. For example- organized games.

32. Therapeutic activities:
 These activities are used to attain a specific care plan or
goal. For example, basket making, carpentry etc.

33. ROLE OF NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY:

34. Conti……
 Coordinates with other therapeutic team members in
diagnosing the abilities, strengths, talents, interests IQ levels of
the client and in selecting the activity for a specific client
 Provides a series of graded experiences to the client, e.g.
observing the demonstration of any activity to more direct and
active experiences
 Educates the client to develop specific new skills
 Encourages socialization of client and exhibits positive interest
 Guides the client in formulation of new hobbies by
strengthening the abilities of the client.

35. CONCLUSION:
 Occupational therapy is the only profession that helps
people across the lifespan to do the things they want and
need to do through the therapeutic use of daily activities
(occupations). Occupational therapy practitioners enable
people of all ages to live life to its fullest by helping them
promote health, and prevent—or live better with—injury,
illness, or disability. Common occupational therapy
interventions include helping children with disabilities to
participate fully in school and social situations, helping
people recovering from injury to regain skills, and
providing supports for older adults experiencing physical
and cognitive changes.

36. SUMMARIZATION:
Today we have discussed about:
 Introduction and definition of occupational therapy.
 Goals of occupational therapy.
 Indications of occupational therapy.
 Advantages of occupational therapy.
 Types of activities used in occupational therapy.
 Role of nurse in occupational therapy.

38. RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Effectiveness of occupational therapy in
Parkinson’s disease: study protocol for a
randomized controlled trial
Ingrid HWM Sturkenboom1*, Maud J Graff1,2, George F
Borm3, Eddy MM Adang3,
Maria WG Nijhuis-van der Sanden1,2, Bastiaan R Bloem4
and Marten Munneke5Abstract
 Background: Occupational therapists may have an added value
in the care of patients with Parkinson’s disease whose daily
functioning is compromised, as well as for their immediate
caregivers. Evidence for this added value is inconclusive due to a
lack of rigorous studies. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the
(cost) effectiveness of occupational therapy in improving daily
functioning of patients with Parkinson’s disease.

39. Conti……
 Methods/Design: A multicenter, assessor-blinded, two-
armed randomized controlled clinical trial will be
conducted, with evaluations at three and six months. One
hundred ninety-two home-dwelling patients with
Parkinson’s disease and with an occupational therapy
indication will be assigned to the experimental group or to
the control group (2:1). Patients and their caregivers in the
experimental group will receive ten weeks of home based
occupational therapy according to recent Dutch
guidelines.

40. Cont….
 Discussion: This is the first large-scale trial specifically
evaluating occupational therapy in Parkinson’s disease. It
is expected to generate important new information about
the possible added value of occupational therapy on daily
functioning of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Trial
registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01336127.
 Keywords: Parkinson disease, Occupational therapy,
Guidelines, caregiver, Randomized controlled trial.

41. references
 TOWENSEND C. MARY, MENTAL HEALTH NURSING,
8TH EDITION, PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE PUBLICATIONS.
 HARVEY A. RICHARD, PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES,
5TH EDITION,PUBLISHED BY MEDICAL PUBLISHER.
 CENSUS OF INDIAAVAILABLE FROM
URL:http://WWW.OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY.COM .